Extraction and Comparative Characterization of Oils from Edible Seeds of Glycine max and Sesamum indicum (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Chemical and Biological Sciences, 2019
This research work presents the extraction and physicochemical, phytochemical and vitamins characterization of oil from seed of Sesame indica. The oil was extracted by soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane as the solvent. Results from the physicochemical analysis showed Oil content (49±1.41 %), acid value (0.48±0.04 mg KOH/g), free fatty acid (0.24±0.02 mg KOH/g), Peroxide value (7.73±0.39 mEq./Kg), Saponification value (190±1.41 mg KOH/g), Iodine value (109.5±9.19 gI 2 /100g), Specific gravity (0.919±0.01), five phytochemicals tested include alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, total phenols and saponins had the following quantities 134.80 ± 0.28, 14.12 ± 1.32, 62.14 ± 0.10, 192.49 ± 4.45 and 40.82 ± 1.21 mg/g respectively. Vitamin analysis showed vitamin A was 10.59 ± 0.14 (mg/g), Vitamin D content was 12915.2 ± 104.3 (µg/100g) and Vitamin E content was 132.5 ± 0.31 (µg/100g). This study showed that the sesame seed oil is a good source of vitamin and could be useful as food supplement and industry.
The proximate, phytochemical and mineral compositions of the seeds, leaves, root and whole plant of Sesame indicum were evaluated. The present study also assessed physicochemical characteristics of the oil extracted from the seeds. The root contains appreciable levels of moisture (6.60 ± 4.39%), crude fibre (12.80 ± 8.53%) and total carbohydrate (67.90 ± 45.26%), whereas the whole plant, seeds and the leaves had the lowest moisture (4.22 ± 2.81%), crude fibre (6.60 ± 4.39%), and total carbohydrate (56.37 ± 37.59%). The protein content was highest (21.44 ± 14.29%) in the whole plant, followed by leaves (19.25 ±12.83%) but was lowest in the root (7.88 ± 5.25%). The various parts of the plant showed noticeable amount of ash content (9.62-4.82%), as well as lipids (38.54-4.54%). The seed exhibited highest value of food energy (662.30 ± 441.53%) and lipid (38.54 ± 25.69%). S. indicum was found to be a good source of calcium and potassium in various parts investigated. The percentage flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins of the samples were between the range of 16.20-4.80, 10.04-1.96 and 3.32-1.18%, respectively. The extracted seed-oil showed good physicochemical properties of acidic (2.48 mgKOH/g), iodine (1.27 gT2/100 g) and saponification values (1.8 7 mgKOH/g) with dark brown colour and aromatic odour. The overall results of this study imply that the various parts of S. indicum possess nutritional values to meet the needs of the less privileged people.
Journal of Scientific Research and Reports
Aims: To extract and characterize oils from Glycine max L. (soya bean seed), Elaeis guineensis (palm kernel seed) and Cocos nucifera (coconut) using ethanol and n-Hexane. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Industrial Chemistry, Renaissance University, Ugbawka, between December 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: Using Soxhlet extraction method, the milled seed samples (soya bean, coconut and palm kernel) were bagged and extracted with accurately measured quantity of each solvent (n-Hexane and Ethanol). Physicochemical analysis which includes: Acid values, iodine value, free fatty acid (% oleic) and saponification value was carried out on the extracted oil. Results: The percentage oil yield from ethanol extracts were 8.58% (8.58 g), 26.01% (26.01 g) and 31.21% (31.21 g) for soya bean, coconut and palm kernel respectively while that of n-Hexane extracts were 14.69% (14.69 g), 31.85% (31.85 g) and 45.28% (45.28 g), due to the fact that 100 g of the milled sample was used. Free fat...
