Prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women of the central Sudan (original) (raw)
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Seroprevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among pregnant women in eastern Sudan
Journal of Infection and Public Health, 2011
We conducted a cross-sectional survey to determine the prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among pregnant women attending a major hospital in Kassala state, eastern Sudan. Unlinked anonymous testing of residual blood specimens, which were originally collected for other routine clinical purposes, was performed using rapid immunochromatographic assays. In total, 430 residual blood specimens were consecutively collected over a 6-week period (April–May 2010). Specimens from the antenatal clinic (ANC) constituted 50.7% (218/430) of the total whereas specimens from the labour ward accounted for the remaining 49.3% (212/430). The median age of pregnant women was 29 years (range 16–40). The prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 0.23% (1/430) [95% confidence interval = 0.01–1.29%]. The only reactive specimen came from a 20-year-old ANC attendee. We report low HIV prevalence among pregnant women in eastern Sudan but further research is needed to confirm our findings. An integrated framework to diagnose and treat maternal HIV infection should be developed in order to prevent transmission to infants.
Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy at Gadarif hospital, Eastern Sudan
Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2016
This was a prospective study conducted on all pregnant and parturient women attending Gadarif Maternity Hospital, Sudan from January 2009 to December 2013 to investigate the maternal characteristics, pregnancy outcomes and estimate of maternal to child transmission of HIV among HIV infected women. During the study period, there were 26 HIV positive mothers among 6420 tested women yielding an incidence rate of 0.4%. The majority of these 26 infected women were of urban residence (69.2%), presented with normal CD4+ T cell count; ? 350\cu. mm3 (96.2%), had less than secondary education (57.7%) and housewives (84.6%). The mean age (SD) was significantly varied between the sero-positive and sero-negative women, 25.9 (5.7) vs. 36.1 (5.7), p = <0.001. More proportion of infected women had maternal anaemia and gave preterm birth, and none of the newborn babies was HIV infected until the age of 96 weeks. It is thus HIV infected women in eastern Sudan were young and likely desire more chil...
Prevalence of HIVAIDS among Pregnant Women in Some Selected Hospitals in.pdf
The study examined the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in three selected hospitals in Port Harcourt namely; military hospital, St. Margaret maternity home and El-Joe dam specialist hospital. This study was aimed at determining the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The population of the study was all the pregnant women that registered for antenatal at the three selected hospitals. The sample size was 400 randomly selected. 300 pregnant women were sampled at Military hospital, 50 each at St. Margaret maternity home and EL-Joe dam specialist hospital. The "prevalence of HIV /AIDS a close-ended questionnaire" used to collect data. The results were tabulated. The blood sample for the test was collected by vein puncture into EDTA. The confirmatory test was done using ELISA, PCR and western blot Methods. A relatively high number of seropositive women fell in the age brackets of 30-34 which is 42.11% years while the least prevalence was between the ages of 20-24 years. Out of the four hundred (400) subjects screened thirty-eight seropositve which can be translated to a prevalence of 9.5% in Port Harcourt. The research work indicates that there is high HIV prevalence among pregnant women more especially during their sexual active age. The finding of this work is not at variance with work done in other parts of the world, based on the literature review. The research work indicates that there is HIV prevalence among pregnant women.
Study Design and Objective: prevalence of HIV infection among Sudanese pregnant women Methods: (ELISA) were used to detect asymptomatic pregnant women attended the hospi Results: Conclusions: ABSTRACT Study Design and Objective: this was a descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to prevalence of HIV infection among Sudanese pregnant women at Omdurman Military Hospital. Methods: the Immuno Chromatographic Test (ICT) and the Enzyme (ELISA) were used to detect the specific HIV Antigens and antibodies in the serum of 100 asymptomatic pregnant women attended the hospital. Results: only one woman (1%) showed positive result of HIV on both ICT and ELISA. Conclusions: ELISA is more specific than ICT forconfirming the diagnosis of HIV.
South Sudan Medical Journal
Introduction: The HIV/AIDS scourge remains a major public health threat in South Sudan particularly to the unborn children due to vertical transmission. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HIV among pregnant mothers receiving antenatal care (ANC) services at Kator Primary Healthcare Centre in Juba. Method: The study used a cross-sectional design in which systematically selected ANC records of January to June 2021 were collected and analyzed using SPSS Version 16.0. Fisher’s exact values were obtained to test for significance. Results: The HIV prevalence rate among pregnant mothers receiving ANC services at Kator PHCC was 2.25%. The modal age group was 21-25 years. HIV prevalence was highest among mothers who attained primary education or less, urban dwellers and married mothers in their 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: HIV prevalence among pregnant mothers receiving ANC services at Kator PHCC in Juba is comparable to the national average.
Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Pregnant Women
International Journal of Women's Health
Background: While the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus shows a decreasing trend globally, it is reported that the frequency of the infection and the associated mortality has increased in Somalia. HIV infection also plays an important role in maternal mortality and morbidity. Objective: It is aimed to determine the HIV prevalence in pregnant women by observing the general population. Methods: It was a quantitative, retrospective study conducted to examine the records of anti-HIV antibody test results of all patients. The sample size was calculated as 664 with a 99% confidence interval (CI) and a 5% margin of error. Anti-HIV results of selected patients in the electronic database were obtained. Mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values were calculated for the age. Percentages were calculated for prevalence. Results: A total of 7959 pregnant were tested and 17 pregnants were found to be positive (0.2%). The results of 199,936 patients were analyzed. A total of 699 patients were found to be positive (0.3%). Of the 699 positive cases, 293 (41.9) were female and 406 (58.1%) were male. HIV seroprevalence in men and women was 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Within the scope of WHO's global HIV elimination goal, Somalia needs effective national and international initiatives.
