Smoking motivators are different among cigarette and waterpipe smokers: The results of ITUPP (original) (raw)
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A characterisation of smokers and factors influencing motivation to stop smoking
Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia (English Edition), 2009
Introdução: O tabaco é actualmente um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública. Desta forma, o conhecimento do perfil do fumador é essencial para poder adequar estratégias de intervenção, sendo fundamental avaliar a sua motivação. Objectivos: Calcular a prevalência de fumadores de quatro ficheiros de três centros de saúde do distrito de Coimbra e caracterizá -los em termos demográficos, padrão de consumo, motivação para a cessação tabágica e comorbilidades. Determinar a relação entre motivação para deixar de fumar e idade, sexo, idade de início e Abstract Background: Smoking is currently a leading public health priority. Profiling smokers allows for adequate intervention strategies and it is important to assess smokers' motivation. Aims: To calculate the rate of smokers in 4 files from 3 Health Centres in Coimbra and characterise smokers in terms of demographics, consumption pattern, motivation for smoking cessation and co -morbidities. Investigate the relationship between motivation to stop smoking and age, gender, consumption and age at starting smoking and cardiovascular, respiratory and psychiatric co -morbidities.
Motives, beliefs and attitudes towards waterpipe tobacco smoking: a systematic review
Harm Reduction Journal, 2013
Background: In spite of the negative health effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking, its use is becoming more common. The objective of this study is to systematically review the medical literature for motives, beliefs and attitudes towards waterpipe tobacco smoking. Methods: We electronically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the ISI the Web of Science in January 2012. We included both quantitative and qualitative studies. We selected studies and abstracted data using standard systematic review methodology. We synthesized data qualitatively. Results: We included 58 papers reporting on 56 studies. The main motives for waterpipe tobacco smoking were socializing, relaxation, pleasure and entertainment. Peer pressure, fashion, and curiosity were additional motives for university and school students while expression of cultural identity was an additional motive for people in the Middle East and for people of Middle Eastern descent in Western countries. Awareness of the potential health hazards of waterpipe smoking was common across settings. Most but not all studies found that the majority of people perceived waterpipe smoking as less harmful than cigarette smoking. Waterpipe smoking was generally socially acceptable and more acceptable than cigarette smoking in general. In Middle Eastern societies, it was particularly more acceptable for women's use compared to cigarette use. A majority perceived waterpipe smoking as less addictive than cigarette smoking. While users were confident in their ability to quit waterpipe smoking at any time, willingness to quit varied across settings. Conclusions: Socializing, relaxation, pleasure and entertainment were the main motives for waterpipe use. While waterpipe users were aware of the health hazards of waterpipe smoking, they perceived it as less harmful, less addictive and more socially acceptable than cigarette smoking and were confident about their ability to quit.
Patient Preference and Adherence, 2014
Smoking cessation plays a crucial role in reducing preventable morbidity and mortality and is a recognized public-health-policy issue in many countries. Two of the most important factors that affect the efficacy of quitting smoking are motivation and the ability to cope with situations causing relapse. Aim: The objective of the study reported here was to investigate former and current smokers' motivations for smoking cessation, reasons for relapse, and modes of quitting. Methods: We arranged four focus groups with 24 participants (twelve current and twelve former smokers) and eleven semi-structured interviews (five current and six former smokers) with a view to understanding and categorizing their opinions on motivations and the course and process of smoking cessation. The data were next analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. Results: Three main themes were identified: (1) motivations to quit smoking, (2) reasons why smokers sometimes relapse, and (3) modes of quitting smoking. Within the first theme, the following six subthemes surfaced: (1) a smoking ban at home and at work due to other people's wishes and rules, (2) the high cost of cigarettes, (3) the unpleasant smell, (4) health concern, (5) pregnancy and breastfeeding, and (6) a variety of other factors. The second theme encompassed the following subthemes: (1) stress and the need to lessen it by smoking a cigarette, (2) the need to experience the pleasure connected with smoking, and (3) the smoking environment both at home and at work. Participants presented different smoking-cessation modes, but mainly they were unplanned attempts. Conclusion: Two very important motivations for smoking cessation were a smoking ban at home and at work due to other people's wishes and rules, and the high cost of cigarettes. The most common smoking-cessation mode was a spontaneous decision to quit, caused by a particular trigger factor. Relapse causes encompassed, most notably: stress, lack of the pleasure previously obtained from smoking, and the smoking environment.
