Phytochemical Evaluation and in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of (original) (raw)
Related papers
Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of Senna Alata Linn. Leaves Extract
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2016
Objective: The objective of the present work is to evaluate the presence of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of different extracts from the leaves of Senna alata Linn. Methods: The serial exhaustive extraction was done with variousof solvents: Aqueous, Chloroforms, Ethanol, Methanol, Acetone, Benzene, Petroleum ether with increasing polarity using soxhlet apparatus. The phytochemical analysis was done by using the standard procedure. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method by using leaves extract against various human pathogens. Results: The results revealed that the leaves extracts contain Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Tannins, Phlobatannins, Saponins, Cardiac glycosides, Carbohydrate, Protein and Anthraquinones in major proportion. Aqueous extract was shown to be more effective against all the organisms followed by ethanol, chloroform, methanol, acetone, benzene, petroleum ether extracts. Salmonella typhi (28mm), Bacillus subtilis (28mm) was fo...
The antibacterial activities of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Senna alata leaves against three infectious bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Staphylococcus aureus) were examined using agar well diffusion method. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts were found effective against the tested clinical isolates. For the methanol extract, the highest zone of inhibition was observed against Salmonella spp with a diameter of 22.67 ± 0.67mm, followed by E. coli (20.33± 1.20mm) and S. aureus (17.00± 0.58mm). The highest zone of inhibition for ethanol extract was observed against E. coli (18.33± 1.20mm), followed by S. aureus (17.33±0.78mm) and Salmonella spp (14.67±2.40mm). The extracts demonstrated considerable activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria with the methanol extract showing higher activity than the ethanol extract. E. coli showed more susceptibility to the methanol extract of S. alata from the concentrations of 500mg/ml to 62.5mg/ml while S. aureus and Salmonella spp showed lesser susceptibility. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) result also showed that the MIC of S. alata. The phytochemical analysis carried out on the leaves of S. alata detected the presence of Alkaloids, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids and was fairly present for Phenol. The findings in this study with Senna alata leaves having antibacterial activities thus require more attention and evaluation needed against a wider range of microorganism.
Journal of Environmental Impact and Management Policy
In the current examination, the nutritional composition, phytochemical content and antibacterial activities of an extract from Senna alata leaf and stem were all evaluated. The Candle bush (Senna alata) leaf and stem were then cleaned, allowed to air dry at room temperature, and then ground. In ethanol aqueous solutions, extracts of the leaves and stems were produced. To ascertain the nutritional composition, antibacterial content, and phytochemical property, standard techniques were employed. Moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, ash content, crude fat and carbohydrate for Senna alata were measured at 16.43± 0.02, 18.89± 0.05, 9.36± 0.03, 6.17± 0.02, 16.73± 0.01, 32.42 ± 0.05 respectively for leaves extract and 4.43± 0.04, 14.22± 0.02, 5.46± 0.01, 4.17± 0.03, 14.56± 0.05, 57.16± 0.02 respectively for stem extract. Alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, saponin, tannin, and phlobatannin were quantitatively and qualitatively identified in Senna alata's aqueous and ethanolic extracts ...
Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry, 2021
Due to the use of Senna occidentalis as an antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and antibacterial agent traditionally, this study examined the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the isolated methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions of the leaves of Senna occidentalis. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were carried out using standard procedures. Antimicrobial activity was performed by using standard procedures against known common clinical isolates. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the abundant presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids in the ethyl acetate fraction. Cardiac glycosides were not detected in all the tested isolated fractions while steroids were found to be present and abundant in ethyl acetate and hexan e fractions respectively. Quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that the methanol fraction contained 4%w/w alkaloids, 0.51%w/w flavonoids, 9.5%w/w saponins, 1.3%w/w tannins 5.5%w/w terpenoids, and 0.6%w/w total phenol content. The antimicrobial susceptibility test shows a range of inhibitory zone of 10-16 mm. Hexane fraction has the highest zone of inhibition against Candida albicans. The lowest MIC values of 0.6mg/mL and 0.2mg/mL were observed in ethyl acetate fraction against Candida albicans and Escherichia coli respectively. The highest MIC was 20mg/mL was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction against Staphylococcus aureus. The MMC values were varied widely. The MMC value against Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton rubrum was 5mg/mL while the MMC value against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was 20mg/mL. The results from this study show that the leaves of Senna occidentalis can serve as a potential source of some phytochemicals and also have the potential to be developed as a source of antibiotics.
Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Senna obtusifolia (L)
Antimicrobial properties of leaf extracts of Senna obtusifolia (L) were investigated against both clinical and laboratory isolates of both bacteria and fungi using the disc diffusion method. Acetone extracts (12 mm zone diameter of inhibition, MIC 200 g/mL and MBC 300 g/mL) demonstrated the highest activity, followed by dichloromethane (8 mm zone diameter of inhibition, MIC 300 g/mL and MBC 400 g/mL), methane (7 mm zone diameter of inhibition, MIC 400 g/mL and MBC 400 g/mL) and hexane (6 mm zone diameter of inhibition, MIC 800 g/mL and MBC 1000 g/mL). Water extracts demonstrated the least activity against the test bacteria and fungi (4 mm zone diameter of inhibition, MIC 800 g/mL and MBC 800 g/mL). Phytotoconstituents present included Saponins, Tannins, Alkaloids and Flavonoids. S. obtusifolia (L) can be used to source antibiotic substances for possible treatment of bacterial and fungal infections including gonorrhea, pneumonia, urinary tract and some mycotic infections. Key words: Senna obtusifolia (L), antimicrobial property, extract antibiotic.