Prevalence of HIV in pregnant women identified with a risk factor at a tertiary care hospital
2009
BACKGROUND HIV is an epidemic quite unlike any other, combining the problems of a lifelong medical disease with immense social, psychological, economic and public health consequences. Since we are living in a global village where human interactions has become fast and frequent, diseases like HIV are no more alien to us. HIV/AIDS in Pakistan is slowly gaining recognition as a public health issue of great importance. Objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of HIV in pregnant women identified with a high risk factor/behaviour at a tertiary care hospital. It is a Descriptive study. METHOD All pregnant women attending antenatal booking clinic were assessed via a pre-designed 'Risk assessment questionnaire'. Women identified with a risk factor were offered HIV Rapid screening test (Capillus HIV1/2). Positive (reactive) results on screening test were confirmed with ELISA. RESULTS During the study period (March 2007-May 2008), out of 5263 antenatal bookings 785 (14...
2014
Background: HIV is the causative agent of AIDS. In 2009, there were approximately 2.2 million new infections in adults; nearly 1million of them were in East-South Africa. The HIV indicator in South Sudan shows that the HIV prevalence estimate for the country is 3.1% making the estimated people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) to be 155,000. The HIV epidemic is likely to grow worse due to existence of several factors that favor the transmission of the disease (AIDS) in South Sudan. These include the lack of access to HIV prevention and care service, lack of awareness among the communities, polygamy, wife inheritance and traditional malpractices. This study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of HIV and other STDs among pregnant women in Malakal Town and to determine the risk factors associated with disease transmission. Material and Methods: A total of 1200 pregnant women were recruited in this study. From each subject under study, 2-3 milliliters of venous blood, cervical swab and urine specimen were collected. The blood specimens were allowed to clot, and then centrifuged to separate sera which were tested for HIV by Determine HIV 1 / 2, Uni-Gold HIV 1 / 2, and confirmed by ELISA. Syphilis was tested for sera by RPR. The urine and cervical swab were tested T.vaginalis, candida and N.gonorrhea, using wet preparation, Gram's stain then culture on Modified New York City (MNYC) Medium. Results: The overall prevalence of the studied STDs among pregnant women was as follows:
HIV incidence among pregnant and postpartum women in a high prevalence setting
PLOS ONE
In sub-Saharan Africa, most women who test HIV negative at the first antenatal care encounter are rarely tested again during pregnancy and postpartum, yet data suggests that pregnancy is associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition compared to non-pregnant women. We describe HIV incidence during pregnancy and postpartum in Lesotho, a high prevalence setting, and factors associated with HIV seroconversion. We enrolled a cohort of HIV negative women presenting at health facilities for antenatal care and followed them through delivery up to 24 months postpartum. Women were repeatedly tested for HIV according to the Lesotho Ministry of Health routine rapid HIV testing guidelines and responded to risk behavior questionnaire every three months. We estimated HIV incidence and associated 95% confidence intervals. We used mixed effects Cox regression models to identify independent factors associated with seroconversion accounting for repeated assessment. The estimated overall HIV incidence rate was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.05-2.28) per 100 person-years. The estimated HIV incidence rate during pregnancy (2.61 per 100 person-years, 95% CI: 1.12-5.14) was almost double the estimated HIV incidence during postpartum (1.36 per 100 person-years, 95% CI: 0.83-2.10). Women's age (14-24 years compared to 25-45 years), multiple sexual partnerships, urethral discharge and no condoms nor pre-exposure prophylaxis were independently associated with HIV infection. There is an increased need for counseling and support of HIV-uninfected pregnant and breastfeeding women to stay HIV-negative, including provision of pre-exposure prophylaxis during this high-risk period, particularly among adolescent and young women.
BMC Women's Health, 2022
Background: The burden of HIV is disproportionately higher among women of reproductive age contributing more than half of the global share. The situation in Ethiopia is not exceptional. The present study was done to determine the proportion of HIV among pregnant women in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Method: Institutions-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2020 to December 2020. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 538 study participants from pregnant women who had ANC followup in Referral Hospitals of the Amhara Regional State. Data on socio-demographic, clinical, obstetric, behavioral as well as psychosocial characteristics were gathered using an interviewer administered structured and standardized instruments. The data was entered into Epi-Data Manager V4.6.0.0 and exported to STATA version 14 for data analyses. Descriptive statics were computed to summarize the participant's characteristics. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the association between dependent and independent variables. Independent variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant at 95% confidence level (CI). Results: The proportion of HIV infection among pregnant women was 8.68% (95% CI: 6.5, 11.4). Completing secondary school education (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.04-0.53), graduated from college (AOR = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01-0.22), and family monthly income greater than 8001 ETB (1 USD = 56 ETB) (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04-0.87) were protective factors associated with maternal HIV. On the other hand, history of previous abortion (AOR = 7.73; 95% CI: 3.33-17.95) and positive syphilis status (AOR = 10.28; 95% CI: 2.80-37.62) were risk factors associated with maternal HIV status. Conclusion: The proportion of HIV infection among pregnant women was found to be high. Advanced level of education, relatively higher monthly income, history of abortion and previous syphilis status were associated factors with HIV status. Strengthening women's formal education; empowering women in all spheres of life (especially improving their economic standing that prevents women from engaging in risky sexual practices); educating women about HIV transmission methods and HIV prevention and control strategies using behavior change intervention strategy