KOKOSZKO Maciej, JAGUSIAK Krzysztof, RZEŹNICKA Zofia, Oats in Ancient and Byzantine "Materia Medica" (5th Century BC - 11th Century AD) (original) (raw)
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A review on Oat (Avena sativa L.) as a dual-purpose crop
Scientific Research and Essays, 2014
The multifunctional uses of oats include forage, fodder, straw for bedding, hay, haylage, silage chaff, human food; most commonly, they are rolled or crushed into oatmeal, or ground into fine oat flour. Oatmeal is chiefly eaten as porridge, but may also be used in a variety of baked goods, such as oatcakes, oatmeal cookies, oat bread and raw material for food, health care and cosmetic products. The major components of oats that contribute to its function include β-glucan, protein, oil, and starch. The minor protein of oat is a prolamine, avenin. In addition there are minor components, including tocols and avenanthramides that have antioxidant properties and may contribute to human health and well being. Here we review the progress made in oats and highlight the potential and future prospects. Key words: Fodder, forage, food, β-glucan, protein, tocols, avenanthramides, health.
Oats, more than just a whole grain: an introduction
The British journal of nutrition, 2014
In May 2012, an oats workshop was held in New York to convene a group of international experts to discuss the implications and applications of oats relative to human health. These diverse experts represented disciplines including, but not limited to, epidemiology, food regulation, nutrition and food science, grain breeding and plant genetics, food processing, medicine and public-health policy. This ensuing series addresses three important aspects pertinent to oats: a brief overview of the dynamics of oats; the spectrum of established and emerging research in agriculture and health; and the options and opportunities for future applications of oats that extend beyond dietary fibre. Oats have many unique chemical properties, potential health benefits, agricultural challenges and nutrition-policy opportunities – but global production of oats appears to be falling. This is occurring despite contemporary research in the development of drought and infestation resistance and climate-adaptiv...
International Journal of Agronomy, 2011
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a cereal species widely used for human food and livestock feed. It is rich in primary metabolites (e.g., protein, carbohydrate, and fibre) as well as in many secondary compounds (e.g., fructo-oligosaccharides). A germplasm evaluation was carried out to determine the genetic diversity, using univariate and multivariate analyses, and to define an oat ideotype for grain and fodder production adapted to the Mediterranean environment. A total of 109 genotypes were studied under field conditions in Foggia (southern Italy) over two growing seasons (All of the accessions were characterised according to 13 bioagronomic traits. Accessions were very different for these evaluated traits, with wide variabilities found particularly for seed yield and fructo-oligosaccharide concentration (CV = 37%). Principal component analysis showed that the first six axes accounted for 81% of the variability. Productivity characteristics and heading time were the major sources of diversity among these oat populations. Clustering entries identified nine groups based on their morphological and agronomic properties. The relationships found among traits can help to determine which groups of genotypes are better adapted to specific environmental conditions and to identify ideotypes for developing varieties for different purposes such as for food or forage.
The collection of wild oat species of C.I.S. as a source of diversity in agricultural traits
1998
This work presents the results of studying (1990-1992) such wild oat species as Avena clauda Dur., A. pilosa M.B., A. bruhnsiana Grun., A. wiestii Steud., A. barbata Pott.; weedy species-A. sterilis L., A. fatua L. and A. ludoviciana Dur. The range of variability by agricultural traits has been shown and plant forms have been identified by such traits as earliness, dwarfness, productive tillering, resistance to lodging, crown and stem rusts, powdery mildew, tolerance to BYDV and other morphological characters. The author has defined parameters of interrelation between the duration of the vegetation period and its separate phases as well as between other agricultural and morphological traits.
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2006
Some physical and chemical properties of four oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties (BDMY-6, BDMY-7, Che-Chois and Y-2330) harvested from Konya in Turkey were investigated. The weight of the grain, moisture, crude protein, crude ash, crude fibre, crude energy, crude oil and water-soluble extract contents of all oat variety grains were analysed. Contents of aluminium, calcium, cadmium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, lead, potassium and manganese were also determined in the oat grains. The specific gravity, refractive index, free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter were determined in the grain oil. Tocopherol contents of these four oat grain oils were measured. Palmitic acid (15.72%), oleic acid (33.97 Á51.26%) and linoleic acid (22.80 Á35.90%) were found to be rich in protein, oil, fibre, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals, suggesting that they may be valuable for food uses. Due to high nutritive values, it is recommended to process for healthy food products.
