Cross-sectional study of child malnutrition and associated risk factors among children aged under five in West Bengal, India (original) (raw)
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Using a cross-sectional study of 485 sample households in 2013, the present paper examines the prevalence and risk factors of child malnutrition among children under the age of five in West Bengal, India. As a part of this investigation, children's underweight status, wasting, and stunting were examined in order to determine child nutritional status using the WHO growth standard. We performed bivariate analyses in order to elucidate differentials in nutritional indices and fitted multinomial logistic regression models to examine the net effect of different socioeconomic factors on the likelihood of child malnutrition. Analysis results revealed stunting (51%) as the most common form of malnutrition among children aged under five, followed by underweight status (41%), and wasting (22%).Gender discrimination among children increases with age, whereby girls are more deprived (as measured by nutritional indices) compared to boys later in childhood relative to younger ages. Results from multinomial analyses reveal age, religion, caste, and birth-order of the child as significant predictors of child's nutritional status. Citation: Sarkar S. (2016). Cross-sectional study of child malnutrition and associated risk factors among children aged under five in West Bengal, India, International Journal of Population Studies, vol.2(1): 89–102.
Determinants of malnutrition in Indian children: new evidence from IDHS through CIAF
Quality & Quantity, 2016
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the determinants of malnutrition in children (under 5 years) in urban and rural areas of India. The ultimate objective is to frame policy proposals for children’s nutritional welfare. In this empirical study, logit model is applied to 9,381 observations of urban and 18,418 of rural areas. The composite index of anthropometric failure is constructed to use it as an indicator of malnutrition. The results revealed that probability for anthropometric failure increases by age, birth-order and duration of breastfeeding. The birth-interval, delivery of the child in hospital, wealth index of the household, mother’s BMI and mother’s education turned out to be negatively affecting children’s malnutrition in both urban and rural areas. Gender of the child has no significant effect on malnutrition in both urban and rural communities. From the policy perspective enlarging the birth-interval through family planning programs and squeezing the duration of breastfeeding by giving supplement food at subsidized rates may contribute to enhance children’s nutritional status. For the long-run socioeconomic status of the household and BMI of mothers require attention of policy makers. To break the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition, the nutritional status of today’s girls in the age of adolescent is recommended to be improved. The findings of study may support academicians, policy makers and social activists for human development programs in India.
Journal of Biosocial Science, 2006
Malnutrition among children is prevalent in almost all the states in India. This study assesses the extent and causes of malnutrition in two eastern Indian states with similar climates, namely West Bengal and Assam, using data from the National Family Health Survey 1998–99 (NFHS-2). The three indices of malnutrition taken for analysis are weight-for-height (WHZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ). These are assumed to depend on birth order, preceding birth interval, parent’s educational status, working status of the mother, mother’s age at delivery of the children, source of drinking water, toilet facilities and standard of living of the household. Logistic regression was carried out separately for each of the three indices on the explanatory variables for both the states. It was found that not all variables are equally important in determining whether a baby is underweight, or suffering from acute or chronic malnutrition. Also, the importance of variables is not the sam...
2021
Background: Malnutrition is a complex phenomenon that has become a universal problem inhibiting human development. India is home of disproportionate height and weight of children including anemia are sign of malnutrition. This study aimed to examine child malnutrition by considering three parameters—stunting (short), underweight (thin), and/or anaemia—among children aged 1–9 years. Methods: This study used nationally representative data from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS). The analytic sample was restricted to 25,885 children aged 1–9 years for whom data on height, weight, and haemoglobin level was available. This analytic sample was not significantly different from the total sample of 69,413. Based on World Health Organisation’s (WHO) cut-off for child growth standards, child malnutrition is defined as ‘severe’ if a child has suffered all 3 parameters—stunting, underweight, and anaemia, ‘mild/moderate’ if a child has suffered 1 or 2 parameters and ‘none’ if a ch...
Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette
Background In the previous few decades, India has made significant progress in reducing child mortality and fertility rates; yet, undernutrition remains one of the country’s primary public health issues. The goal of this study was to determine the extent of child malnutrition in West Bengal, India, as well as the risk factors linked with it. In diverse districts of West Bengal, a community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken utilizing multi-stage stratified cluster sampling followed by systematic random sampling. Anthropometric, individual, and household characteristics were collected from 2070 children in this study. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, and BMI-for-age z-scores were calculated. The levels and factors related with child undernutrition were studied using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Stunting, underweight, and thinness were shown to be prevalent in 25.48%, 33%, and 26.88% of children, respectively. With age, the likelihood of a c...
