Interactions of Ethanol and Chloroquine in Protein-Malnourished Male Sprague Dawley Rats: Haematological, Biochemical and Testicular Effects (original) (raw)
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The Internet Journal of Hematology, 2007
Chloroquine (Q) is widely used as the main drug for malaria therapy in malaria endemic regions of the world, especially in Africa. Individuals on Q therapy frequently consume alcohol (E), in the face of protein malnutrition. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of chloroquine and/or ethanol treatment on haematological values of male Sprague-Dawley rats placed on normal protein (NP, 15%) or on low protein (LP, 6%) diet (malnutrition) for 40 days divided into 4 equal intervals. After 10 days of treatment, 5-7 rats were randomly selected from each rat cohort and sacrificed. This was repeated for 4 consecutive intervals. Haematological values were lower in LP than in NP-treated rats during all intervals. Ethanol or Q treatments generally depressed haematopoiesis and produced significant reductions in the values of some of the haematological parameters, viz Rbc, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and platelets, irrespective of the dietary protein status. However, the reduction in these parameters due to Q was less in NP-treated rats. Ethanol-low protein treatment (LPE) caused significant elevations (P<0.001) in MCHC values at all intervals except at Day 30. Ethanol and Q interactively enhanced haematopoiesis in NPEQ and LPEQ rat cohorts and caused general and significant increases in the values of some of the haematologic parameters. The greater increases in haematological values of NPEQ than in LPEQ-treated rats, suggests a modulating effect by nutritional status on the effects of these drugs-individually and in combination-on haematopoiesis. A significantly strong interaction (p<0.0001) was found between the drug effects, the sampling intervals and the dietary status. Total white blood cell count was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the LPE and LPQ-treated rats. The variations in leukocyte counts were essentially caused by variations in neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers. The gradual increases in neutrophil and lymphocyte counts across the intervals in all treated groups reflect a stressful condition impacted upon the immune system. The interaction between the drugs in NPEQ-and LPEQ-rat cohorts resulted in reductions in the lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, suggesting a lowering of immune status of the animals.
Toxicology, 2015
Chronic consumption of ethanol causes morphological and physiological changes in the reproductive system of mammals. Vitamin C has an antioxidant role in organisms by neutralizing the ROS (reactive oxygen species) produced by oxidizing agents and this vitamin has an important function in the male reproductive system. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether vitamin C could prevent or attenuate the alterations in the male reproductive system caused by ethanol consumption. To test this hypothesis, male rats were divided into three experimental groups and treated by gavage for 63 days. The ethanol (E) and ethanol + vitamin C (EC) groups received 2 g/kg of ethanol (25% v/v) daily. In addition to ethanol, the EC group received vitamin C at a dose of 100 mg/day, diluted in water. The control group (C) received only the vehicle. On the 64th experimental day, the animals were anesthetized and euthanized, and blood was collected for plasmatic hormonal analysis. The testis, epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles were removed and weighed. Sperm from the vas deferens was submitted to morphological and motility analysis. The testis and epididymis were used for oxidative stress and histopathological analysis, sperm count, morphometric analysis of the testis, and stereological analysis of the epididymis. The results showed that vitamin C has a protective effect in the testes of adult male rats, entirely normalizing the parameters of sperm count, spermatogenesis kinetics, lipid peroxidation levels, and sperm motility, as well as partially normalizing the histopathological damage in the testis, epididymis, and sperm morphology. Thus, we concluded that lipid peroxidation is a major mechanism by which ethanol affects the testes and sperm, whereas no plasmatic testosterone alterations were found.
Interactive effects of alcohol and chloroquine on hematologic profile of Wistar rats
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2018
Background There is paucity of information on the adverse effects of alcohol – chloroquine interaction on hematological parameters. To investigate the effects of concurrent administration of chloroquine and ethanol on hematologic parameters of adult Wistar rats and the ameliorative role of vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on any adverse effects. Methods Some 30 adult Wistar rats weighing 120–200 g were assigned to six major groups of five rats each according to their weights. The control group A was fed with normal rat chow and water. The experimental groups B–F were administered with drugs for a period of 7 days as follows: B (chloroquine only); C (ethanol only); D (chloroquine+ethanol); E (chloroquine+ethanol+vitamin B12); and F (chloroquine+ethanol+vitamin B12+folic acid). Blood samples were collected from each animal by cardiac puncture to determine red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hem...
Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis, 2021
The aim of the study was to investigate the microscopic renal changes resulting from the concurrent administration of chloroquine and ethanol, with inadequate dietary protein using rats. Sixty-four rats were randomly distributed into eight groups of eight rats each: control groups on normal protein (NPC) or low protein diet (LPC); chloroquine treatment groups on normal protein (NPQ) or low protein diet (LPQ); ethanol treatment groups on normal protein (NPE) or low protein diet (LPE); concurrent chloroquine and ethanol treatment groups on normal protein (NPQE) or low protein diet (LPQE). Chloroquine in 0.9% normal saline was administered weekly to NPQ, LPQ, NPQE, and LPQE. While NPE, LPE, NPQE and LPQE received 6% ethanol in drinking water ad libitum, NPC and LPC received 0.9% normal saline and plain drinking water. After treatment, routine haematoxylin and eosin stain, Masson's trichrome stain for collagen, kidney volume estimation, glomeruli count, immunofluorescence for aquaporin 2 and urine volume estimation were conducted. The results showed a decreased kidney volume in all the experimental groups compared to the control. There was increased collagen fibre deposition and distortion of renal histology in the experimental groups compared to control. Concurrent administration of chloroquine and alcohol causes distortion of kidney histology and derangements of renal function in the low protein fed rats and can cause kidney failure.