Fatty acid composition and bioactivity of Sesbania sesban seed oil
Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge
Fatty acid composition and bioactivity of Sesbania sesban seed oils were analyzed. Seeds were milled by a domestic mixer at medium speed to obtain mixture containing germ and endosperm with seed coat. Germ (42.48%), Crude endosperm (26.22%) and seed coat (11.33%) were separated and whole seed along with seed parts subjected to extraction process by hot and cold method with petroleum ether. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in seed oils were determined and analyzed using Gas-liquid chromatography in which palmitic acid was found in endosperm oil (50.51%) and seed coat oil (30.65%) by cold extraction. Oleic acid was found in seed oil (48.22%) and in germ oil (46.87%) extracted by cold but lower in oils obtained by hot method. Linoleic acid content was found higher in oils extracted by hot extraction. Antioxidant activity was also done of oil from seed and their parts by different methods in which maximum inhibition shown by seed oil 55.45% at 100 μg/mL and minimum in endosperm oil 0.37% at all concentration from hot and cold method, which was significantly different at p<0.05 in the same column.The antimicrobial activity of seed oil was determined by disc diffusion method and the seed coat and whole seed extracted by cold extraction showed significant anti-bacterial activity. Studies reveal the potentiality of seed oil as an alternative source as/in edibles and also prospects the analysed oils of seed parts with useful bioactive markers for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmetics.
Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2011
The present study was carried out to determine the fatty acid composition of the black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) samples obtained from total ten different regions of Turkey, Iran and Syria and the comparison of variations in species. The fatty acid compositions of black cumin samples were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The main fatty acids of the fixed oil were linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. The lowest linoleic acid content (54.32%) is found to be in Kutahya Tavsanli. Additionally, the highest linoleic acid content (70.81%) is found to be in Iran. Palmitic acid is mostly found in samples obtained from Konya Karakaya and Konya Seydisehir and the palmitic acid, contributing approximately 8.23 to 13.34% to the total palmitic acid content. According to the results, fatty acid composition of the black cumin is significantly varied depending on each species. Black cumin oil or extract has protective and curative actions. Black cumin oil is considered as one among newer sources of edible oils, thanks to its important role in human nutrition and health. In this study, terms of fatty acids from some of the local varieties has come to the fore. For example, omega-6 Iran (70.81%), Omega-9 and palmitic acid Karakaya of Konya, saturated fatty acid (SFA); 27.87% for Tavsanli of Kutahya local varieties can be considered. These results indicated that the black cumin oil is a functional food because of the high unsaturated fatty acid values and could be used as natural agents in animal and human nutrition.
Extraction and physicochemical analysis of some selected seed oils
International Journal of Advanced Chemistry, 2014
Oil was extracted from the seeds of groundnut, melon and Moringa oleifera. The physicochemical properties of groundnut oil, melon oil and moringa oil were determined. The acid value obtained was 9.76 mgKOH/g, 7.85 mgKOH/g and 1.91 mgKOH/g for moringa, melon and groundnut oil respectively. The Iodine value was found to be 35.85 mg/g, 83.75 mg/g and 59.64 mg/g for moringa, melon and groundnut oil respectively. The Peroxide values were moringa oil - 13.80 meq/kg, melon oil - 5.60 meq/kg and groundnut oil - 10.80 meq/kg. Unsaponifiable matter values were moringa oil - 8.59 g/kg, melon oil - 2.18 g/kg, groundnut oil - 5.77 g/kg while the saponifica-tion values were moringa oil - 155.68 mgKOH/g, melon oil - 180.92 mgKOH/g and groundnut oil - 168.30 mgKOH/g. The volatile mat-ter in the oils was found to be 0.06. 0.07 And 0.04 in groundnut, melon and moringa oil respectively. All the oils were pale yellow in colour and liquids at room temperature. The results obtained from the physicochemical characterization of the oils shows that moringa oleifera seed oil compares favourably with the other oils and has high potentials for use both as domestic oil and as industrial oil.
