Relationship between head posture and anterior-posterior skeletal patterns in a group of female patients (original) (raw)
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Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2020
BACKGROUND We wanted to assess and compare the morphological deviations of the cervical vertebral column and cranial base angle in three different facial types that is hypodivergent, normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups and elucidate the aetiology behind the associations as well as clinical implications of the results. METHODS The study was conducted in the department of orthodontics wherein lateral cephalograms of 150 subjects in the age group of 18-25 years were taken and divided into three groups. The division of groups was made as per Steiner's mandibular plane angle i.e. Hyperdivergent group (SN-MP angle >34 degrees) Normodivergent group (SN-MP angle 26-34 degrees) Hypodivergent group (SN-MP angle < 26 degrees). Lateral cephalograms were traced and analysed to compare the variables by statistical analysis. Morphology of the cervical column was evaluated by visual inspection of the first 5 cervical vertebrae as they are normally seen on a standardized lateral skull radiograph. Characteristics of the cervical column were classified according to the method of Sandham. The cranial base angle was measured by the angle between nasion sella and sella basion (N-S-Ba) and then compared in the three groups. RESULTS The cranial base angle was increased significantly in the hyperdivergent group and decreased in the hypodivergent group when compared to the normodivergent group patients. However, no significant results were associated regarding the morphology of the cervical column in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Associations between the cranial base angle and cervical column morphology plays a pivotal role in orthodontics in making the diagnosis of malocclusion and finding out the pattern of growth in vertical direction. A routine examination of the cervical vertebral column area for any deviation in the morphology should be done and checked. These registrations may prove useful in making the diagnosis and finding aetiology especially in the cases of severe skeletal malocclusions like severe open bite and deep bite and those with obstructive disorders like obstructive sleep apnoea or enlarged adenoids.
Craniocervical posture: Cephalometric and biophotogrammetric analysis
Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences
To investigate the correlation between the craniocervical posture measurements obtained by the biophotogrammetric and cephalometric analysis. Methods: 80 women aged between 19 and 35 years were evaluated by the cephalometric and biophotogrammetric methods. The cephalometric variables were: CVA (position of flexion/extension of the head) CPL (forward head posture) CVT/EVT ratio (cervical column curvature). For the biophotogrammetric analysis, photography were analyzed in right profile being two angles related to the head forward posture (A1 and A2) and one related to flexion-extension head position (FE). It was also measured the curvature of the cervical spine by the cervical distance. The correlation between the craniocervical posture variables, as measured by the two methods of assessment, was analyzed by the Pearson's correlation with a significance level of 5%. Results: It was observed a moderate and significant agreement (p=0.00) between the postural craniocervical variables that analyzed the flexionextension head position (FE and CVA) and the forward head (CPL and A1). The evaluation of the cervical curvature by the DC measure showed no correlation with the cephalometric variable CVT/EVT. Conclusions: The biophotogrammetric analysis can be preferably chosen for assessing the head posture. However, the cephalometric analysis appears to be the most indicated for the cervical curvature measurement, since it enables a more objective view of the bone structures without the influence of the soft tissues.
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences
The aim of the present study was to examine as to whether any association can be found between the head posture and the craniofacial growth in the vertical direction. METHODS The sample comprised of 150 subjects in the age group of 18-25 years and were further divided into three groups. These groups were classified into hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent according to the sella-nasion (SN) mandibular plane angle. The head posture was measured by calculating craniocervical and cervicohorizontal postural variables, recorded from the lateral cephalograms taken with the subjects standing with the head in the natural head position. RESULTS A clear pattern of association was found between the head posture and the vertical growth pattern. An extended head posture was seen in hyperdivergent group and flexion of the head was seen in hypodivergent group when compared to normodivergent cases (P<0.05, P<0.01). The findings were in agreement with the soft tissue stretching hypothesis according to which stronger forces are exerted on the facial skeleton whenever there is an increase in the tension in the soft tissue layer. When these forces are active for a long time during growth, they might restrict the growth of the maxilla and the mandible in forward direction and redirect it in a more caudal direction. Such a mechanism could explain the association between the extension of the head and the development of facial skeleton and in particular, the mandible. CONCLUSIONS The cervical vertebral column area should be evaluated in routine cephalometric analysis and any deviation in the cervical column morphology and head posture should be registered. These registrations may prove useful when considering the diagnosis and evaluating the etiology, especially in patients with severe skeletal malocclusion and obstructive sleep apnea.
Journal of orthodontic science, 2013
Commonly used parameters for anteroposterior assessment of the jaw relationship includes several analyses such as ANB, NA-Pog, AB-NPog, Wits appraisal, Harvold's unit length difference, Beta angle. Considering the fact that there are several parameters (with different range and values) which account for sagittal relation, and still the published literature for comparisons and correlation of these measurements is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to correlate these values in subjects of Indian origin. The sample consisted of fifty adult individuals (age group 18-26 years) with equal number of males and females. The selection criteria included subjects with no previous history of orthodontic and/or orthognathic surgical treatment; orthognathic facial profile; Angle's Class I molar relation; clinical Frankfort Mandibular plane angle FMA of 30±5° and no gross facial asymmetry. The cephalograms were taken in natural head position (NHP). Seven sagittal skeletal pa...
