A Mixed Methods Study of Enlistment of Indigenous Men on Reserves in the First World War (original) (raw)
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Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 2018
The article presents how the introduction of the Pensions Act and Soldier Settlement Act during the First World War and a comprehensive Veterans’ Charter during the Second World War helped Canada to solve many veteran re-establishment problems. Thanks to these relatively far-reaching and efficient systems of care for the returning soldiers, the vast majority of Canadian ex-servicemen were offered retraining courses, employment and educational possibilities, land grants, and disability pensions. Canadian Aboriginal ex-service personnel were exceptions to this rule, however, and received inequitable treatment. This article explores the reasons why most Aboriginal soldiers were deprived of opportunities and possibilities to make their own, informed, rational decisions about reintegration into civilian society upon return to Canada. Furthermore, it shows how (after the initial months of post-war appreciation) the majority of First-Nations veterans were forced to accept their inferior st...
“The Awakening Has Come”: Canadian First Nations in the Great War Era, 1914-1932
Canadian Military History, 2015
2 Legally "Indians" are considered one of three Aboriginal groups within Canada (the others being the Inuit and Metis). Although this paper focuses on the experiences of soldiers who were defined as "Indians" either by themselves or the Canadian government, it employs the term "First Nation" as a more widely accepted and culturally respectful label.
"The Awakening Has Come": First Nations in the Great War Era, 1914–1932
Canadian Military History, 2015
In the Great War era from 1914 to 1932, the historical literature has cast First Nations peoples as actors without agency, reacting primarily to government policy. This article will demonstrate that government policy had less of an impact on First Nations peoples than scholars have led readers to believe. At the outbreak of war in 1914, First Nations communities’ responses to the prospect of enlistment were varied. For those who did enlist, many were attempting to reconnect with the spirit of their ancestors. Once overseas, Indigenous soldiers found themselves in overwhelmingly anglicised environments. Despite these assimilative conditions, they practiced and sustained cultural and martial Indigenous tradition. When they returned home, First Nations veterans breathed new life into Indigenous political organisation. They created the League of Indians of Canada at the end of 1918, agitating for the well-being of First Nations peoples across the country. This article will argue that First Nations individuals and communities utilised the event of the Great War to further both personal and communal interests in a time of great uncertainty and assimilation.
The Role of Indigenous Peoples in Armed Forces: Canadian and International Perspectives
Journal of Military and Strategic Studies vol.19, no.2, 2018
The articles in this special issue address the roles and treatment of Indigenous people in the Canadian Armed Forces as well as other national armed forces (the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan) during and after the world wars. Other contributions analyze the contemporary contributions of Indigenous people in the Canadian Armed Forces, as well as contemporary public administration issues including recruitment, systemic racism, equality, and organizational perceptions. An underlying theme running through the articles asks how the Armed Forces can be more inclusive of Indigenous people.
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