Field Crops Research, 2007
One hundred and twenty oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes of worldwide origin were evaluated for agronomic and grain quality characters in three replicated field experiments in Austria and one in Germany. Panicle emergence, plant height and lodging severity were evaluated under field conditions, and grain yield, thousand kernel weight, hectolitre weight, screenings percentage > 2 mm, and groat percentage were measured after harvesting. Substantial genetic variation and high heritability were observed for all traits. The highest yielding entries were improved cultivars from European breeding programs. Groat yield and grain yield were highly correlated. For agronomic traits such as earliness and plant height, and quality traits such as groat percentage, several of the overseas genotypes, mostly from the USA and Canada, showed better performance than the European cultivars. Selected lines from the North American breeding programs appear to be valuable resources for European oat breeding programs, especially for the improvement of physical grain quality traits. #
The objectives of this research were to assess genotype environment interaction and determine stable oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars for grain yield in Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. Stability analysis were to performed on results for grain yield of 5 oat cultivars (Chekota, Yesilkoy-1779, Yesilkoy-330, Faikbey-2004, Seydisehir-2004 from 24 trials (6 irrigated, 18 rain fed ) was conducted over 6 years in the Central Anatolian Region, Turkey. There was considerable variation in grain yield within and across environments. Year by location and location variability were dominant sources of interactions. The cultivar, "Seydisehir-2004" with respective regression coefficient value of 1.03, the smallest deviations from regressions (S 2 di ) value and the highest grain yield could be considered the most widely adapted cultivar. The other test cultivars were sensitive to production-limiting factors, their wider adaptability, stability and general performance to the fluctuating growing conditions within and across environments being lowered.
Nutrition Bulletin, 1988
Oats, growing well in cool, wet climates, were probablyjrst exploited by Iron Age farmers, and remained an important cereal in some parts of the United Kingdom until the early nineteenth century. Following the decline in cereal (and therefore dietary,fibre) consumption until the late 1970's, there is now increasing use of highjbre foods including oats. The relatively high protein content and its characteristic amino acid pattern, the high polyunsaturated f a t 9 acid content o f the lipid fraction, the high amylose starch and the presence of oat gum are all features which make oats a highlv desirable food f o r the general population as well as those with diabetes or high blood cholesterol.
PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY, GENETICS AND BREEDING
Oat cultivation was introduced to Morocco during the French Protectorate in the 1920s. Oat is mainly cropped in areas with high rainfall and known to be used for animal feed. Due to its high nutritive value, there is an increased demand in oat for human consumption. A breeding programme was launched by the National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), aiming the development of new tetraploid oat lines of Avena magna Murph. et Terr., having a high nutritive value for human consumption. Nine tetraploid oat lines of A. magna were assessed for their technological performance. Physicochemical analyses were performed, including moisture, ash, proteins, fibre fractions, lipids, carbohydrates, and minerals. The lines were compared with each other and two wild parental lines of A. magna using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Statistical analysis revealed noteworthy differences in the chemical composition between the cultivars. There was a very significant difference (P<0.001) in the content of proteins (11.45-13.92%), fat (3.89-10.15%), carbohydrates (48.99-57.86%), and ash (1.7-3.73%) in the groat (grain with hulls). Analysis of total fibre fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL and CF) showed the presence of substantial differences between the assessed lines. The highest protein contents, 13.62% and 13.92% were found in the domesticated lines of A. magna. In addition, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium were the most important major minerals in oat, while iron, manganese, and zinc were the dominant minor minerals. This study's outcome suggests that Moroccan domesticated tetraploid oat lines were within a suitable range of nutrients with good computed (calculated) energy, and may serve as a source of beneficial compounds for human nutrition.