Chapter 8 Detection of Pathogens Using Microfluidics and Biosensors (original) (raw)
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Detection of Pathogens Using Microfluidics and Biosensors
Biosensing Technologies for the Detection of Pathogens - A Prospective Way for Rapid Analysis, 2018
Point-of-care devices technology are a promising way towards the recognition of pathogens in early-stage diagnosis, which is critical for the success of inexpensive treatments as opposed to the high costs of managing the disease. The integration of immunoassays with read out circuitry allows the implementation of diagnostic devices for their use by untrained personnel, without compromising reliability. In the following chapter, three different biosensors based on lab-on-a-chip (LoC) and microfluidic technologies were designed, assembled and tested for pathogen diagnosis. The devices allowed the effective detection of the human papilloma virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Chagas parasite in shorter times and with smaller sample volumes than those required by current clinical diagnosis techniques. All devices were benchmarked against commercial techniques in terms of cost and time requirement per test.
Detection of Patogens Using Microfluidics and Biosensors
Point-of-care devices technology are a promising way towards the recognition of pathogens in early-stage diagnosis, which is critical for the success of inexpensive treatments as opposed to the high costs of managing the disease. The integration of immunoassays with read out circuitry allows the implementation of diagnostic devices for their use by untrained personnel, without compromising reliability. In the following chapter, three different biosensors based on lab-on-a-chip (LoC) and microfluidic technologies were designed, assembled and tested for pathogen diagnosis. The devices allowed the effective detection of the human papilloma virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Chagas parasite in shorter times and with smaller sample volumes than those required by current clinical diagnosis techniques. All devices were benchmarked against commercial techniques in terms of cost and time requirement per test.
Biosensor-Based Microfluidic Platforms for Rapid Clinical Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria
2024
Pathogenic bacteria are commonly found in food, water, and soil, posing significant public health challenges globally. Therefore, early, rapid, and highly sensitive strategies for monitoring the bacterial proliferation are crucial for ensuring public health, medical diagnosis, and food safety. Compared to traditional techniques, microfluidic platforms provide powerful detective tools characterized by high integration, high throughput, ease of operation, low reagent consumption, and high sensitivity. Driven by substantial commercial demand, research and development in microfluidic-based rapid detection methods and technologies has progressed significantly derived by the interdisciplinary integration of multiple disciplines. In this review, progress in clinical detection of pathogenic bacteria with microfluidic biosensors, including microfluidic devices for point-of-care (POC) testing, is summarized. Strategies for pathogenic bacteria detection, containing their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in detail. Advanced platforms for capturing and detecting pathogenic bacteria, such as microchannels, microarrays, digital microfluidics (DMF) and paper-based platforms, are highlighted. The accomplishments and shortcomings of these microfluidic devices are also summarized. Additionally, case studies of biosensor-based microfluidic devices used for detecting diseases caused by bacterial imbalances are listed. Finally, possible research perspectives for further development in highly effective biosensor-based microfluidics for clinical detection of pathogenic bacteria are proposed.
Point-of-care microfluidic devices for pathogen detection
Biosensors & bioelectronics, 2018
The rapid diagnosis of pathogens is crucial in the early stages of treatment of diseases where the choice of the correct drug can be critical. Although conventional cell culture-based techniques have been widely utilized in clinical applications, newly introduced optical-based, microfluidic chips are becoming attractive. The advantages of the novel methods compared to the conventional techniques comprise more rapid diagnosis, lower consumption of patient sample and valuable reagents, easy application, and high reproducibility in the detection of pathogens. The miniaturized channels used in microfluidic systems simulate interactions between cells and reagents in microchannel structures, and evaluate the interactions between biological moieties to enable diagnosis of microorganisms. The overarching goal of this review is to provide a summary of the development of microfluidic biochips and to comprehensively discuss different applications of microfluidic biochips in the detection of pa...
Biosensors
Better diagnostics are always essential for the treatment and prevention of a disease. Existing technologies for detecting infectious and non-infectious diseases are mostly tedious, expensive, and do not meet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) ASSURED (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to end user) criteria. Hence, more accurate, sensitive, and faster diagnostic technologies that meet the ASSURED criteria are highly required for timely and evidenced-based treatment. Presently, the diagnostics industry is finding interest in microfluidics-based biosensors, as this integration comprises all qualities, such as reduction in the size of the equipment, rapid turnaround time, possibility of parallel multiple analysis or multiplexing, etc. Microfluidics deal with the manipulation/analysis of fluid within micrometer-sized channels. Biosensors comprise biomolecules immobilized on a physicochemical transducer for the detection ...
Integrated On-Chip Microfluidic Immunoassay for Rapid Biomarker Detection
Procedia Engineering, 2016
Infectious diseases remain a major health concern in many parts of the developing world, where access to adequate health care and modern diagnostic tools are absent. Current diagnostic technologies like ELISA and PCR require large sample volumes, bulky, expensive instrumentation, highly trained personnel, long experimental time, and a modern infrastructure that developing countries lack. Hence, portable, low cost tools would be a huge first step towards making accurate diagnostics available to a wider range of patients worldwide. In this work, we present a portable, microfluidic platform, controlled via a smartphone application, that requires no external pumping and is capable of rapid (within 18 minutes) 6-step colorimetric detection of an array of vaccinia virus proteins spotted on a nitrocellulose pad. We envision this platform as a first step to a fully integrated, portable immunoassay that can be used to expand global healthcare.
On-chip microfluidic biosensor for bacterial detection and identification
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2007
In this paper, we have developed a simple and rapid method for the detection and identification of bacteria using a microfluidic lab-chip. The microfluidic chip utilizes impedance-based measurement to (1) detect cells and identify them when used in conjunction with immobilized monoclonal antibodies. Bacteria in suspension passing through the microfluidic chamber are recognized by antibodies and selectively immobilized on the functionalized glass surface, thereby increasing the measured impedance within the chamber. Continuous perfusion of bacteria suspension through the derivatized chamber not only identifies specific bacteria but also enhances the chamber's detection sensitivity by accumulating bacteria on the chamber wall over time; this approach would be useful for detecting low concentrations of bacteria. To demonstrate this approach, we showed that the prototype sensor could detect 9 × 10 5 CFU mL −1 E. coli (BL21(DE3)) in the solution by consecutive perfusions. The chip sensitivity with immobilized bacteria is governed by height of sensing chamber, and ∼10 4 CFU mL −1 of E. coli could easily be detected when a shallower chamber (2 m high) was used. The selectivity of the sensor was tested using a suspension of two bacterial strains, E. coli and M. catarrhalis. The sensor chip is simple to use, requires minuscule samples, and eliminates extensive cell culture processes. Development of more advanced lab-chips with multiple chambers containing different antibodies that allow simultaneous detection of different bacteria strains will be a natural extension of this work.
Microfluidic devices for sample preparation and rapid detection of foodborne pathogens
Biotechnology advances
Rapid detection of foodborne pathogens at an early stage is imperative for preventing the outbreak of foodborne diseases, known as serious threats to human health. Conventional bacterial culturing methods for foodborne pathogen detection are time consuming, laborious, and with poor pathogen diagnosis competences. This has prompted researchers to call the current status of detection approaches into question and leverage new technologies for superior pathogen sensing outcomes. Novel strategies mainly rely on incorporating all the steps from sample preparation to detection in miniaturized devices for online monitoring of pathogens with high accuracy and sensitivity in a time-saving and cost effective manner. Lab on chip is a blooming area in diagnosis, which exploits different mechanical and biological techniques to detect very low concentrations of pathogens in food samples. This is achieved through streamlining the sample handling and concentrating procedures, which will subsequently...