Analysis of the Addition of CMC to Biodegradable Plastics from Banana Hump (original) (raw)
Related papers
Modification of Cassava Starch For Biodegradable Plastic Preparation
ABSTRACT Starches are unsuitable for most applications, therefore it must be modified chemically and/or physically to enhance their positive attributed and/or to minimize their defects. Starch can be produced from maize, potato, tapioca or cassava, wheat, rice and other foods. This research was based on the preparation of modified cassava starch using the acid treatment, acetylation and cross-link method and it was used in preparation of biodegradable plastic. The most suitable parameter of native cassava starch were 1:5 ratio of cassava to water at 5 hours settling time. The optimum parameters of modified cassava starch by acid treatment were 0.5mL of 35% hydrochloric acid and 0.05% of sodium hydroxide at 40oC reaction temperature for 75 minutes of reaction time, by acetylation were 2mL of acetic acid, 0.01% of sodium hydroxide, at room temperature (28-30oC)for 60 minutes and by cross-link method were 0.2g of fumaric acid, 0.2g of sodium acetate, at room temperature (28-30oC)and 60 minutes. Moreover the contents of moisture and ash, pH and gelatinization temperature were investigated. Both native and modified cassava starches (by three different methods) were determined by X-ray Diffractomer, FTIR, TG-DTA and SEM. The prepared modified cassava starch (cross-linked starch and acetylated starch)were used in preparation of biodegradable plastic by three formulae. Formula 1 and Formula 2 gave hard plastic film and soft plastic film. Formula 3 gave the bad and poor texture of biodegradable plastic film. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic such as tensile strength, elongation test, colour, biodegradability test, morphology, solubility test and moisture absorption were determined and compared with literature value. Biodegradable plastic prepared by acetylated method and cross-link method was identified by using SEM and TG-DTA.
This project was conducted because the researchers found out that global warming is one of the chief reasons why the world is suffering. Pollution was rampant, piles of garbage stack in marine ecosystem. The use of synthetic plastics primarily contributed to pollution problem. That is why the researchers came up with the project of making biodegradable plastic. The project can reduce the problem of pollution by making biodegradable plastic as new and safe materials. The first step done by the researchers was the peeling of one-half kilo of squash. It was boiled for twenty minutes and separated from the juice. Then, it was blended using the blender to produce a solid paste. The sawdust was strained to get the finest particles. The researchers prepared the Polyvinyl Alcohol Mixture to be used as plasticizer. When squash paste cooled, three treatments were made. All components were equal except for the grams of sawdust. All treatments were heated until it became a sticky paste. It was then put into a plastic pad with non-sticky surface and flattened using a bottle. The treatments were allowed to air dry for ten days and heated in the oven for thirty minutes. The treatments were subjected to test of water absorption, solubility in acid, tensile strength and biodegradability. For conclusion, the researchers believed that among the three treatments, the first treatment showed the best results in the tensile strength tests conducted. The three treatments absorbed water, dissolved in acid and were biodegradable.
Synthesis of Biodegradable Plastic from Household Organic Waste
Journal of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology
Objective: Bioplastic is synthesized from organic substances and is biodegradable in nature. It can solve the environmental problems associated with petroplastic and secure the future through prominent research efforts and growing environmental concerns. Though, in India, bioplastics are still in their infancy. Methods: It is currently facing various challenges such as strength, feasibility, and cost of synthesis. Moreover, markets are less aware of the concept and potentiality of bioplastics. In this study, bioplastics were prepared using household solid waste by extracting starch from potato and banana peels and further adding plasticisers. Results: The water-holding capacity and tensile strength of the synthesized plastic are 0.7wt% and 23.17MPa, respectively, which are comparable to commercially available plastic. Conclusion: This study describes the synthesis of bio-degradable plastic using vegetable waste and has significant applications in mulch farming.
Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska
Research was carried out in order to assess biodegradability of degradable/biodegradable materials made of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA additive) or made of polyethylene (PE) with the addition of pro-oxidant additive (d2w additive), advertised as 100% degradable or certifi ed as compostable within various types of environments. Research conditions were: (i) controlled composting environment – laboratory-scale, (ii) real composting conditions – domestic compost bin, (iii) real composting conditions – industrial composting plant and (iv) landfill conditions. The results demonstrate that the materials made of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA additive) or made of polyethylene (PE) with the addition of pro-oxidant additive (d2w additive) or advertised as 100% degradable did not biodegrade in any of the above-described conditions and remained completely intact at the end of the tests. Biodegradation of the certified compostable...
Degradation Study of Biodegradable Plastic Using Nata De Coco as A Filler
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry, 2018
Starch is known as a biodegradable raw material that can be degraded by bacteria and microorganisms in the soil. Starch has cellulose which is kind of plant cellulose. This study shows the biodegradation rates of plastic made from Ganyong Canna (Canna edulis Kerr) as a cellulose source which is added with nata de coco as a filler. The biodegradable plastic functional group was confirmed by using FITR. The results show that the O-H group of Ganyong Canna (Canna edulis Kerr) biodegradable plastic is located at wave number 3298.03 cm-1 and shifted to 3290.32 cm-1 after addition of nata de coco. The C-H bonds functional groups in Canna biodegradable plastics and nata de coco plastics are at wave numbers 2920.01 cm-1 and 2916.16 cm-1. While the C-O bonds functional groups in biodegradable starch plastics and nata de coco is shown at wave numbers 995.05 cm-1. The mechanical properties of biodegradable plastics testing are thickness, tensile strength, and elongation based on the ASTM metho...
