Biodegradation Of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate By Bacterial Consortium (original) (raw)
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1 Biodegradation of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate by Bacterial Consortium
2015
Surface active agents (surfactants) are chemical compounds which are massively used as raw material in detergent production. Synthetic type surfactants are often used because they perform better and more economical compared to natural detergents. Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LAS) is one of synthetic surfactants that is widely used. Although LAS is biodegradable, its introduction to the environment in big amount harms the water bodies. Research on biodegradation of LAS with 100 ppm, 400 ppm, 700 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1500 ppm concentrations was conducted by using consortium of bacteria comprises of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus aglomerans, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus alvae. Experiments were carried out in twelve days, in 29oC temperature with initial total inoculum bacteria 1,59 x 108 CFU/mL. Results showed that this type of bacterial consortium could live until 1500 ppm in LAS environment. However, significant growth rate did not occurr, 0.039 – 0.042 hour-1 and n...
Anionic surfactants, the earliest and the most common surfactants in detergent and cosmetic product formulations contribute significantly to the pollution profile of the ecosystem. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), a major chemical constituent of detergents, forms an imperative group of anionic surfactants. Bioremediation of LAS by conventional processes such as activated sludge is ineffective due to the low kinetics of degradation by unsuitable organisms and foam production. Hence this study was focused on isolating and characterizing indigenous LASdegrading bacteria from soil. Twenty different LASdegrading bacteria were isolated from detergentcontaminated soil by enrichment culture technique and degradation efficiency was assessed by Methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS) assay and by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The most efficient LASdegrading isolates, L9 (81.33±0.7) and L12 (81.81± 0.8), were selected and identified as Pseudomonas nitroreducens (MTCC 10463) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 10462). The 16S rDNA sequences of the isolates were deposited in NCBI GenBank under the accession numbers HQ 271083 (L9) and HQ 271084 (L12). The isolates were capable of degrading 0.05 g/l LAS at 25 °C and pH 7.0–7.5. Presence of a solid support caused biofilm formation which in turn enhanced LAS degradation. The isolates tend to display diauxic growth with alternate carbon source such as dextrose. These isolates also have the capability to degrade other xenobiotics like hydrocarbons and pesticides. Since xenobiotic pollutants in nature occur as a mixture of compounds rather than single pollutants, the potential of these two indigenous LAS-degrading isolates to degrade multiple xenobiotics gains relevance. Keywords Biodegradation . Methylene Blue Active
Biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in sulfate-leached soil mesocosms
Chemosphere, 2003
Surface active agents (surfactants) are chemical compounds which are massively used as raw material in detergent production. Synthetic type surfactants are often used because they perform better and more economical compared to natural detergents. Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LAS) is one of synthetic surfactants that is widely used. Although LAS is biodegradable, its introduction to the environment in big amount harms the water bodies. Research on biodegradation of LAS with 100 ppm, 400 ppm, 700 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1500 ppm concentrations was conducted by using consortium of bacteria comprises of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus aglomerans, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus alvae. Experiments were carried out in twelve days, in 29 o C temperature with initial total inoculum bacteria 1,59 x 10 8 CFU/mL. Results showed that this type of bacterial consortium could live until 1500 ppm in LAS environment. However, significant growth rate did not occurr, 0.039 -0.042 hour -1 and not too efficiently reduce Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) for those systems. Surface tension in several variated concentration of LAS: 0 ppm >100 ppm >400 ppm >700 ppm, LAS 700 ppm = 1000 ppm = 1500 ppm.
Journal of Xenobiotics, 2011
Aerobic biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) by LAS-utilizing bacteria (LUB) in the presence of other sources of carbon (glucose and soluble starch) was examined. Biodegradation of LAS was monitored as primary degradation in terms of half-life (t½) of the surfactant. Biodegradation of LAS by the individual LUB was slower in the presence of Glucose. Biodegradation of the surfactant by the various consortia of LUB was slower in the presence of the carbon sources: t½ increased to 3 days. The rates of biodegradation by the consortia can be ranked as: four-membered (t½=9 days) > three-membered (t½=9 to 13 days) > two-membered consortia (t½=10 to 15 days). Generally, degradation in the presence of the carbon sources was faster with the consortia than the individual species. Degradation of the surfactant by the LUB was generally fastest in the absence of additional carbon sources. The possible role of additional carbon sources in pe...
Biodegradation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates and Their Degradation Intermediates in Seawater
Environmental Science & Technology, 2004
A bacterial consortium capable of degrading the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) was isolated from the wastewater treatment plant. The bacterial consortium consisted of two members, Pantoea agglomerans and Serratia odorifera 2. Cells were grown evenly together in a minimal medium (M9) and nutrient broth (NB). The bacterial consortium was able to grow in the minimal medium containing LAS as the only carbon source. The percentage degradation of 200 ppm LAS by this bacterial consortium was better when cells were grown in NB (∼70%) than in the M9 medium (36%). Also, the degradation ability by the bacterial consortium was very much higher than by its individual cells. This work shows that the two bacteria complement each other in the degrading ability of LAS, indicating catabolic cooperation between the two consortium members. An incubation temperature of 32 • C, an agitation rate of 250 rev min −1 , and the addition of different carbon and nitrogen sources all independently caused complete mineralization of 200 mg L −1 LAS within 48-72 h.
