Humoral immune response induced by various foot and mouth disease vaccines in buffalo calves (original) (raw)
Related papers
Vaccine, 2014
Immunity to currently used oil-adjuvanted inactivated vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been studied in detail in adult animals; however, the influence of maternally derived antibodies transferred through colostrum (Mat-Abs) in the immune responses of vaccinated calves is less clear. Here, we report the anti-FMDV humoral responses elicited in calves with or without Mat-Abs that received one or two doses of the current tetravalent oil-adjuvanted commercial vaccine used in Argentina. Anti-FMDV (O1/Campos strain) antibodies (Abs) were evaluated by Liquid Phase Blocking ELISA (LPB-ELISA), virus neutralization test (VNT), isotype ELISA (IgG1, IgG2 and IgM) and avidity ELISA, to allow for the first time a more detailed description of the humoral responses elicited. Our results show that primary IgM responses to FMDV vaccination only became evident as Mat-Abs titers decreased. Likewise, prime and boost vaccination schedules, applied 35 days apart to groups of calves with high or low levels of Mat-Abs, showed that the levels of preexisting neutralizing Mat-Abs prevented the loss of total Abs measured by LPB-ELISA but negatively interfered with the induction of virus neutralizing responses. Altogether, these findings indicate that comprehensive serological characterization of immune responses generated after vaccination in calves may reveal important information on the actual effectiveness of vaccination strategies for young animals, particularly in endemic settings.
Indian journal of experimental biology, 2004
Humoral immune response was evaluated by monitoring the serum antibody titres and virus specific IgM titres against Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus antigens in serum samples obtained from different groups of calves inoculated with combined vaccine or FMD vaccine alone, on 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 56 days post-vaccination (DPV). The cellular immune response was monitored by MTT based lymphoproliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. Higher liquid phase blocking (LPB) ELISA antibody titres were observed in calves receiving combined vaccine as compared to calves immunized with FMD vaccine alone with the peak titres in both the groups obtained on 21 days post-vaccination. However, the virus specific IgM titres were significantly higher in group of calves inoculated with combined vaccine than FMD vaccine alone. The lymphoproliferative responses against FMDV types O, A22 and Asia 1 in the groups receiving combined vaccine and FMD vaccine alone started increasing gradua...
Seroprevalence of Foot-And-Mouth Disease and Protective Antibody Titre Against It in Buffaloes
Buffalo Bulletin, 2014
Liquid phase blocking (LPB) ELISA is approved for the screening of sera samples after vaccination and non-structural protein (NSP) ELISA for confi rmation of infection regardless of vaccination status of animals. In the present study sera samples from 300 buffalo were used to screen for both protective and NSP antibody titre against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. Overall, 6.67% buffalo were infected with FMD whereas 10.67% had suspicion level of titre against the disease. However, protective antibody titre against O, A and Asia-1 serotypes were respectively, 62.67%, 20.00% and 48.00%. Among the breeds, a greater number of Murrah had protective antibody titre against different serotypes of FMD virus (FMDV) namely O, A and Asia-1 than other breeds of buffalo. Comparison of protective antibody titre and doubtful titre of NSP antibody between male and female showed that the proportion of female buffaloes had higher in both protective antibody and titre against NSP in doubtful status. However, no cases of infection were detected in male animals but 9.62% female buffalo were infected with FMD. Similarly, in the age groups of 0-<4 years and ≥8 years, no cases of FMD infection were established, but 8.20% buffaloes in the age group of 4-<8 years was infected. Proportion of buffaloes that had protective antibody titre was highest in the age group of 0-<4 years followed by 4-<8 years and ≥8 years. Breed, sex and age of buffaloes infl uenced the protective antibody titre (p<0.01) against different serotypes of FMDV except for serotype A in breeds and age groups of animals (P>0.01).
Journal of Hygiene, 1984
SUMMARYStudies were carried out in South America to assess the effect of maternally derived antibody (MDA) on the responsiveness of calves to FMD vaccination. It was found that calves with MDA did not merely fail to respond to vaccination, but that their serum titres were depressed. This depression was proportional to the level of pre-existing MDA at the time of vaccination and following primary vaccination it persisted for a least 60 days. High MDA titres interfered with both primary and secondary responses. Animals with relatively low MDA titres were able to respond to vaccination, or at least to be sensitized so that on revaccination they showed a satisfactory response. The half-life of MDA was shown to be approximately 22 days, suggesting that under field conditions significant MDA titres are likely to persist for 4–5 months. A trial carried out in Brazil in which the primary course of two inoculations, 4 weeks apart, was initiated when the calves were 5–6 months of age, resulte...
