EARSeL eProceedings, Special Issue: 34 th EARSeL Symposium (original) (raw)
Related papers
2015
Meteorological research has been carried out in Roztocze Region for many years by numerous scientists. Nevertheless, information about its climate is limited to general climatic classifications of Poland. Knowledge about local climates of this specific area is rather limited. In this case study, the authors combined traditional methods of investigating this topic with ground-based thermal IR imaging not used in small-scale climatology so far. Thermal IR images of places where cold air influxes are expected were taken as a first step of fieldworks. Then, measurements of temperature and relative humidity spatial differentiation were conducted at chosen sites. Simultaneously, continuous meteorological measurements were performed in different local ecosystems with the aim of e.g. verifying hypotheses about differences of thermal conditions at those sites. The results of fieldwork were processed and analysed using GIS and then related to local topographical conditions assumed from satell...
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 1995
Thermal IR images obtained with an IR radiation thermometer installed on the roof of a high building and topographic factors evaluated from the data set of altitude (Digital National Land Information, Japan) are used together in the present method of analyzing local climates, especially during a calm night. The radiative temperature of a particular evergreen canopy, which is read from the thermal IR image and will be called the "canopy temperature", is shown to be in good agreement with the air temperature around tree crowns making up the canopy if the effect of water vapor in the atmosphere is removed. The canopy temperature is deeply influenced by the surrounding terrain features as well, and its regression equation on the topographic factors is constructed with high significance. Consequently, using the regression equation, air temperature distribution in complex terrain, especially at hight, can be estimated, which is served for a study of thermal belts on hillsides.
93 NOAA/AVHRR satellite images recorded in clear-sky conditions in the city of Krakow (Poland) and its surroundings were selected taking into account warmer months (April-September) in the period between 2001 and 2005. The satellite images were derived from four times of day: the morning (5-6 UTC), the noon (11-12 UTC), the evening (15-16 UTC) and the night (1-2 UTC). Radiometrically calibrated and geometrically corrected thermal infrared NOAA/AVHRR data were used to make land surface temperature (LST) maps. The LST values were calculated using the split-window method employing correction of atmospheric effects. Maps of mean LST values were created in each group of satellite images representing the different time of day. The maps show daily thermal contrast between built-up areas and other ones. The greatest urban-rural LST differences are observed in the noon and slightly lower in the morning. In the evening urban-rural LST contrast decreases and it reaches minimum in the night. By...
Using Thermal Remote Sensing in Environmental Studies
Thermovision is a relatively new method of remote sensing with applications in areas such as military operations, residential monitoring, technological process control and emergency management. Surprisingly, it has not seen much application in environmental studies. The article presents a method of using thermovision for topoclimatic studies. The method is based on the spatial distribution of land surface temperature (LST). The LST distribution indicates the amount of solar energy reaching the Earth surface and depends primarily on terrain shape and land cover types. By analyzing the LST distribution, one can determine spatial topoclimatic variability. The LST derived topoclimatic classification was compared with the theoretical topoclimatic classification based on heat balance. New classes of topoclimates were created and some of the existing types were diversified into more detailed subtypes. The analysis of selected lowland areas in north-western Poland revealed that both land cover and terrain shape characteristics had a significant impact on the LST distribution, contrary to the expectation of land cover characteristics being more important than terrain shape. The article demonstrates the possibilities of using thermovision in environmental research and presents a new method of topoclimate delimitation based on thermal remote sensing data and geographical information systems (GIS) techniques comparing. The LST classification method with conventional methods based on DEM and land cover analysis.
Changes in thermal and precipitation conditions in Poland in 1971–2010
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Land Reclamation, 2014
Changes in thermal and precipitation conditions in Poland in 1971-2010. The article presents changes in thermal and precipitation conditions on Polish territory in the years 1971- -2010 based on data from six meteorological stations (Koszalin, Olsztyn, Poznań, Lublin, Opole and Kraków). These data concern the monthly average air temperature, precipitation and the number of days with precipitation per month. Based on the analysis of changing trends in the study of meteorological elements, authors observed an increase in the mean annual air temperature of about 0.9°C over 10 years in all localities. In contrast, trends in the average monthly air temperatures were characterised by temporal and spatial variation. As a result of the increase in temperature, there was a change in the dates signifying the beginning and the end of the thermal periods: farming (OG), vegetation (OW), intensive vegetation (OIW) and maturation or thermal summers (OD/L). A tendency for these periods to start ear...
Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2014
The aim of this study was to identify typical and specific features of land surface temperature (LST) distribution in the city of Krakow and its surroundings with the use of Landsat/ ETM? data. The paper contains a detailed description of the study area and technical properties of the Landsat program and data, as well as a complete methodology of LST retrieval. Retrieved LST records have been standardized in order to ensure comparability between satellite images acquired during different seasons. The method also enables identification of characteristic thermal regions, i.e. areas always colder and always warmer than a zonal mean LST value for Krakow. The research includes spatial analysis of the standardized LST with regard to different land cover types. Basic zonal statistics such as mean standardized LST and percentage share of hot and cold regions within 10 land cover types were calculated. GIS was used for automated data processing and mapping. The results confirmed the most obvious dependence of the LST on different land cover types. Some more factors influencing the LST were recognized on the basis of detailed investigation of the LST pattern in the urban agglomeration of Krakow. The factors are: emission of anthropogenic heat, insolation of the surfaces depending first of all on land relief and shape of buildings, seasonal changes of vegetation and weather conditions at the time of satellite image acquisition.
Thermal and Pluviometric Characteristics of North-Eastern Poland in Years 1966-2005
2011
Source material and scope of the study The present study analyses data from eighteen meteorological stations of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management located within an area determined by coordinates between latitude 53o N and the northern border of Poland and between longitude 19° E to the eastern border of Poland. The study applies terms and names derived from the description of the area by Kondracki [KONDRACKI 2000] to specify spatial locations. The north-west (NW) of the area under analysis includes Żulawy Wiślane (the Vistula Delta), the Elbląg Upland, the Warmia Plain, the Orneta Plain and the Gorowo Hills, and it is characterized using the data originating from stations in Elbląg, Frombork and Dobrocin. The north (N) includes the area with the Sepopol Lowland and the Wegorapa Land and the area characterized by stations located in Ketrzyn and Lidzbark Warminski. The north-east (NE) part of the described area covers the Szeskie Hills, the Romnicka Primeval Forest, th...