Self-Assembly of Virus Particles on Flat Surfaces via Controlled Evaporation † (original) (raw)
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Bottom-up self-assembly methods in which individual molecular components self-organize to form functional nanoscale patterns are of long-standing interest in the field of materials sciences. Such self-assembly processes are the hallmark of biology where complex macromolecules with defined functions assemble from smaller molecular components. In particular, plant virus-derived nanoparticles (PVNs) have drawn considerable attention for their unique self-assembly architectures and functionalities that can be harnessed to produce new materials for industrial and biomedical applications. In particular, PVNs provide simple systems to model and assemble nanoscale particles of uniform size and shape that can be modified through molecularly defined chemical and genetic alterations. Furthermore, PVNs bring the added potential to "farm" such bio-nanomaterials on an industrial scale, providing a renewable and environmentally sustainable means for the production of nano-materials. This...
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2011
materials presents several distinct advantages over the use of 'synthetic' nanoparticles. These include the nearly perfect monodispersity of size and shape, convenience of synthesis from laboratory culture, and most importantly, the ability to The rapid assembly of icosohedral virus-like particles (VLPs) into highly ordered (domain size > 600 nm), oriented 2D superlattices directly onto a solid substrate using convective coating is demonstrated. In-situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) is used to follow the self-assembly process in real time to characterize the mechanism of superlattice formation, with the ultimate goal of tailoring fi lm deposition conditions to optimize long-range order. From water, GISAXS data are consistent with a transport-limited assembly process where convective fl ow directs assembly of VLPs into a lattice oriented with respect to the water drying line. Addition of a nonvolatile solvent (glycerol) modifi ed this assembly pathway, resulting in nonoriented superlattices with improved long-range order. Modifi cation of electrostatic conditions (solution ionic strength, substrate charge) also alters assembly behavior; however, a comparison of in-situ assembly data between VLPs derived from the bacteriophages MS2 and Q β show that this assembly process is not fully described by a simple Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek model alone.