2023
Food security is now a threat to Egypt's economy. Egypt relies on large quantities of imports of edible oil. Securing those supplies led Egypt to become one of the top 10 importers of edible oils in the world. This work aimed to investigate the Silybum Marianum seeds (SMS) as a potential novel source of edible oil. Fatty acids composition, physicochemical characteristics, selected bioactive components and nutritional quality of SMS coldpressed oil (SMSO) were examined. The results showed that SMS is a promising source of crude fat (28.04%). USFAs quantitatively accounted for 82.89% of total fatty acids, with linoleic (C18:2) being the most abundant (50.31%), followed by oleic (C18:1) at 31.76%. Unfortunately, only 0.28% represented linolenic (C18:3). The physicochemical characteristics of SMSO were in accordance with Egyptian Standards for vegetable edible oils. SMSO contained a wide range of bioactive components including silymarin 2530.79 mg/100g, αtocopherol 307.84 mg/100g, β-carotene 30.52 mg/100g, total phenolic content 2165.83 mg GAE/100g and flavonoids 837.86 mg QE/100g. SMSO exhibited valuable nutritional quality indicators represented in the low (atherogenic and thrombogenic) indices and the high (PUFAs/SFAs, USFAs/SFAs, and hypocholesterolemic/ hypercholesterolemic) rations, while ω6/ω3 ratio was far from the recommended values. From the nutritional standpoint, SMSO is a strong candidate to serve as a functional ingredient of the human diet, whether used alone or blended with oils that are rich in ω-3 PUFAs to achieve a wide spectrum of nutritional and health benefits. Based on the obtained results, milk thistle should be cultivated extensively as an innovative resource of oil to boost edible oil self-sufficiency in Egypt.
Properties of Vegetable Oils from Three Underutilized Indigenous Seeds
Global Journal of Pharmacology, 2015
Investigation into the vegetable oil properties of four seeds used in south eastern part of Nigeria revealed that Mucuna sloanei, Brachystegia nigerica and Deutarium microcarpum have 6.25%, 7.91% and 7.41% oil contents respectively. Deutarium microcarpum has moisture content of 5.80%, Brachystegia nigerica 4.30%, Mucuna sloanei 4.07% and Afzelia africana 2.80%. The acid value ranged from 0.20 for Deutarium microcarpum to 4.90 mgKOH/g for Mucuna sloanei. The free fatty acid content ranged from 2.60 for Detarium microcarpum to 14.00% in Brachystegia nigerica. The saponification value of Mucuna sloanei, Brachystegia nigerica and Detarium microcarpum were 182.00, 162.90 and 123.3 mgKOH/g respectively while the iodine values were found to be less than 100. Mucuna sloanei was found to be composed of 67.12% palmitic acid, 6.19% myristic acid and 4.71% myristoleic acid. The fatty acid profile of Brachystegia nigerica revealed 52.36% palmitic acid, 18.09% oleic acid, 14.12% stearic acid, 4.08% myristic acid and 1.46% lauric acid. Detarium microcarpum contained 6.86% myristoleic acid, 5.87% myristic acid and 2.28% linolenic acid. These results were further confirmed by the iodine values of the samples. Mucuna sloanei, Brachystegia nigerica and Detarium microcarpum had 6.79, 25.70 and 55.00 (Wij's) respectively. This result revealed that the vegetable oils may find useful application in the industries in the areas of soap manufacture, fuel and biodiesel production and edible vegetable.
Journal of Plant Development
Nutritional and extractable oil profile in seeds of Sesamum indicum L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. were investigated using standard biochemical procedures. Proximate analysis revealed % crude protein contents of 24.32% in S. indicum while M. oleifera had 27.66%. Crude lipid contents were analyzed and 47.78% was obtained in S. indicum while 28.87% was obtained in M. oleifera. Crude carbohydrate analysis revealed S. indicum with 37.89% while in M. oleifera, it was 34.51%. Crude fibre obtained was 11.32% in S. indicum while 9.37% was identified in M. oleifera. Higher ash content of 9.13% was obtained in M. oleifera while 7.62% was obtained in S. indicum. Available energy (k/cal.) was analyzed in the samples with obtained values in S. indicum 692.22 k/cal. While M. oleifera had 545.91 k/cal. With significant difference (P=0.05) between the two species in terms of available energy (k/cal.). Results of extractable oil profile of S. indicum and M. oleifera revealed appreciable amounts of the...