Inertial Sensors for Performance Analysis in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review (original) (raw)
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Sensors
Recent technological developments have led to the production of inexpensive, non-invasive, miniature magneto-inertial sensors, ideal for obtaining sport performance measures during training or competition. This systematic review evaluates current evidence and the future potential of their use in sport performance evaluation. Articles published in English (April 2017) were searched in Web-of-Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and Sport-Discus databases. A keyword search of titles, abstracts and keywords which included studies using accelerometers, gyroscopes and/or magnetometers to analyse sport motor-tasks performed by athletes (excluding risk of injury, physical activity, and energy expenditure) resulted in 2040 papers. Papers and reference list screening led to the selection of 286 studies and 23 reviews. Information on sport, motor-tasks, participants, device characteristics, sensor position and fixing, experimental setting and performance indicators was extracted. The selected papers dealt with motor capacity assessment (51 papers), technique analysis (163), activity classification (19), and physical demands assessment (61). Focus was placed mainly on elite and sub-elite athletes (59%) performing their sport in-field during training (62%) and competition (7%). Measuring movement outdoors created opportunities in winter sports (8%), water sports (16%), team sports (25%), and other outdoor activities (27%). Indications on the reliability of sensor-based performance indicators are provided, together with critical considerations and future trends.
The Application of Inertial Sensors in Elite Sports Monitoring
The testing and monitoring of elite athletes in their natural training environment is a relatively new area of development that has been facilitated by advancements in microelectronics and other micro technologies. Whilst it is a logical progression to take laboratory equipment and miniaturize it for the training and competition environment, it introduces a number of considerations that need to be addressed. In this paper the use and application of inertial devices for elite and sub-elite sporting activities are discussed. The capacity of accel-erometers and gyroscopes to measure human motion thousands of times per second in multiple axis and at multiple points on the body is well established. However interpretation of this data into well-known metrics suitable for use by sport scientists, coaches and athletes is something of a challenge. Traditional brute force techniques such as achieving dead reckoning position and velocity by multiple integration are generally regarded as an almost impossible task. However novel derivative measures of performance such as energy expenditure, pattern recognition of specific activities and characterisation of activities into specific phases of motion have achieved greater success interpreting sensor data.
IJEIS (Indonesian Journal of Electronics and Instrumentation Systems)
The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has led to rapid technological advancements in sports technology, aiming to improve athlete performance and monitor developments. These innovations have had an impact on the sports industry, but have only been felt in developed countries. Existing studies on entrepreneurship, extended reality, e-textiles, and inertial movement units (IMU) have explored various aspects of sports technology. However, no review has focused on sensor technology's use in sports performance. This study bibliometrically evaluates sports technology research from 2008 through 2023, identifying trends in growth, notable publications, top authors, journals, institutions, and nations. The results give readers and researchers new information about the development and growth of sports sensor technology subjects as well as about active and potential research areas. China is the most productive country, contributing 17 publications related to sports technology, while the United Kin...
THE INERTIAL SENSOR: A BASE PLATFORM FOR WIDER ADOPTION IN SPORTS SCIENCE APPLICATIONS
Introduction: Quantifying human movement during sporting activities is of great interest since it allows trainers to assess the athlete's performance, their rehabilitation and injury recovery. Due to the environment limitations of laboratory testing, research has been focused on the development of Micro electromechanical (MEMS) based inertial sensors with the objective of reducing the sensors in size and power requirements, and making the technology widely available at low cost. The aim of this paper is to present an analysis about the growth of wearable technology, notably, inertial sensors, and the use of a common base platform for different sports application fields including research, education, commercial and servicing.
Design and development of an upper extremity performance analysis system for combat sports
Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 2021
The purpose of this study is to develop a training and measurement system based on kinetic and kinematic parameters for combat sports that require upper extremity performance, such as boxing, judo, and karate. This system instantly measures strength, speed, and coordination parameters with cognitive stimuli. The parameters such as force applied against colored cognitive stimuli, reaction time given to stimuli, total training time determined by the coach during the training are saved instantly by the software and reported at the end of the training. As a result, it is ensured to follow sports performance with the kinetic and kinematic data obtained from sports efficiency, develop new training methods suitable for the athlete, determine the training program's effectiveness, and predict injury risk.