Assessment of Vertical Skeletal Patterns using a New Cephalometric Parameter: The Dhaval—Rohan Angle
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research, 2017
Introduction: The aim of this study was to establish a new cephalometric parameter, named the Dhaval-Rohan angle (DR), to assess the vertical skeletal patterns on a lateral cephalogram with accuracy and reproducibility. Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty pretreatment lateral cephalograms of the patients visiting the department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics for treatment were obtained and divided into three groups. i.e., horizontal growth pattern, average growth pattern, and vertical growth pattern cases based on the routinely used cephalometric parameters; FMA, SN-GoGn, Y-axis angle and Jarabak ratio. This angle uses three skeletal landmarks, the point C (center of the condyle), point M (midpoint of premaxilla), and point G (center of the largest circle that is tangent to the internal inferior, anterior, and posterior surfaces of the mandibular symphysis). Results: The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed that the three groups studied were not the same for DR angle and the post hoc Tukey test found the groups to be significantly different. According to the Student's t-test, there was no statistically significant difference in mean values of DR angle between males and females. Conclusion: Cephalometric evaluation of young adults shows that the DR angle below 28.5° indicates a horizontal growth pattern, between 28.5 and 32.5° indicate an average growth pattern and above 32.5° indicate a vertical growth pattern.
Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, 2016
Introduction. Orthodontic diagnosis includes the interpretation of the relations between the craniofacial and cervical system, given the potential impact of the irregularities from one system to another. Objective. The aim of this study was to examine morphological characteristics of the cervical spine, depending on the parameters of the vertical craniofacial growth and gender in adult subjects. Methods. The sample comprised lateral cephalograms of 120 subjects with different vertical facial growth, aged 17.5-35 years. Measured parameters were the following: anterior and posterior vertebral body height (ABHC2-C5, PBHC2-C5), anterior and posterior intervertebral space (AISC2-C5, PISC2-C5), distance between vertebrae and point sella (SC2, SC3, SC4), pterygomaxillare (PmC2), gonion (GoC2) and basion (BaC4); cervical spine angulation (OPT/CVT) and inclination (OPT/HOR, CVT/HOR). Results. Results showed that subjects with anterior facial growth rotation have greater values for BaC4, OPT/...
Evaluation of Cervical Posture of Adolescent Subjects in Skeletal Class I, II, and III
International Journal of Morphology, 2012
The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are significant differences in cervical posture in adolescent subjects with a different skeletal class. Twenty-eight adolescent subjects (21 boys and 7 girls, average age of 13.6 years, SD±3.2) who were admitted for orthodontic treatment were included in this study. Selection criteria were as follows: no previous orthodontic, orthopaedic, or surgical treatment and absence of facial asymmetry, bruxism, nasal obstruction, orofacial pain, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Lateral skull radiographs were taken, and the subjects were divided into three groups based on their skeletal class according to ANB angle and Wits appraisal. The cephalometric tracings included cervical postural variables and cervical curvature. By Pearson´s correlation analysis (using the variables as continuous), we found a high linear relationship between the variables angle ANB and Wits appraisal (0.7895) and between cervical curvature and C0-C1 distance (0.6384). Statistical significance was observed between ANB angle and cervical curvature (p = 0.039) and C0-C1 distance (p = 0.045) variables, whereas Wits appraisal showed no significant association with any study variable (p > 0.05). The cervical curvature was different between the groups; however, both averages turned out to have more characteristics of rectified cervical, being female clearly the most affected, as well as an average lower than the standard posterior-inferior angle, which shows a more posterior rotation of the skull. The cervical posture seems to be strongly associated with the sagittal posture as well as the vertical structure of the face, with these data being complementary to other determinants of craniofacial growth and development.
Importance of body posture in orthodontics
Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research
The orthograde posture is the most characteristic feature of human beings. The question of a relationship between form and posture has been the subject of considerable interest in anthropological literature. Particular attention has been devoted to the phylogenetic implications of the simultaneous development of the brain, cranial base flexion and erect posture in man (Schultz, 1942, Du Brul, 1950). In orthodontic literature only few authors have considered the possibility of a relationship between posture and craniofacial morphology. Though many authors have proved the relationship between flexion of head and facial retrognathism and vice-versa, no study could be traced where the relationship of the body posture to the natural head posture or craniofacial morphology has been evaluated. The present study was undertaken with an effort to elucidate the relationship between natural posture and craniofacial morphology.
Journal of Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, 2021
Aim and objective: To establish the mean value, standard deviation, and to determine statistically significant differences of Beta, Yen, and W angle for skeletal class I, skeletal class II, and skeletal class III malocclusion in North India population. Materials and methods: The study will be carried on 90 pretreatment lateral cephalograms randomly taken from records of the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Ferozepur. All the cephalograms will be traced using a sharp 0.5 mm pencil on 0.003-inch acetate tracing paper using an X-ray viewer. Mean values of measurements such as ANB angle and Wits appraisal will be calculated and will be divided into 3 groups of 30 samples each. Then, Beta, Yen, and W angle will be measured for all three groups. The data will then be summarized and standard statistical methods will be applied. Results: Beta angle had a value of 31.23 ± 3.2.99° for skeletal class I group, 25.33 ± 2.64° for skeletal class II group, 40.03 ± 3 0.05° for skeletal class III group, YEN angle had a value of 122.57 ± 6.53 for skeletal class I group, 115.20 ± 2.49 for skeletal class II group, and 132.60 ± 3.56 for skeletal class III group, and W angle had a value of 54.90 ± 2.39 for skeletal class I group, 51.17 ± 3.21 for skeletal class II group, and 59.40 ± 1.95 for skeletal class III group. Conclusion: A significant difference was present between the mean value of Beta, Yen, and W angle for class I, class II, and class III malocclusion. Clinical significance: Beta, Yen, and W angle are new parameters to diagnose the skeletal relationship of both the arches and are important clinically in diagnosis and treatment planning of the patient for orthodontic treatment.