Open Data Governance as a Theoretical Concept: A Stakeholder and Institutional Analysis (original) (raw)
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Open Data Governance and Its Actors: Theory and Practice
Palgrave Macmillan, 2022
This book combines theoretical and practical knowledge about key actors and driving forces that help to initiate and advance open data governance. Using Finland and Sweden as case studies, it sheds light on the roles of key actors in the open data movement, enabling researchers to understand the key operational elements of data-driven governance. It also examines the most salient manifestations of related networking activities, the motivations of stakeholders, and the political and socioeconomic readiness of the public, private and civic sectors to advance such policies. The book will appeal to e-government experts, policymakers and political scientists, as well as academics and students of public administration, public policy, and open data governance.
Open Data Politics: Building a Research Framework
Open Data Politics, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11410-7_1, pp1-18, 2019
The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief introduction to the concept of open data politics and its key terms, which are actively used in other parts of the book, especially in understanding its fundamental elements such as phenomena of open data, open data platforms, open data-driven projects, open government, e-government, and e-participation, as well as its key political and socioeconomic values such as transparency of government, civic engagement, public–private partnership, public sector innovations, and digital democracy. Another goal of the chapter is to develop a conceptual framework for the empirical analysis. The framework is built in accordance with key research questions and analytical approaches that shape conceptually the methodology of the case study investigation hereinafter. In particular, the author explains why these topics are important and relevant as part of the current research on open data to propose new policy agendas in academic and professional literature. Also, he tries to justify the use of descriptive analysis to address the chosen research questions, especially in understanding different institutional stakeholders, their perspectives on open data policies, and operation of related networking platforms at different institutional levels of government.
Political and Socioeconomic Implications of Open Data Politics
Open Data Politics, pp.99-108, 2019
This conclusion chapter presents generalizations on key findings of the whole empirical research with a primary focus on further discussion of main assumptions presented in empirical parts of the work. In particular, the author tried to analyze the most important political, economic, and social drivers of open data politics and identify the role of key policymakers and stakeholders in promoting open government, first of all, as a networking movement that is popular in both public and private sectors of national economy and at different institutional levels. In general, the research demonstrates that open data politics should be regarded as a multidimensional undertaking, taking into account not only various political, socioeconomic, and administrative aspects of country contexts that apparently have direct implications on its development but also such indirect domains of the concept promotion as, for example, the traditions of collaboration of both public and private stakeholders in related decision-making or administrative practices that encourage digital centralization as an implementation mechanism in the area.
Open Data from the Perspectives of Individual Actors of Political Communication
Open Data Governance and Its Actors. Palgrave Macmillan, 2022
In analyzing theoretically open data as, first of all, part of an emerging political concept, especially from the perspectives of its main actors, namely policymakers, practitioners and technology-savvy enthusiasts, that is, those who are usually expected to promote the public agendas of open data governance, it is necessary to mention, firstly, the three classic domains of related political communication channels, which are presumably generated in related digital government transactions such as public or government, civic and business-centric perspectives, and then three non-standard dimensions such as those that could exist from the perspectives of, respectively, independent developers, media communities and non-governmental institutions (e.g. public activists, think tanks, academia and philanthropic organizations).
Conclusion: Understanding the Collaborative Nature of Open Data Governance
Open Data Governance and Its Actors. Palgrave Macmillan, 2022
The key goal of the chapter is to analyze and elaborate further on key roles of various stakeholders, including public agents, civic communities, business and corporate players, professional developers, non-governmental sector, academia and journalistic circles. As it was demonstrated by both Finnish and Swedish cases, all these actors may have different interests in the promotion of open data governance as a collaborative movement. As such, their contributions and contributing roles differ in a number of important aspects. These nuances of the collaboration and networking are discussed in more detail in this part of the research. Toward the end of the chapter, the author concludes on key theoretical and practical contributions of the research to current academic knowledge on the topic and discusses limitations and potential future agendas for research in this direction.