Smoking Motivations and Cessation Rates: An Analysis of Gender-Based Differences
Equal Opportunities International, 1986
and has been Director of Operation Smokestop for the last four years. The project, which provides training, support and research for community-based self-help stop-smoking groups, is to extend its facilities throughout the UK shortly, with funding from the Health Education Council, Cancer Research Campaign and Wessex Cancer Trust. Liz graduated in Philosophy and Politics and is committed to the introduction of interpersonal and groupwork skills for the Primary Health Care Team and to the special consideration of women's experience in relation to dependence on cigarettes. She will also shortly be supervising a three-year research project funded by Cancer Research Campaign which will explore women's experience of smoking, cessation and relapse. Acknowledgements I wish to thank Bobbie Jacobson for her inspirational work and the many fruitful discussions we have had. Thanks also to Chris Skinner for his guidance with the statistical analysis, to Frank Ledwith for his comments on earlier drafts of this article, and to Mike Russell for allowing us to use his Smoking Typology Test. The research described in this article has been funded by Cancer Research Campaign and sponsored by Wessex Positive Health Team. OPERATION SMOKESTOP in Wessex Region has been working to set up, maintain and evaluate community-based self-help stop-smoking groups through its functions of training, support and research, in association with the ten District Health Authorities in Wessex. During the period of evaluation, more than 200 people have been trained to run groups. 84 groups have been run for 715 smokers, and some 40 group leaders are presently active within the Region, coordinated through District Health Education Units.
Contingencies for change in complacent smokers
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2007
The majority of smokers have no plans to quit in the near future. These complacent smokers are less likely to quit than other smokers, and few interventions are known to reduce smoking in this population. Although monetary incentives can reduce complacent smokers' breath carbon monoxide (BCO) levels, it is not clear whether these effects can be sustained beyond the several weeks that past studies have examined. The authors compared complacent smokers randomly assigned to receive incentives for BCO reductions (n ϭ 18) or noncontingent incentives (n ϭ 19) for 3 months. Contingent incentives were associated with (a) reduced BCO; (b) more BCO samples indicative of abstinence; (c) fewer cigarettes smoked and more days abstinent at study end; and (d) lower salivary cotinine. These behaviors can predict future cessation, and 2 of the 18 smokers (11%) receiving BCO-contingent incentives reported quitting as compared with none in the control group. Contingency management procedures, such as those used here, may effectively promote cessation among complacent smokers and provide a model for understanding the possible effects of some environmental interventions (like workplace smoking bans) on the behavior of complacent smokers.
Chest, 2020
This study aimed to investigate how smokers shift from traditional cigarettes to waterpipe and vice versa. Also, to illustrate the common reseans for shifting. METHODS: A questionnaire is completed by each participant who met the inclusion criteria.The questions were derived and modified from Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS).Validation and relaibilty were tested by two certified tobacco traning specialists. RESULTS: A total of 256 participants who completed the questionnaire.The characteristics of participants are shown in Table 1.Number of 192 (75%) smokers shifted from traditional cigarettes to Water-pipe.In contrary,64 (25 %) smokers shifted from water-pipe to traditional cigarettes.Figure 2 illustrates the reasons for shifting from cigarette smoking to water-pipe using.Figure 3 illustrates the reasons for shifting from water-pipe using to cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The results show an increase in the use of water-pipe along with a reduction in the use of traditional cigarettes among smokers.Also,the free time shown to be the alarming reason for shifting from traditional cigarette to water-pipe smoking.This should bring the attention towards targeting waterpipe smoking in future studies and cessation campaigns. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: For future publice health studies to target waterpipe smoking. Tobacco cessation programs to understand the reasons for waterpipe smoking.
Objective The objective of this narrative review is to highlight the determinants of the epidemic rise in waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) among youth globally. The Ecological Model of Health Promotion (EMHP) was the guiding framework for the review. Data extraction Articles which analysed determinants of WTS at any of the levels of the EMHP were retained regardless of methodological rigour: 131 articles are included. Articles were coded in a standard template that abstracted methods as well as results. Data synthesis The review found that methodologies used to assess determinants of WTS among youth were often conventional and lacked rigor: 3/4 of the studies were cross-sectional surveys and most enrolled non-representative samples. Within the framework, the review identified determinants of WTS at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational, community and policy levels. Conclusions The review suggests potential interventions to control WTS among youth, with emphasis on creative utilisation of social media, and tobacco control policies that include the specificities of WTS. The review further suggests the need for rigorous qualitative work to better contextualise determinants, and prospective observational and experimental studies that track and manipulate them to assess their viability as intervention targets. BACKGROUND