Mobile LiDAR System: New Possibilities for the Documentation and Dissemination of Large Cultural Heritage Sites (original) (raw)
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The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2022
In recent decades, the significant advances in digital technologies applied to cultural heritage have led to profound transformations in the activities of protection, conservation and enhancement. A current field of experimentation concerns 'rapid mapping' survey techniques with mobile mapping system (MMS). The use of these methodologies is increasingly widespread for the diagnostic and monitoring phases of the architectures. The potential of these techniques are manifold: these systems record, in a short time, a large number of information with a rather high level of accuracy. In particular, the research presented here has studied an 'innovative' Lidar mobile mapping methodology, NavVis VLX, with experimental perspectives, for the survey of the Cripta of the Cathedral of San Matteo in Salerno (Italy).
Digital photogrammetry and LiDAR: new ideas for cultural heritage metric surveys
In the last few years, LIDAR and image-matching techniques have been employed in many application fields because of their quickness in point cloud generation. Nevertheless, these techniques do not assure complete and reliable results, especially in complex applications such as cultural heritage surveys; furthermore, the use of the data provided by these techniques is limited to experienced users. For this reason, several authors have already suggested how to overcome these problems through a combined use of LIDAR data and image information to reach highly versatile systems and new application potential. However, these works considers the integration as the possibility to share point clouds generated by these techniques but they do not propose a complete and automatic integration. In this paper, a new approach is proposed. This integration is focused on the possibility of overcoming the problems of each technique: LIDAR and multi-image matching techniques combine and share information in order to extract building breaklines in the space, perform the point cloud segmentation and speed up the modelling process in an automatic way. This integration is still an ongoing process: the algorithm workflow and some performed tests on real facades are presented in this paper, in order to evaluate the reliability of the proposed method; finally, an overview on the future developments is offered.
Mobile 3D scan LiDAR: a literature review
Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk
This paper, by critically reviewing different years (from 2010 to 2020) of research activities performed with Mobile Laser Scanning system, aims to review existing systems and how they are exploited in multifaceted domains. To such extent, the work defines five field domains where Mobile Laser Scanning have been used: Built and urban environment, Cultural heritage and Archaeology, Underground environment, Environmental monitoring, Forestry and Agriculture. Besides, this paper sheds the light on the pros and cons for each domain field, providing useful guidelines for those researchers involved in three-dimensional data collection with innovative systems. To achieve these purposes, research papers, were analysed, mainly considering geosciences related journals. The comparison among them revealed that, despite the incredible potential of Mobile Mapping System, the human intervention is still mandatory, and post-processing actions are needed to achieve the desired results, regardless the domain field. Moreover, our study provides insight into the technical and methodological limitations that raise a general scepticism on Mobile Mapping System for three-dimensional surveying, highlighting that in most of cases supplementary data are required to make the final result trustworthy. Such obstacles, hampering Mobile Laser Scanning diffusion, point towards unexplored areas for further investigations, serving as useful guidelines for future research directions.
A new project has been initiated by the State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg for the laminar analysis of LiDAR data in Baden-Württemberg. This project is part of the archaeological prospection system in Baden-Württemberg. New techniques for detection of archaeological structures using special data processing methods on LiDAR data were developed. The focus of this project is on the totality of visible structures presumed to be archaeological sites or at least elements of the historic landscape in LiDAR imagery in the whole state of Baden-Württemberg. Based on the complete high resolution LiDAR data set of the surface of Baden-Württemberg a comprehensive mapping of all potential sites in an area of 35,751km2 is the aim of the three year project.
High Resolution Airborne LiDAR for the Recording of Archaeological Monuments
2011
Within the archaeological community the application of traditional ground based survey techniques for the 3-dimensional recording of monuments has been successful, but with several limitations. Within the past seven years the application of LiDAR technology for the capture of landscape topography data has been used to great effect. However, the accuracy and resolution of height data created using fixed wing sensor platforms does not effectively record the subtle monument features that can be recorded using ground based survey methods. This paper describes the use of the FLI-MAP 400 helicopter LiDAR system in the production of high resolution DTMs and DSMs. Three contrasting archaeological monuments and landscapes were recorded using this technology. This paper describes the data capture, processing and subsequent visualization of the resulting topographic surface models. Finally the economic benefits of employing this technology is discussed in comparison with conventional ground ba...
Multi-Camera Lidar System for Spatial and Temporal Preservation of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2023
Cultural heritage preservation is becoming increasingly important in today's culture and advancements in technology are enabling more effective preservation of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. This paper proposes the development of a system for documenting intangible cultural heritage using multiple calibrated and synchronized LiDAR cameras for immersive and dynamic surveying of complex scenes. The prototype will be assembled using low-cost LiDAR sensors, specifically the Intel ® RealSense™ L515. The system thanks to a higher number of devices will ensure full coverage of the scene to be acquired. The biggest development challenge is represented by the calibration phase, which, if carried out properly, allows the collection of a correctly oriented point cloud from each of the individual devices. The acquired point clouds will be recorded at a frequency of 30 Hz to create a dynamic and timevarying point cloud, which can then be viewed in a virtual reality environment. The affordability of the components used in the system combined with the higher completeness of data will enable the acquisition of scenes, actions, and events with a more comprehensive perspective. The goal is to lay the groundwork for the development of multi-platform and multi-sensor technologies capable of acquiring more data with a higher level of detail in intangible cultural heritage preservation efforts.