Government Information Quarterly, 2022
Open Government Data (OGD) ecosystems are composed of public, private and non-profit actors playing specific roles related to the availability and use of publicly accessible government information. The literature considers the presence of healthy ecosystems as crucial for effective use of OGD, with positive effects on democracy, policy effectiveness, and economic development. This paper employs the Exponential Random Graph model (ERGM) technique to empirically explore relations among the actors of an OGD ecosystem for public participation in the context of the European Policy in Italy. The models estimate the likelihood of an ecosystem connection between actors as documented online via Twitter, by considering the type of actor-namely government organizations, user communities, NGOs and the media-and their locations. The analysis showed that governmental organizations as data providers and intermediaries play a crucial role in disseminating OGD and facilitating their use by local communities. Government organizations as policy makers were much less active. In addition, NGOs and the media were less disposed than government actors to serve as data intermediaries and less likely than local communities to engage in policy deliberation. These patterns suggest that the nature and level of engagement by various actors may be influenced by their interest in the specific purpose of the ecosystem. Finally, co-location is a powerful predictor of the creation of new connections among actors of all kinds, demonstrating that effective local data use can be enabled and encouraged by national data provision.
Open data governance: civic hacking movement, topics and opinions in digital space
Quality & Quantity
The expression ‘open data’ relates to a system of informative and freely accessible databases that public administrations make generally available online in order to develop an informative network between institutions, enterprises and citizens. On this topic, using the semantic network analysis method, the research aims to investigate the communication structure and the governance of open data in the Twitter conversational environment. In particular, the research questions are: (1) Who are the main actors in the Italian open data infrastructure? (2) What are the main conversation topics online? (3) What are the pros and cons of the development and use (reuse) of open data in Italy? To answer these questions, we went through three research phases: (1) analysing the communication network, we found who are the main influencers; (2) once we found who were the main actors, we analysed the online content in the Twittersphere to detect the semantic areas; (3) then, through an online focus ...
As a field of practice and research that is fast-growing and a locus for much attention and activity, open government data (OGD) has attracted stakeholders froma variety of origins. They bring with thema variety ofmeanings for OGD. The purpose of this paper is to show how the different stakeholders and their different perspectives on OGD can be analyzed in a given context. Taking Chile as an OGD exemplar, stakeholder analysis is used to identify and categorize stakeholder groups in terms of their relative power and interest as either primary (in this case, politicians, public officials, public sector practitioners, international organizations) or secondary (civil society activists, funding donors, ICT providers, academics). Stakeholder groups sometimes associated with OGD but absent from significant involvement in Chile – such as private sector- and citizen-users – are also identified. Four different perspectives on open government data – bureaucratic, political, technological, and economic – are identified from a literature review. Template analysis is used to analyze text – OGD-related reports, conference presentations, and interviews in Chile – in terms of those perspectives. This shows bureaucratic and political perspectives to be more dominant than the other two, and also some presence for a politico-economic perspective not identified from the original literature review. The information value chain is used to identify a “missingmiddle” in current Chilean OGD perspectives: a lack of connection between a reality of data provision and an aspiration of developmental results. This pattern of perspectives can be explained by the capacities and interests of key stakeholders, with those in turn being shaped by Chile's history, politics, and institutions. Overall, stakeholder analysis and perspectives analysis are shown from this case to be workable techniques for OGD that add value by exposing the identity, power, motivations, and worldview of key actors. They provide a necessary foundation of knowledge for both researchers and practitioners who need to understand the different meanings of OGD in any particular context.
Canadian Public Administration, 61(1), 2018
This research explores consistent patterns in the development of open data phenomena in various institutional contexts. The investigation is based on cross-jurisdictional analysis of open data platforms promoted today in more than 30 countries at local, sub-national, national and supranational levels. Key findings of the study suggest that, institutionally, the instrumentation of the concept is a highly context-dependable undertaking. Almost all observed cases tend to be affected by fundamental administrative frameworks within which they are promoted, which could generally be classified in accordance with three consistently repetitive institutional patterns. The research offers a new research agenda to elaborate further on open data as institutional phenomena.
Understanding Multiple Roles of Intermediaries in Open Government Data
Open government data (OGD) has been promoted as an innovative ICT-related policy that can help accomplish political, social and economic development goals, especially in developing countries. However, this paper argues that barriers emerging between governments and civil society in these nations – digital divide, data absence, lack of data quality, and lack of data provision – may impede OGD success. In order to overcome these barriers, new resources and capabilities need to be brought to the OGD arena, since governments often focus only on releasing raw data, and civil society is often unable to technically produce and disseminate information from datasets. Thus, “OGD intermediaries” are required to bridge the gap between these stakeholders by providing technical knowledge and resources that otherwise would be missed. This paper identifies five different roles that OGD intermediaries can play – acting as demanders, producers, validators, developers or communicators of data – and provides examples of these from the Latin American context. By recognizing the need for, and types of, OGD intermediary, it is hoped this paper will help improve both understanding and success of OGD initiatives.