A new virtual instrument for estimating punch velocity in combat sports
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference, 2013
For improving the performance in combat sport, especially percussion, it is necessary achieving high velocity in punches and kicks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of 3D accelerometry in a Virtual Instrumentation System (VIS) designed for estimating punch velocity in combat sports. It was conducted in two phases: (1) integration of the 3D accelerometer with the communication interface and software for processing and visualization, and (2) applicability of the system. Fifteen karate athletes performed five gyaku zuki type punches (with reverse leg) using the accelerometer on the 3rd metacarpal on the back of the hand. It was performed nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test to determine differences in the mean linear velocity among three punches performed sequentially (p <;0.05). The maximum velocities measured varied in the range of 10 and 10.2 m/s and the mean velocities from 6 to 6.8 m/s. There was no difference on the mean velocity for the tested punches. The VIS demonstrated regularity and proper functionality for assessing punches in combat sport.
IoT
Machine learning is a powerful tool for data classification and has been used to classify movement data recorded by wearable inertial sensors in general living and sports. Inertial sensors can provide valuable biofeedback in combat sports such as boxing; however, the use of such technology has not had a global uptake. If simple inertial sensor configurations can be used to automatically classify strike type, then cumbersome tasks such as video labelling can be bypassed and the foundation for automated workload monitoring of combat sport athletes is set. This investigation evaluates the classification performance of six different supervised machine learning models (tuned and untuned) when using two simple inertial sensor configurations (configuration 1—inertial sensor worn on both wrists; configuration 2—inertial sensor worn on both wrists and third thoracic vertebrae [T3]). When trained on one athlete, strike prediction accuracy was good using both configurations (sensor configurati...
A Systematic Review of Performance Analysis in Rowing Using Inertial Sensors
Electronics, 2019
Sporting organizations such as professional clubs and national sport institutions are constantly seeking novel training methodologies in an attempt to give their athletes a cutting edge. The advent of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) has facilitated the integration of small, unobtrusive wearable inertial sensors into many coaches’ training regimes. There is an emerging trend to use inertial sensors for performance monitoring in rowing; however, the use and selection of the sensor used has not been appropriately reviewed. Previous literature assessed the sampling frequency, position, and fixing of the sensor; however, properties such as the sensor operating ranges, data processing algorithms, and validation technology are left unevaluated. To address this gap, a systematic literature review on rowing performance monitoring using inertial-magnetic sensors was conducted. A total of 36 records were included for review, demonstrating that inertial measurements were predominantly use...
Inertial Sensor Technology for Elite Swimming Performance Analysis: A Systematic Review
Technical evaluation of swimming performance is an essential factor of elite athletic preparation. Novel methods of analysis, incorporating body worn inertial sensors (i.e., Microelectromechanical systems, or MEMS, accelerometers and gyroscopes), have received much attention recently from both research and commercial communities as an alternative to video-based approaches. This technology may allow for improved analysis of stroke mechanics, race performance and energy expenditure, as well as real-time feedback to the coach, potentially enabling more efficient, competitive and quantitative coaching. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the literature related to the use of inertial sensors for the technical analysis of swimming performance. This paper focuses on providing an evaluation of the accuracy of different feature detection algorithms described in the literature for the analysis of different phases of swimming, specifically starts, turns and free-swimming. The consequences associated with different sensor attachment locations are also considered for both single and multiple sensor configurations. Additional information such as this should help practitioners to select the most appropriate systems and methods for extracting the key performance related parameters that are important to them for analysing their swimmers' performance and may serve to inform both applied and research practices.
The development of a new protocol to assess performance measure in sports
2012
The purpose of this study was to develop a novel protocol to be used in assessing performance outcomes in projectile sports. This study also wanted to establish if variability within a movement pattern (throwing) is detrimental to the outcome of that skill and to assess the validity of current methods used to measure performance. Single subject analysis was undertaken as 4 Wilson TrainerTM tennis balls were launched using a Tennis CubeTM launcher at a wall 25 times each. Infra-red light gate technique (wall mounted OptojumpTM) in which ball tracking co-ordinates were obtained were compared to traditional movement measure device (3D Motion Analysis CorporationTM) coordinates. Agreement between the 3D landing point X and Y coordinates and the OptojumpTM landing points X and Y coordinates were analysed using the Bland- Altman method