Phytochemical Evaluation, Antimicrobial Activities and Mineral Analysis of Senna Occidentalis Leaves
The aim of this study is to determine the appropriate solvent that is effective among ethanol, acetone and aqueous extracts of Senna occidentalis leaves respectively, examined for their antimicrobial activities against selected clinical organisms including two gram positive organisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia) and two gram negative organisms (Escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa).the mineral composition of theplant leaves was also determined. Leaves of Senna occidentalis plant were collected in a clean container in Gadau and its environ Bauchi State, Nigeria. About 250g of the plant prepared in powdered form were separately soaked in 400ml of 95% Ethanol, acetone and Distilled water in 500ml reagent bottles and stoppered. These were allowed to stand for 24 days to permit full extraction of the active ingredients. Plant filtrates were used for the phytochemical screening for saponins, alkaloids flavonoids, sterols and other polyphenols. The extracts were equally tested on the microbial isolates cultured on Mueller Hinton agarusing an agar-disc diffusion method. Standard procedure was also used for the determination of the mineral composition of the plant. Phytochemical screening shows that the plant leaves contain some secondary metabolites of therapeutic importance like saponins, alkaloid, flavonoids and sterols which forms their bioactive components. The ethanolic extract of Senna occidentalis is significantly more active against the growth of E. coli with the 3000µg/ml concentration giving the highest measurement of zone of inhibition (35).While the minerals component from this plant leaves are phosphorus (3.35±0.02), iron (2.44±0.01), zinc(1.75 ± 0.02),sodium (1.71 ± 0.01), calcium (0.77 ± 0.01) and potassium (0.66± 0.01). This research validates the traditional uses of Senna occidentalis leaves for treatment of some diseases.
Antifungal and antibacterial activities of an alcoholic extract of Senna alata leaves
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2006
Methanolic, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of Senna alata leaves were screened for phytochemicals, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Out of the three crude extracts, the methanolic extract showed the highest activity than the ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts. The unidentified active components purified from preparative thin layer chromatography exhibited low activities against Mucor, Rhizopus and Aspergillus niger at 70μg/ml while higher activity was exhibited against all the test organisms at 860μg/ml. @JASEM
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of the leaf and root extracts of Senna italica
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
The leaf and root extracts of Senna italica were screened for phytochemical properties and antibacterial activity using standard methods. Alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids were detected in aqueous-methanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts while tannins, glycosides and saponins were not detected in all the extracts. Sensitivity testing of the extracts showed a strong activity against all the test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi,Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae), which increased with increasing concentration of the extracts (30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/ml). Thus, inhibition zones of 20.0 ± 0.82, 32.0 ± 0.50, 32.0 ± 0.50, 33.0 ± 1.64 and 31.25 ± 0.25 mm were recorded at the highest concentration of 120 mg/ml for the leaf extracts against S. aureus, S. typhi, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. pneumoniae respectively. Similar trend was observed for the root extracts. Therefore, on the ground of the pronounced activity of the extracts against ...
This study was carried out to determine chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of extracts obtained from the leaves and seeds of Senna tora. The chemical compositions of the leaf and seed extracts were profiled using GC-MS while Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used to test for antibacterial potentials. GC-MS analysis showed that the main components in the leaf extract of S. tora were cis-oleic acid (29.4%), 1, E-11, Z-13-octadecatriene (13.4%), palmitic acid (13.3%), 1,E-8,Z-10-pentadecatriene (11.4%) and stearic acid (11.0%) while methyl-1-allyl-2-hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylate (20.0%), 6,9-pentadecadien-1-ol (20.0%), cis-oleic acid (16.2%), methyl-7-hexadecenoate (7.5%) and palmitic acid (6.5%) were the most abundant components in the seed extract. The leaves showed a higher inhibitory effect than the seeds, with a zone of inhibition mean value that ranged from 12.3-18.5 mm, while that of seeds ranged from 10-16.5 mm. Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited the highest susceptibility (18.5 mm), while Salmonella typhi showed the lowest (10 mm). The results of this study revealed that the leaves and the stems of the plant contained some medicinally active phytochemicals that may be important as antimicrobial agent.
In Vitro Bioactivity Test of Senna Alata (L.) Roxb Leaves Extract
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.12\_Issue.2\_Feb2022/IJHSR-Abstract.041.html, 2022
Traditionally, Senna Alata (L.) Roxb (Ketepeng Cina) has been used as an alternative medicine for typhus, diabetes, malaria, herpes, eczema, asthma, stomach ulcers, syphilis, influenza, bronchitis, intestinal worms, fungal skin diseases such as tinea versicolor, ringworm and scabies. The study's objective was to determine the active compounds, antioxidant potency and antifungal activity of Senna Alata (L.) Roxb leaves extract. Samples were extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol, ethyl acetate and N-hexane as solvents. Phytochemical analysis used the Harbone method, antioxidant testing using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and antifungal testing using the agar diffusion method. Phytochemical results proved that all Senna Alata (L.) Roxb leaves extract contained alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, glycosides. While the antioxidant test stated that ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents had solid antioxidant potential with the Inhibition Concentration (IC50) values obtained were 66.01 ppm and 78.23 ppm respectively. While the solvent N-hexane has a moderate antioxidant potential, the IC50 value obtained is 138.80 ppm. The diameter inhibition zones of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and N-hexane extracts against the Candida albicans were 8.66 mm, 10.22 mm and 8.84 mm, respectively. Cryptococcus neoformans was only inhibited by ethyl acetate and N-hexane Senna Alata (L.) Roxb leaves extracts with diameter inhibition zones of 4.84 mm and 4.44 mm, respectively.