2015. Determinants of Child Malnutrion in India ...
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the determinants of malnutrition in children (under 5 years) in urban and rural areas of India. The ultimate objective is to frame policy proposals for children's nutritional welfare. In this empirical study, logit model is applied to 9,381 observations of urban and 18,418 of rural areas. The composite index of anthropometric failure is constructed to use it as an indicator of malnutrition. The results revealed that probability for anthropometric failure increases by age, birth-order and duration of breastfeeding. The birth-interval, delivery of the child in hospital, wealth index of the household, mother's BMI and mother's education turned out to be negatively affecting children's malnutrition in both urban and rural areas. Gender of the child has no significant effect on malnutrition in both urban and rural communities. From the policy perspective enlarging the birth-interval through family planning programs and squeezing the duration of breastfeeding by giving supplement food at subsidized rates may contribute to enhance children's nutritional status. For the long-run socioeconomic status of the household and BMI of mothers require attention of policy makers. To break the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition, the nutritional status of today's girls in the age of adolescent is recommended to be improved. The findings of study may support academicians, policy makers and social activists for human development programs in India.
International Journal of Population Studies, 2020
In the majority of low- and middle-income counties, child health-care dissimilarities are further aggravated by nutritional status (i.e., stunting, underweight, and wasting). In India, child malnutrition is the most important contributor to disease burden. The present study uses data from the 4th round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), conducted in 2015-2016. We considered anthropometric indicators of unit-level data of 2, 48, and 174 children aged 0-59 months. This study examines the socio-economic inequality in nutritional status and their determinants among under-5 year children. The factors considered in the analysis were categorized as child age in months, mother’s educational status, mother’s nutritional-status, type of caste, wealth index, birth order, and size of a child at birth. In this study, multivariate logistic regression and concentration index (CI) have been employed to explore the effect of various factors on the child’s nutritional status. The binary l...
Indian Journal of Community Health
Background: undernutrition is an important public health problems in India with more than 40% children under 5 years are undernourished. Objectives: To assess prevalence of undernutrition, regional variation and its correlates among under 5 year children. Materials & Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in all the districts of Gujarat covering all regions, using systematic sampling to assess nutritional status of under 5 year children. Nutritional assessment was done using WHO child growth standard. Results: The overall prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 44%, 42% and 20% respectively. The prevalence of undernutrition was significantly (p<0.01) higher in central region (52.4%, 49.1% & 24.2% respectively) as compared to Saurashtra & Kachchh region (31.1%, 34.9%, 12.3% respectively). Minimum dietary diversity was more in Sourashtra region (87%) and low in North region (78%). The odds of undernutrition was significantly higher among child...
We have constructed a composite indicator of anthropometric failure (CIAF) that refines the Waterlow-3 tier classification,using a recent nation-wide household survey. The CIAF and its disaggregation into subcategories of undernourished 5 years old children reveal a grimmer story of child undernutrition than conventional anthropometric indicators do. Besides, simultaneous occurrence of anthropometric failures (e.g. stunting and underweight, and stunting, wasting and underweight) is pervasive. Our analysis of determinants of CIAF yields some new insights-specifically, the important role of food prices. Investigation of the links between different anthropometric failures and prevalence of infectious diseases (viz.Diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection), however, offers some justification for the disaggregated classification of undernourished children used here. Specifically, those with more than one failure were worse-off in this respect than children with no failure. There is a strong case for income growth together with food price stabilisation in curbing child undernutrition. Education has the desired effect but it is less strong than expected. Improvement in the quality of home environment makes a difference too but it is not conditional on income or wealth alone.
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 2020
Aim: The study is an attempt to understand the effect of household socioeconomic status on both acute and chronic undernutrition in northeastern states of India. Methods: The study used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS). Distribution analysis and concentration index were used to examine the effect of household socioeconomic status on undernutrition. The study population consists of 31,908 children under five years of age. Results: The prevalence of stunting is decreasing significantly over time. While prevalence of wasting is seen to be increasing in states like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Sikkim. As the socioeconomic status of the household increases, the probability of both height-forage and weight-for-height z-score less than-2 standard deviation decreases significantly. The variation in the distribution of z-score decreases as the household socioeconomic status increases. Similarly, the value of concentration index for all the eight states irrespective of rural-urban place of residence are negative. Except for Sikkim, the concentration of undernourished children is higher in a household with lower socioeconomic status in urban areas compare to their counterparts in rural areas. Conclusion: The study shows the disproportionate concentration of undernutrition among the household with poorer socioeconomic status in northeast India. And the burden is higher in urban poor. Thus, an effort to balancing the socioeconomic inequalities accompanying with improving the accessibility of services to the poor is necessary for improving nutritional status for children under five years of age in northeast India.