Chronic alcoholism-mediated metabolic disorders in albino rat testes
Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2014
There is good evidence for impairment of spermatogenesis and reductions in sperm counts and testosterone levels in chronic alcoholics. The mechanisms for these effects have not yet been studied in detail. The consequences of chronic alcohol consumption on the structure and/or metabolism of testis cell macromolecules require to be intensively investigated. The present work reports the effects of chronic alcoholism on contents of free amino acids, levels of cytochrome P450 3A2 (CYP3A2) mRNA expression and DNA fragmentation, as well as on contents of different cholesterol fractions and protein thiol groups in rat testes. Wistar albino male rats were divided into two groups: I - control (intact animals), II - chronic alcoholism (15% ethanol self-administration during 150 days). Following 150 days of alcohol consumption, testicular free amino acid content was found to be significantly changed as compared with control. The most profound changes were registered for contents of lysine (-53%...
Journal of reproduction & infertility, 2014
Dysmorphology and dysfunction caused by prenatal ethanol consumption in different organs of the offspring are wellknown phenomena. The objective of the present study was to explore the antioxidant effect of vitamin E supplementation on testis damage induced by maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy and early postnatal days. Pregnant Wistar rats on gestation day 7 were assigned to 3 groups, namely, control, ethanol and ethanol-vitamin E groups. Ethanol-treated rats received 4.5 g/kg BW ethanol once per day from day 7 and the procedure continued through postnatal day 21. Vitamin E group received 300 mg of vitamin E and the same amount of ethanol. The male offspring from each group were anesthetized by 10% chloral hydrate (0.5 ml/kg body weight) on day 21 and 90 (n=8 offspring form each group on day 21 and day 90). The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. A p<0.05 was considered significant. The results revealed significant (p<0.05) changes in oxidative stress parameter...
Asian Food Science Journal, 2018
The effect of Beer was evaluated on Albino rats. Sperm count, kidney function test, liver test, red blood cell, pack cell volume, haemoglobin, white blood cell, platelets, lymphocytes were evaluated. The results revealed the mean serum Na, K and Cl reduced from 155.33, 6.13 and 99.33 in week 1 to 146.33, 4.80 and 87.3 in week 4 with a significant difference (P<0.05) across the group when compared to the average control for Na and K. HCO3 had a mean of 19.0 in week 1 and a mean of 21 in week 4 in the treated group and the control group had 23.33 in week 1 and 24.33 in week 3. AST had a mean of 47.33 in week 1 which reduced to 23.33 in week 4 while ALT had a mean of 14.00 in week 1 and 15.00 in week 4 with a significant difference (P<0.05) across the group. The mean serum protein had a mean of 61.77 in week 1 and a mean of 68.11 in week 4 but the treated group was generally lower than the control group. Mean PCV reduced from 33.33 in week 1 to
Dose and Time Dependent Effects of Ethanol on Antioxidant System in Rat Testes
Alcohol, 1999
This study was designed to investigate the dose as well as time dependent effects of ethanol on testicular antioxidant defense system in rats. Male Fischer 344 rats were administered ethanol at a dose of 2, 4, and 6 gm/kg orally and control received equal volume of saline and sacrificed 1 h after ethanol ingestion. For time course study, animals were administered ethanol 4 g/kg orally and sacrificed at 1.5, 2, 4, and 6 h after ethanol ingestion. Testicular ethanol concentration increased with increasing doses of ethanol. Copper zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) activity significantly decreased in the testes of rats treated with increasing doses of ethanol whereas manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity significantly increased in a dose dependent manner (181, 186, and 195% of control, respectively). Testicular glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels did not significantly alter with increasing doses of ethanol one hour after ethanol ingestion. Ethanol concentration decreased in the testes with an increase in time after ethanol ingestion. Testicular CuZn-SOD activity significantly decreased whereas Mn-SOD activity increased with an increase in time after ethanol ingestion. Testicular catalase (CAT) activity significantly decreased at 2 h postethanol ingestion. Testicular MDA levels significantly increased at 4 and 6 h after ethanol ingestion indicating that end product of lipid peroxidation, MDA, takes considerable time to form in the testes. A significant decrease in the ratios of CAT/Mn-SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)/Mn-SOD in the testes of rat suggests the ability of mitochondria to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is suggested that antioxidant enzyme ratios may be used as an important parameter to determine ethanol induced oxidative stress in the tissues.
Effects of Acute Alcohol Administration on Reproductive Endocrinology in the Male Rat
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1978
The results of the current studies further document that acute alcohol administration markedly disrupts the function of the HPG in the male. Our results indicate that alcohol depresses serum testosterone levels and, thereby, produces clinical symptoms associated with hypoandrogenization. Moreover, our studies suggest that acute alcohol administration also affects the hypothalamic‐pituitary axis by reducing serum LH levels—an effect that may represent the primary action of alcohol on the HPG.