Atherosclerosis: a life changing phenomenon (original) (raw)
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Atherosclerosis as a problem in postmenopausal women
2019
Introduction: Atherosclerosis is defined as a disease in which plaque, consisting of fat, cholesterol and other substances found in blood, builds up in arteries. This leads to stiffness and narrowing of the blood vessels resulting in limiting the flow of the blood rich in oxygen to tissues. The negative effect of atherosclerosis among women can be opposed by the female hormones. The aim of the article is to review clinical approach to atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women.
Circulation, 1999
Background —Lipoproteins affect endothelium-dependent vasomotor responsiveness. Because lipoprotein effects of estrogen and cholesterol-lowering therapies differ, we studied the vascular responses to these therapies in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Methods and Results —We randomly assigned 28 women to conjugated equine estrogen (CE) 0.625 mg, simvastatin 10 mg, and their combination daily for 6 weeks. Compared with respective baseline values, simvastatin alone and combined with CE reduced LDL cholesterol to a greater extent than CE alone (both P <0.05). CE alone and combined with simvastatin raised HDL cholesterol and lowered lipoprotein(a) to a greater extent than simvastatin alone (all P <0.05). Flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (by ultrasonography) improved (all P <0.001 versus baseline values) on CE (4.0±2.6% to 10.2±3.9%), simvastatin (4.3±2.4% to 10.0±3.9%), and CE combined with simvastatin (4.6±2.0% to 9.8±2.6%), but similarly among therapies...
New approaches in protecting against atherosclerosis in experimental model of postmenopause
journal of applied pharmaceutical science, 2017
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of Myrtus communis (Myrtus communis ) extract to attenuate endothelial dysfunction as well as risk of atherosclerosis in ovaricotmized rats as a common model of postmenopausal. Materials and methods : Sixty female albino rats, weighing 180 ± 20 g were used and divided into four groups (sham, sham+Myrtus communis , ovarictomized (OVX) and treated group).Plasma estrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL),low density lipoprotein (LDL), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), von Willebrand factor (vWF),interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) , Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), aortic nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in addition to erythrocyte membrane fatty acids were determined. Results: Ovaricotmized rats showed a significant increase in inflammatory and oxidant parameters while, Myrtus communis extract administration in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for two months a...
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Context: The Early vs Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol showed that hormone therapy (HT) reduced progression of atherosclerosis when initiated in early but not in late postmenopause. Objective: This posttrial analysis examined the association between plasma estradiol (E2) levels and atherosclerosis determined by rate of change in carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and tested whether this association is equally evident in early (,6 years) vs late ($10 years) postmenopause. Design: Randomized controlled trial stratified by time since menopause (ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT00114517). Mixed-effects linear models tested the association of E2 levels with CIMT rate of change.
Atherogenic Index of Plasma(AIP) in Post Menopausal Women
2012
Menopause is the phase of declined ovarian activity & fall in estrogen level. Since there is an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases for women after menopause, the present study was carried out to evaluate the lipid profile status and Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in Postmenopausal women. Blood samples from 30 premenopausal and 30 post-menopausal women were collected for this study. Atherogenic index of plasma a risk for coronary heart disease was calculated using the formula log (TG/HDL-C). There was significant increase in TC, LDLC, TG and significant decrease in HDL-C (p<0.01) in post-menopausal women compared to pre-menopausal women. The (AIP) was found to be significantly elevated in post-menopausal women compared to pre-menopausal women and correlated positively with TG (r= 0.258,p<0.01) and negatively with HDL-C (r= -0.306, p<0.01) in postmenopausal women. This suggests that female sex steroids in “pre-menopausal” women has plasma cholesterol lowering action...
2018
Contact address: Rugină Mihaela, MD, PhD „Prof. Dr. C.C. Iliescu” Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania. E-mail: rugina.mihaela@gmail.com 1 „Prof. Dr. C.C. Iliescu” Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis is a pathological process that starts in the early decades of human life as fatty-streaks and evolves throughout the life of an individual. The contributing risk factors which also accelerate the intimal thickening are hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia and family history of cardiovascular disease1. Clinical complications of atherosclerosis are dependant of the arteries involved. Coronary atherosclerosis is the leading cause of angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes, cerebrovascular atherosclerosis causes transient cerebral ischemia and stroke while atherosclerosis of the lower extremity vessels causes claudication and acute or chronic limb ischemia2.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2002
-Within the larger HERS, a subset of 362 participants underwent carotid B-mode ultrasound examinations at baseline and the end of follow-up. Progression of carotid atherosclerosis was measured as the temporal change in intimal-medial thickness (IMT). Conclusions-IMT progressed in the hormone treatment and placebo groups, although there was no statistical difference between the rates: IMT progressed 26 m/y (95% CI 18 to 34 m/y) in the hormone group and 31 m/y (95% CI 21 to 40 m/y) in the placebo group (Pϭ0.44). There were also no significant treatment effects when the results were examined by carotid segment or were adjusted for covariates. These data support the American Heart Association recommendation that women with established coronary disease should not initiate hormone therapy with an expectation of atherosclerotic benefit. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22:1692-1697.)