Synthesis and Experimental Study of Production Bio plastic from Banana Peels
Research gate, 2019
The synthesis of bio plastic material by using waste banana peels, which can be collected from everywhere nowadays. The aim of the study was to identify where the most load resistant plastic with respect to the residence time, P H value, and amount of plasticizer used for preparing bio plastic. The paste was hydrolyzed by 0.1 M, and 0.5 M of HCl for breaking the chain of the amylopectin in the starch. In addition to adjust the P H value according to 0.1 M, and 0.5 M of NaOH and different amount of plasticizer (3 ml, 4 ml, and 5 ml) used for making the prepared sample flexible. The prototype of this project represents the process of manufacturing bio-plastic from banana peels were carried out with at P H (neutral, base and acid), residence time (5, 10, and, 15 min), and amount of plasticizes (3 ml, 4 ml, and 5ml) to test the tensile strength and water absorption. The best plastic film we obtained at P H neutral, residence time 15 min and amount of plasticizes 3 ml, which gave as a tensile strength 0.1445 N/mm 2 and per cent of water absorption 18.18. Bio plastic prepared using the banana peels serve as potential alternative to the conventional plastic material. Making bio plastic from banana peels instead of traditional petroleum based plastic is believed to be successful solution for environmental pollution regulation.
Production of biodegradable plastic from agricultural wastes
Agricultural residues management is considered to be a vital strategy in order to accomplish resource conservation and to maintain the quality of the environment. In recent years, biofibers have attracted increasing interest due to their wide applications in food packaging and in the biomedical sciences. These eco-friendly polymers reduce rapidly and replace the usage of the petroleum-based synthetic polymers due to their safety, low production costs, and biodegradability. This paper reports an efficient method for the production of the cellulose acetate biofiber from flax fibers and cotton linters. The used process satisfied a yield of 81% and 54% for flax fibers and cotton linters respectively (based on the weight of the cellulosic residue used). The structure of the produced bioplastic was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and gel permeation chromatography. Moreover, this new biopolymer is biodegradable and is not affected by acid or salt treatment but is alkali labile. A comparison test showed that the produced cellulose acetate was affected by acids to a lesser extent than polypropylene and polystyrene. Therefore, this new cellulose acetate bioplastics can be applied in both the food industry and medicine.
Polímeros
Waste mango was used to obtain starch and micro-cellulose for the production of bioplastic. Three different formulations were made: positive control or cotyledon starch/glycerol; SC 1 or cotyledon starch/glycerol and cellulose at 0.1% and SC 5 or cotyledon starch/glycerol and cellulose at 0.5% w/w. The bioplastics were mechanically analyzed (tensile strength, elongation and Young´s modulus) and, aerobic biodegradation analysis was realized with a standard test method based on the amount of material carbon converted to CO 2. The mechanical tests indicated that with the addition of cellulose, the bioplastics improved their mechanical properties. The biodegradation at 30 days showed 93 and 94% for SC 1 and SC 5. Therefore, the biodegradation of bioplastics depends on both, the addition of cellulose and the environment where they are placed (e.g., soil characteristics: pH level, C:N ratio, moisture). These bioplastics offer new opportunities for fast degrading biomaterials in agricultural applications (padding and protection bags).
Manufacturing of Bio-Plastic from Organic or Renewable Biomass Sources of Agricultural Waste
2020
Bio-plastic is eco-friendly and bio-degradable plastic due to which it provides an effective way to replace the synthetic plastics. It is produced from starch-based agricultural waste products such as rise husk, corn, cassava. This eco-friendly plastic reduces and replaces the usage of petroleum-based synthetic plastic due to their safety and bio- degradability. It reduces the air pollution which is created by burning the agricultural field residues and maintains the quality of the environment. Bio-plastic are plastic or substance derived from organic or renewable biomass sources from agricultural products or microbial such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, banana peels, potato starch. In this paper we see starch as a source for producing bio-plastic using the agricultural field residues. As India is an agricultural driven country providing large number of agricultural wastes which will allow competitive and growing advantage for bio-plastic industry in the country. In this w...
Bioplastic made from starch as a better alternative to commercially available plastic
Science Education, 2021
The development of biodegradable polymers for both industrial and commercial uses is critical nowadays due to the detrimental environmental implications of synthetic plastics. Experimental research on the biodegradation in soil behavior of PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) and Corn and Rice Starch-based Bioplastics are presented in this paper. The biodegradability rate of these starch-based bioplastics is compared to commercially available plastics in this paper. The findings demonstrate the bioplastics' viability as a replacement for conventional plastics. The tensile strength after one month of PLA 20 film is 14.9 MPa and PLA 50 film is 24.0 MPa. Elongation at break of PLA 30 and PLA 75 had already decreased from 17.5 percent to 1.3% and from 3.5% to 1.8%, respectively in one month. Corn and rice starchbased bioplastic that was buried in 15 days has a biodegradability rate of 48.73%, while conventional plastic has only a 2% biodegradability rate after 1 year of soil burial.