Genetic Diversity Studies on Wheat Landraces in Palestine Using RAPD Markers in Comparison to Phenotypic Classification (original) (raw)
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RAPD analysis of the genetic polymorphism in european wheat genotypes
Potravinarstvo, 2016
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main crops for human nutrition. The genetic variability of grown wheat has been reduced by modern agronomic practices, which inturn prompted the importance of search for species that could be useful as a genepool for the improving of flour quality for human consumption or for other industrial uses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity among 24 European wheat genotypes based on Random Amplified Polymorphism (RAPD) markers. A total of 29 DNA fragments were amplified with an average 4.83 polymorphic fragments per primer. The primer producing the most polymorphic fragments was SIGMA-D-P, where 7 polymorphic amplification products were detected. The lowest number of amplified fragments (3) was detected by using the primer OPB-08. The size of amplified products varied between 300 bp (OPE-07) to 3000 bp (SIGMA-D-P). The diversity index (DI) of the applied RAPD markers ranged from 0.528 (OPB-07) to 0.809 (SIGMA-D-P) with an average of 0.721. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the markers varied from 0.469 (OPB-07) to 0.798 (SIGMA-D-P) with an average 0.692. Probability of identity (PI) was low ranged from 0.009 (SIGMA-D-P) to 0.165 (OPB-07) with an avarage 0.043. The dendrogram based on hierarchical cluster analysis using UPGMA algorithm was prepared. Within the dendrogram was separated the unique genotype Insegrain (FRA) from the rest of 23 genotypes which were further subdivided into two subclusters. In the first subclaster were grouped 13 genotypes and the second subcluster involved 10 genotypes. The first subcluster also included the genotype Bagou from France, in which were detected novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits using SDS-PAGE. Using 6 RAPD markers only two wheat genotypes have not been distinguished. Through that the information about genetic similarity and differences will be helpful to avoid any possibility of elite germplasm becoming genetically uniform.
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology
Two different DNA-based techniques viz, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to estimate genetic diversity among bread wheat. A total of 188 clear and repeatable bands were amplified from 17 selected RAPD primers, and 101 fragments were detected from 35 SSR primer pairs. The level of polymorphism was 88% with RAPDs compared to 100% with SSRs. Mean genetic similarity was estimated to be 0.88 based on RAPDs and 0.85 using SSRs. The wide range of genetic similarity was obtained by SSR than RAPD, reflecting the hypervariability of SSR markers and their high resolution power. Matrix correlation analyses suggested that a good representation of the relationships among the bread wheat cultivars/lines can be obtained by using RAPDs alone or in combination with SSRs, but SSRs alone cannot be used for this purpose. Both techniques discriminated the genotypes very effectively. On the hand, RAPDs were able to discriminate the cultivars Alvand and Ghods, whereas the cultivars Sardari and Ghods were discriminated only by SSRs. The use of PCRbased assays having advantage of being quick, easy to use and refractory to many environmental influences can complement traditional methods of germplasm characterization.
Genetic Relationships of Some Egyptian and Yemeni Wheat Varieties Detected by Rapd and Issr Markers
2016
Two types of molecular markers, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), were assayed to determine the genetic diversity of four hexaploid Egyptian wheat varieties [(Giza١٦٤, Giza١٦٨, Sakha٦١ and Sakha٩٢) (Triticum aestivum)], and four tetraploid Yemen's wheat genotypes [Behows١٤, Smara'a, Mysany and Saba'a (Triticum durum)]. In RAPD analysis, six used primers displayed RAPD profiles with polymorphic bands. A total of ٢٤ bands out of ٥٨ bands for the Egyptian and Yemeni varieties were polymorphic (٤١.٣٨% of polymorphism) consist of DNA fragments with molecular weights ranged from ١١٣ to ١١٧٥ base pairs. The Yemeni genotypes were distinguished via OP-A٠٣ and HB-١١ primers that generated two bands at molecular weight of ١٥٣.٢٢ and ٣٧٤.١٦ base pairs, respectively. The Egyptian varieties were distinguished via OP-A١٠ and HB-١٢ primers that generated two bands at molecular weight of ٤٨٣.٩٨ and ٧٠٧.٧٩ base pairs, respectively. In ISSR...
