Introductory Chapter: General Nutritional Problems in the Different Countries of the Four Continents - Our Challenges Now and Forthcoming Time (original) (raw)
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Malnutrition, a Global Problem
2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010, 2010
Malnutrition is a general term for medical conditions caused by an inadequate diet and poor nutrition. Hunger and malnutrition are among the major difficulties confronting many countries around the world. Malnutrition can be caused by several factors, such as the sharp increase in population (current world population is approximately 6,800,000,000), poor distribution of foods, lack of access to highly nutritious foods, and most important, lack of knowledge about healthy diets. Malnutrition can lead to other problems, such as reduced school attendance, learning capacity, spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, and it can have a negative effect on a nation's development. The objectives of this study are: 1) to review the occurrence of global malnutrition, and 2) to discuss potential solutions to this challenging problem. For example, over three billion people are affected with micronutrient malnutrition in the developing world. Lack of micronutrient components such as iodine, zinc, vitamin A and iron can lead to maternal mortality, diseases such as HIV, and other problems. Over 146 million children under five are underweight and children often die because of malnutrition. There are many challenges to overcome malnutrition, and to provide food security for people. UNICEF, WFS and other organizations are trying to help malnourished children by sending food aid, but this is not enough, and there are still many places in which food security does not exist. According to the FAO organization, food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious foods to meet their dietary needs. So, to develop and distribute nutritious, widely available, low cost foods, which can be consumed by many people around the world is of great importance.
Malnutrition, hunger and famine
Food in Society: Economy, Culture, Geography, 2001
ISBN 0 340 72003 4 (hbk); 0 340 72004 2 (pbk) http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780340720042/ 10 MALNUTRITION, HUNGER AND FAMINE
Malnutrition in developing countries
Paediatrics and Child Health, 2011
Although uncommon in industrialized countries, malnutrition in children remains a scourge in many developing countries. It was estimated that, in 2012, 26% of the world's children were stunted and almost 3% were severely wasted. Forty-five percent of all deaths in children aged under 5 years were attributable to the simple fact that they were underweight. Malnutrition occurs most commonly in Southern Asia and sub Saharan Africa. The effective management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a huge challenge in low resource healthcare settings. More effective prevention and treatment of malnutrition is needed urgently.
assesment of malnutrition under 5 years
Malnutrition literally means "bad nutrition" and technically includes both over-and undernutrition. In the context of developing countries, under-nutrition is generally the main issue of concern, though industrialization and changes in eating habits have increased the prevalence of over-nutrition. Nonetheless, within the context of World Food Program (WFP) programs And assessments, malnutrition refers to under-nutrition unless otherwise specified. WFP defines malnutrition as "a state in which the physical function of an individual is impaired to the point where he or she can no longer maintain adequate bodily performance process such as growth, pregnancy, lactation, physical work and resisting and recovering from disease.
Nutrition, Disease and Death in Times of Famine
Disasters, 1995
In this article we review the relationship between malnutrition and mortality, and the interaction of morbidity, with the aim of clarifying the health risks of malnutrition in situations of famine and food insecurity. Apart from reviewing what is known about this relationship, we highlight areas where further research is needed. Among refugee and famine affected populations living in camps, there appears to be a close association between high rates of malnutrition and excess mortality. Results from communitybased prospective studies of malnutrition and mortality among individuals conclude that as nutritional status declines the risk of death increases, although the discriminating power of different nutritional indices and the strength of the association varies considerably in different locations and at different times. These differences are attributed mainly to the different prevailing patterns of morbidity and growth failure, which are influenced by both environmental and social factors. In situations of famine and population displacement, the deterioration in the health environment increases exposure to infection and is likely to raise the threshold of nutritional status which corresponds to an increased risk of mortality. This has important implications for nutritional assessments and interventions.
The Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2014
Cultural beliefs and practices often revolve around food harvesting and eating. The richness of culture recedes when life is reduced to a struggle for food. Malnutrition is the world's greatest public health problem. It is widespread in developing countries but is also a problem in industrialized countries. 925 million people do not have enough to eat and 98 percent of them live in developing countries. Malnutrition means not being well nourished. Undernourishment, often to the point of starvation, is associated with poor countries. Malnutrition is exacerbated by such natural disasters as severe drought or flooding and by violent conflict. It is, however, not restricted to emergency situations but can be prevalent as a constant state, particularly in developing countries.