Journal of Xenobiotics, 2012
Untreated detergent bearing wastes discharged into the environment are sources of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). Detergent wastes usually do not contain nitrogen or contain very low amounts. Biostimulation by introducing limiting nutrient element can be useful in biotreatment of such waste. The effect of inorganic and organic nitrogen supplements on aerobic degradation of LAS by LAS-utilizing bacteria was examined. Phosphate-buffered LAS mineral media were prepared and supplemented with different nitrogen sources: NPK fertilizer (inorganic) and urea fertilizer (organic). Individual and various consortia of pure cultures of Alcaligenes odorans, Citrobacter diversus, Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas putida, previously isolated from a detergent effluent polluted stream, were used. Biodegradation of LAS was monitored in terms of half-life (t ½) of the surfactant. The rates of biodegradation by the consortia can be ranked as: 4-membered (t ½ =8-12 days) >3-membered (t ½ =8-13 days) >2-membered consortia (t ½ =10-15 days) >individuals (t ½ =9-16 days). The inorganic nitrogen source enhanced utilization of the surfactant, while organic nitrogen supplementation generally slowed degradation of the surfactant. In undertaking biotreatment of detergent bearing effluent, inorganic nitrogen should be used as biostimulant.
Journal of Environmental Biology
The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), the core components of detergent and cosmetic product formulations, contributes significantly to the pollution profile of sewage and wastewater of all kinds. In this study, 44 SDS degrading strains were isolated by soil enrichment methods and the utilization efficiency was assessed by methylene blue active substances (MBAS) assay and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Isolate S2 which showed maximum degradation was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 10311 based on phenotypic features and 16 S rDNA typing. The isolate was found to harbor plasmid within the size range of 9-10 kb. The cured derivative of SDS degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained at a frequency of 10.7% by incubation with ethidium bromide (500 mg ml(-1) at 40 degrees C. 96% of SDS degradation occurred at 1500 ppm level within 48 hr of incubation, whereas higher concentration of SDS (10000 ppm) showed only 20% degradation. The optimum...
Biodegradation of synthetic detergents in wastewater
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010
A total of 76 wastewater samples were randomly collected from pharmaceutical, textile, and detergentmanufacturing industries as well as the Agbara Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Thirty-eight samples each in 2-L plastic containers were collected for morning and evening effluent used for this study. Composite samples were later developed and the physico-chemical properties of these samples determined. The physico-chemical properties of the composite wastewater influenced the selected microbial population adapted to utilization of detergent components. The optimum temperature range of the composite wastewater was 33.9-34.3 o C while the mean optimum pH ranged from 6.9-8.8 for the laboratory simulated biodegradation of test detergents. Although, the fungal consortium was eliminated as the medium approached the alkaline pH, this is as a result of the metabolites produced. The macroelements, the BOD and the hydrocarbon concentration of the composite effluent were above the EU and FEPA limits for discharged effluent. The composite effluent was thereafter spiked with test detergents (Elephant, Omo, Klin, Ariel Persil, Teepol, and SDS) at 0.01% (w/v) and its progressive degradation monitored for 30 days. The microbial detergent-degraders population changed between Day 0 and 15, thereafter it stabilized. The heterotrophic bacterial count from the seventy-six randomly collected effluent samples was 42.9 x 10 6 cfu/ml, while the mean bacterial detergent-degrader population was 20.94 x 10 6 cfu/ml. The mean fungal population from the randomly collected effluent sample was 4.5 x 10 6 cfu/ml. The bacterial detergent-degraders characterized and identified include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus majodoratus, Klebsiella liquefasciens, Enterobacter liquefasciens, Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerans, Staphylococcus albus, Proteus sp., Klebsiella oxytoca and Brevibacterium sp., while the fungal detergent-degrader included; Myceliophthora thermophila, Geomyces sp., Alternaria alternata, Fusarium sp., Aspergillus flavus and Asperigillus oryzae. The primary biodegradability of synthetic detergent was confirmed by the Methylene Blue-Active Substance (MBAS) method. Gas chromatography (GC) provided the convincing evidence of synthetic detergent mineralization within the 30 day period in a sewage treatment plant. The detection of unusual peaks in the GC profiles provided the scientific evidence of inclusion of certain hydrocarbons in detergent formulation outside that of industry specifications. The unusual peaks are attributable to inclusion of certain chemical optical brighteners (C 17-C 24). Linear alkyl benzene sulphonates (LAS) which is the principal synthetic detergent component are thus biodegradable and its use in detergent formulation is environment-friendly.
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2007
The anionic surfactants linear alkylbenzosulfonate (LAS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were degraded by a consortium of the mixed facultative anaerobes Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pantoea agglomerans which were isolated from wastewater. The growth of this consortium in nutrient broth medium at temperature of 30 • C; pH 8.5; and agitation rates of 250 rpm, was able to degrade high biomass of the two surfactants. Under these growth conditions a complete degradation of 4000 ppm SDS biomass was achieved within 120 h incubation time while a longer period (150 h) was capable of degrading only 60% of 300 ppm LAS biomass. However, a full degradation of LAS was accomplished by additional supplementation of the mixed culture with some carbon sources. Also, an alternative supplementation with nitrogen nutrients has increased the biodegradation extent of LAS from 60% to 90%. In contrast, such supplementation of the mixed culture with carbon and nitrogen nutrients had adverse effects on the induction of SDS degradation.