2014
Mevlana Dervish Lodge, which is the place from where the ideas of Mevlana that embraces the world with tolerance, love and humanistic values had been spread, is today a museum sheltering the tomb of Mevlana. It is visited by people from all around the world. The Mevlana Museum is the form of a social complex that has many surrounding historical structures. There is no documentation reflecting the current status of structures around the building due to either lack of performance of a detailed documentation or modifications made in time. In this study; kitchen, dervish rooms and historical ablution fountain within the courtyard of the Mevlana Museum have been measured and documented in detail by terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry methods. The laser scanning measurements have been registered consecutively by the iterative closest point (ICP) method, and point cloud model has been composed. Global registration has been applied to point cloud model which has been created in order to decrease the error resulting from the registration consecutively. Then three-dimensional (3D) digital models have been composed by covering the point cloud with texture by the photogrammetric images. Moreover, detail measurements of the object have been provided by composing the inter section of the model with the determined reference plane and digital elevation model has been generated.
Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage
For the protection of cultural heritage, modern techniques have been used alongside traditional methods in recent years. In addition, two modern measurement techniques (Unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanner), which have been the subject of many studies on cultural heritage documentation, the Wearable Mobile Laser Scanner (WMLS) three dimension (3D) data collection technique has started to be used. Especially in cultural heritage documentation, it is essential to obtain accurate and precise data as well as fast and high-quality data. This study includes the visual and statistical comparison of the WMLS measurement method, which enables fast data collection, working with the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm, in terms of accuracy and precision. To assess the accuracy of the three measurement approaches, eighteen (18) checkpoints (ChP) considered absolute values were measured using total-station techniques. With these data, the root m...
Disgenarecon, 2022
The graphic documentation of archaeological heritage has greatly evolved in the last decade thanks to the application of UAS (Unmanned Aerial System). The fast development of these allows for their use as a tool for the documentation of large areas with great efficiency. Furthermore, UAS versatility enables their use with several types of sensor (visible spectrum, multispectral, LiDAR…). In this paper we present the application of two of these sensors (photo camera and LiDAR sensor) carried on UAS platforms to document the archaeological area of the Espique valley (La Peza, Granada), analysing its advantages and inconveniences. On the one hand, we have performed a photogrammetric flight with a DJI Phantom 4 Pro, georeferenced with Ground Control Points through a GNSS system. On the other hand, we have carried out a flight of the same area with a DJI Matrix 300 with a sensor LiDAR CHCNav AA450 as payload. The possibilities of both techniques have been already explored in literature, but mainly with LiDAR systems with lesser density coverages. This type of sensor has undergone a great evolution in the last years, allowing for a more widespread use in Archaeology. The results of this research show the utility of both systems to a fast documentation of vast areas of terrain with a remarkable geometric and topographic quality. However, the LiDAR survey has displayed a better performance on those surfaces with higher vegetation, which hinders the photogrammetric survey. But LiDAR surveying with such number of points per m2 forces the use of automatic or semiautomatic classification algorithms. At the end, they are two complementary techniques that are a great step forward in the quality documentation of cultural heritage.
LiDAR Applications in Archaeology: A Systematic Review
Archaeological Prospection, 2024
In the last two decades, the analysis of data derived from LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology has dramatically changed the investigation and documentation of past cultural landscapes, sometimes revealing monumental architectures and settlement systems totally unknown before. Despite the exponential uptick of case studies, an extensive review of LiDAR applications in archaeology is so far missing. Here, we present a systematic survey of works published in international journals in 2001–2022, with the aim of providing an annotated bibliography on the theme and collect quantitative information about each case study. Data collected allowed to analyse the geographic distribution of LiDAR-based studies, the specifics of acquisitions, the topography and vegetation cover of each study area, the characteristics of the material culture detected, major goals and integrated techniques. The survey considers 291 studies, of which 167 located in Europe, 104 in the Americas and only 20 between Asia, Middle East, Oceania and Africa. Our analysis shows that the impact of LiDAR in archaeological studies was greater in some areas of Europe and North America, where scholars could rely on the availability of open data provided by the institutions. This is testified by the higher number of both case studies and large-scale projects investigating these regions. It also emerges that LiDAR potential largely depends on the characteristics of the material culture, the vegetation cover and data resolution. These factors underlie the outstanding results achieved through LiDAR in tropical rainforests compared to those obtained in temperate areas, such as the Mediterranean, where the outcropping archaeological evidence, albeit vast and widespread, is generally less preserved and obscured by the dense vegetation of the Mediterranean maquis. We conclude that the increasing availability of LiDAR data over vast areas could lead to enormous advances in the investigation, monitoring and protection of the cultural heritage.