DNA profiles from 10 Pakistani wheat genotypes were evaluated for diversity assessment based on RAPD markers. A total of 79 DNA fragments were generated by 10 RAPD primers, with an average of 7.9 bands primer-1. Of these, 64 fragments (81%) were polymorphic among 10 genotypes. Genetic diversity was evaluated via UPGMA cluster analysis by constructing dendrogram, which were used for the calculation of similarity coefficients between these genotypes. The greatest similarity (95%) was observed between PR-94 and PR-95, whereas PR-96 with PR-90 showed the lowest similarity (60%). Adoption of this technology would be useful to the plant protection regulatory systems, especially for plant variety identification and registration of new plant varieties, breeding programs and protection purposes.
RAPD Fingerprinting and Genetic Relationships of Some Wheat Genotypes
International Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 2019
The genetic variability and relationships among 5 Egyptian wheat genotypes representing Sakha8, Sakha69, Sakha93, Sids1 and Gemmiza7 were analyzed using 8 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A total of 77 loci (73 % polymorphic) in all 5 wheat genotypes was amplified and discriminated all the wheat genotypes. PIC, RP, MI, DP values were evaluated and revealed degree of genetic divergence among the cultivars used. A cluster based on UPGMA (Un-weighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) analysis was used to determine genetic similarities. The five wheat genotypes were divided into two main clusters. Cluster 1 was divided into two groups. In subgroup 1 were included genotype 1 and genotype 2. They seemed very close which might depict sharing of the genetic background among the genotypes. In consequence, the close genetic relationships are entirely alarming and may hinder further plant improvement. Genotype 5 was in subgroup 2. The second cluster was included genotype 3 and genotype 4. The same genotypes were also assessed in field conditions for structural analyses, which were carried out based on six yield components. The dendrogram created was comparatively analyzed with the RAPD dendrogram. This study additionally indicates that RAPD markers are useful for distinguishing and characterizing wheat cultivars. The genetic relatedness among these genotypes could provide useful information for conservation and selection of cross parents in breeding.
Assessment of genetic diversity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using RAPD markers
Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2017
The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 10 wheat cultivars by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker. The genomic DNA of 10 wheat genotypes were amplified with 10 RAPD primers that produced 53 amplified band, out of which 23 band were polymorphic (43.39%). The number of fragment amplified per primer ranged from 4 to 9. Primer A01 generated maximum number of amplified band, out of which 5 band were polymorphic. Cluster analysis of wheat genotypes were based on UPGMA method. Cluster analysis of 10 wheat genotypes were classified in to two main group; single variety AKW 1071 was placed in first group and rest 9 variety were placed in second group. The pair wise similarity values ranged from 0.58% to 100% and showed that cultivars Raj-3765 and K-7903 were the closest with highest similarity value (100%), while genotypes AKW 1071 and K9006 showed minimum similarity value (62%). The present study indicated the presence of high genetic diversity among wheat cultivars, which could be used for the developing core collection of wheat germplasm for breeding purpose.
Plant …, 2004
Estimates of genetic diversity can be based on different types of data. The aim of this research were to study genetic diversity among Croatian wheat cultivars by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, morphological traits and pedigree records; to analyse differences between wheat cultivars from two breeding centres; and to evaluate usability of RAPD markers for estimation of genetic diversity among wheat cultivars in comparison with morphological traits and pedigree record data. Studies were conducted on 14 wheat cultivars and breeding lines from two breeding centres in Croatia. For the RAPD analysis 36 primers were screened and the 14 most polymorphic ones yielded 341 polymorphic bands. Twelve morphological traits were used for morphological analysis. Pedigrees were composed of seven generations of ancestors. RAPD markers showed a high level of polymorphism among the cultivars examined and the breeding lines. No significant correlations were observed among the methods tested.
Genetic Resources and Crop …, 1997
We analyzed the genetic diversity in 88 genotypes from 20 populations of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch) from Israel, Turkey and Iran, by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Twenty two of the 33 primers used yielded scorable products with 1-11 polymorphic bands. No duplicate patterns were found except for four haplotypes.When the total genetic diversity was estimated, 75% of the variation detected was partitioned within the 88 genotypes and 25% among the populations. When variation between countries was assessed, no substantial differences were found, because most of the variation detected (97%) was partioned within the 20 populations and the remainder among countries. The results of this limited survey indicate that the extensive genetic diversity is present in natural stands of wild barley throughout the Fertile Crescent.