Journal of Veterinary Science
Foot-and-mouth disease is one of the most important viral diseases of cloven-hoofed animals. Mass vaccination is an effective method to control the disease and is frequently utilized in endemic regions. Sufficient protection of young animals is important in mass vaccination campaigns. Maternal antibodies negatively affect the success of vaccination. Hence, determination of the optimal vaccination age is crucial for the uninterrupted protection of young animals. This study was performed to identify the effect of vaccine potency and booster administration on serum neutralizing antibody titers of calves with different levels of maternal antibodies. Calves (n = 111) on a state farm were used in this study. Oil adjuvant foot-and-mouth disease vaccines with 3 PD50 and 6 PD50 potencies were used with or without booster administration. Serum samples were collected each month up to day 120 postvaccination. Virus neutralization tests were used to measure the serum neutralizing antibody titers and estimate the protection period by using predetermined cutoff values for protection. The results revealed that a vaccination with a 6 PD50 potency vaccine, preferably followed by a booster dose, should be used to overcome maternal immunity for incessant protection.
2023
Twelve apparently healthy and recently parturiated Murrah buffaloes, vaccinated with Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) + Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) combined vaccine at an organized farm along with their newborn calves were inducted for detection of antibodies in serum and colostrum against FMD virus (FMDV) serotypes O, A and Asia-1, and Pasteurella multocida using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The calves born to vaccinated dams showed the presence of protective maternal antibody titre (≥1.8 log 10) from birth till the period of study (16 th week of age) against FMDV serotypes O, A and Asia-1. The maternal antibody titre against P. multocida were protective (≥1.8 log 10) till fifth day of age which became partially protective thereafter till the period of study. It is recommended to avoid vaccination of the calves before 16 th week of age with FMD+HS combined vaccine.
Vaccine, 2006
There has been much debate about the use of the so-called "vaccinate-to-live" policy for the control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Europe, according to which, spread of the FMD virus (FMDV) from future outbreaks could be controlled by a short period of "emergency" vaccination of surrounding herds, reducing the need for large-scale pre-emptive culling of at-risk animals. Since vaccinated animals may become subclinically infected with FMDV following challenge exposure, it is necessary to either remove all vaccinates (vaccinate-to-kill) or to detect and remove vaccinates in which virus is circulating or has established persistent infections (vaccinate-to-live), in order to rapidly regain the most favoured trading status of FMD-free without vaccination. The latter approach can be supported by testing vaccinated animals for the presence of antibodies to certain non-structural proteins (NSP) of FMDV, which are induced by infection with the virus, but not by vaccination with purified FMD vaccines. Using test sensitivity and specificity data established at a recent workshop on NSP assays [Brocchi E, Bergmann I, Dekker A, Paton DJ, Sammin DJ, Greiner M, et al. Comparative performance of six ELISAs for antibodies to the non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease. Vaccine, in press], this paper examines the ways in which serological testing with NSP ELISAs can be used and interpreted and the effect that this will have on the confidence with which freedom from infection can be demonstrated within guidelines specified by the World Animal Health Organisation and the European Commission. (D.J. Paton). within a week after the onset of disease following the appearance of virus-specific antibodies. However, virus may persist in the oesophago-pharyngeal region of ruminant species and if this continues beyond 28 days after infection, the animals are termed viral carriers. Although the level of persisting virus is low and the evidence that carriers can transmit infection to others is equivocal, carriers are still considered a potential but unquantified risk for the spread of infection .
Journal of Applied Animal Research
- Alternatives for the serological assessment of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine immunity in buffaloes (ABSTRACT Buffaloes are compulsory vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in many countries as part of the official control programmes. Serological testing aimed to indirectly assess herd immunity is currently performed using the same Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) applied for bovine sera, assuming an agreement between the ELISA's diagnostic results and those obtained using the virus neutralization test (VNT). Here we evaluated the accuracy of different ELISA tests to assess vaccine-induced antibodies against FMDV in buffalo's sera classified according to their VNT titres. Currently used liquid-phase blocking ELISA yielded very low specificity, producing high titres for many samples with low VNT titres. To increase specificity, we developed an indirect ELISA using purified 140S viral particles and an avidity single-dilution ELISA, which includes a urea washing step after the incubation of the diluted serum sample, to detach weak binders. Combining these two highthroughput single-dilution tests, an excellent concordance with VNT was achieved. This is the first study analysing the diagnostic agreement of traditional and novel serological tests with VNT for the indirect assessment of antibodies against FMDV capsid proteins in buffalo serum samples.
Neutralizing Antibody Response in Cattle Following Vaccination against Foot-and-Mouth Disease
450 paired serum samples were taken before and after administration of an inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, containing A-Mardabad and O1 virus strains analyzed for presence of neutralizing antibodies. Serum neutralization tests were performed in BA cell culture employing equal volume of serial twofold dilutions of each of the previously inactivated serum against 100 TCID 50 of each virus strain. The results showed that 93.99% and 95.54% of tested sera did not have a protective level of neutralizing antibodies (titer of 16 or more) against A-Mardabad and O1 strains, respectively. A good increase in the antibody titers was observed in 85.36% and 90% of the vaccinated cattle against the field strains of the above mentioned viruses, respectively. This study indicates that the footand-mouth disease vaccine, which produced by Razi Vaccine & Serum Institute, is a reliable one to be used for control of the disease in Iran.