Removal of Heavy Metals from Water and Waste Water by Electrocoagulation Process –A Review (original) (raw)
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Heavy metals removal from aqueous environments by electrocoagulation process– a systematic review
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2015
Heavy metals pollution has become a more serious environmental problem in the last several decades as a result releasing toxic materials into the environment. Various techniques such as physical, chemical, biological, advanced oxidation and electrochemical processes were used for the treatment of domestic, industrial and agricultural effluents. The commonly used conventional biological treatments processes are not only time consuming but also need large operational area. Accordingly, it seems that these methods are not cost-effective for effluent containing toxic elements. Advanced oxidation techniques result in high treatment cost and are generally used to obtain high purity grade water. The chemical coagulation technique is slow and generates large amount of sludge. Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical technique with many applications. This process has recently attracted attention as a potential technique for treating industrial wastewater due to its versatility and environmental compatibility. This process has been applied for the treatment of many kinds of wastewater such as landfill leachate, restaurant, carwash, slaughterhouse, textile, laundry, tannery, petroleum refinery wastewater and for removal of bacteria, arsenic, fluoride, pesticides and heavy metals from aqueous environments. The objective of the present manuscript is to review the potential of electrocoagulation process for the treatment of domestic, industrial and agricultural effluents, especially removal of heavy metals from aqueous environments. About 100 published studies (1977-2016) are reviewed in this paper. It is evident from the literature survey articles that electrocoagulation are the most frequently studied for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2020
https://www.ijert.org/study-of-electrocoagulation-process-for-removal-of-heavy-metals-from-industrial-wastewater-a-review https://www.ijert.org/research/study-of-electrocoagulation-process-for-removal-of-heavy-metals-from-industrial-wastewater-a-review-IJERTV9IS090526.pdf The aim of this article is to review the relevant literature that published from 2008 to 2019 on topics related to electrocoagulation within the wastewater. The main objective is focusing on electrocoagulation process for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater depending on the mechanism and several affected parameters such as pH current density, applied voltage, electrode material, time, applied voltage, inter electrode distance, initial concentration which have been published in journals.
Removal of heavy metal from electroplating wastewater using electrocoagulation: a review
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
Electrocoagulation is one of the promising processes to treat a variety of wastewater including electroplating wastewater, distillery effluent, pulp, and paper mill effluent, etc. This method is well applicable to treat wastewater of chemical oxygen demand range in 1,000-20,000 mg/dm 3. In addition, the electrocoagulation process is very effective in the removal of metal or heavy metal from the wastewater depending on the nature of the metal and its concentration. However, a number of technologies such as coagulation, adsorption, precipitation, and membrane separation are also available to treat such type wastewater but in the last few decade, electrocoagulation method gains more popularity due to its versatility and environmental compatibility. The present article gives a critical and concise review of electroplating effluent towards heavy metals removal from electroplating effluent. Additionally, the role of electrocoagulation on the removal of various pollutants from different industrial wastewater including mining, textile, pulp, paper mill, distillery, chemical, paint, petroleum, and tannery are also summarized. The concept of electrocoagulation and its operating parameters are also explained in detail.
Study of Electrocoagulation Process for Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater A Review
2020
The aim of this article is to review the relevant literature that published from 2008 to 2019 on topics related to electrocoagulation within the wastewater. The main objective is focusing on electrocoagulation process for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater depending on the mechanism and several affected parameters such as pH current density, applied voltage, electrode material, time, applied voltage, inter electrode distance, initial concentration which have been published in journals. Keywords—Electrocoagulation, industrial wastewater, heavy metal removal.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Water using Electrocoagulation
IRJET, 2022
In this study, removal of manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) from a sample by electrocoagulation (EC) method using iron and zinc electrode plates were investigated. The influences of various operational parameters such as different electrodes (iron and zinc), time (15,30,45,60,75min) and different supporting electrolyte (sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2)) on removal efficiency were investigated. It was seen from the results that removal efficiencies were significantly affected by the electrode and the supporting electrolyte. The experimental results indicated that after 60 minutes of electrocoagulation the highest Cu and Mn removal of 93.57% and 76.96% were achieved using iron electrode and supporting electrolyte-NaCl respectively. The experimental results revealed that the removal of heavy metal ions by our electrochemical cell was successful.
Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals from Electroplating Wastewater using Electrocoagulation
Heavy metals are toxic to humans on consumption if disposed with inefficient treatment facilities in water bodies or on land. Such industrial wastewater needs effective treatment before disposal as they may mostly contain heavy metals in dissolved form, advance treatments are required for efficient, economical with low operational and maintenance systems for commercial utilisation.
Effect of operational parameters on heavy metal removal by electrocoagulation
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014
In the present paper, the performance of electrocoagulation (EC) for the treatability of mixed metals (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)) from metal plating industrial wastewater (EPW) has been investigated. The study mainly focused on the affecting parameters of EC process, such as electrode material, initial pH, distance between electrodes, electrode size, and applied voltage. The pH 8 is observed to be the best for metal removal. Fe-Fe electrode pair with 1-cm inter-electrode distance and electrode surface area of 40 cm 2 at an applied voltage of 8 V is observed to more efficient in the metal removal. Experiments have shown that the maximum removal percentage of the metals like Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb are reported to be 96.2, 96.4, 99.9, 98, and 99.5 %, respectively, at a reaction time of 30 min. Under optimum conditions, the energy consumption is observed to be 51.40 kWh/m 3. The method is observed to be very effective in the removal of metals from electroplating effluent.
Removal of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cu, Ni) by Electrocoagulation
International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 2015
In this study, removal of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) from a simulated wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC) method using batch cylindrical iron reactor was investigated. The influences of various operational parameters such as initial pH (3, 5, 7), current density (30, 40, 50 mA/cm 2) and initial heavy metal concentration (10, 20, 30 ppm) on removal efficiency were investigated. It was seen from the results that removal efficiencies were significantly affected by the applied current density and pH. The experimental results indicated that after90 minutes electrocoagulation the highest Cd, Ni, Cu removal of 99.78%, 99.98%, 98.90% were achieved at the current density of 30 mA/cm 2 and pH of 7 using supporting electrolyte (0,05 M Na 2 SO 4) respectively. The experimental results revealed that the removal of heavy metal ions by our design electrochemical cell can be successfully achieved.
Application of electrocoagulation for the removal of transition metals in water
Sustainability, 2023
Urban and industrial effluents, stormwater, road runoff, agricultural runoff, urban or mine waste deposits and fuel storage sites can lead to the contamination of water sources with compounds that are hard to biodegrade, such as heavy metals, whose removal requires advanced and expensive technologies. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the UN and the current requirements in terms of energy efficiency, reduction of carbon emissions, water reuse, waste valorization and preservation of public health, have led to a rethink concerning the typology of technologies for the treatment of water and the production of drinking water. Electrocoagulation (EC) stands out in this scenario due to its high efficiency in the removal of several pollutants, production of low sludge volumes and adaptability to the use of renewable energies. This is in addition to the ease with which it can be combined with other water treatment technologies. This work presents a literature review to systematize the use of EC for the removal of transition metals in water to produce drinking water, since these elements are present in several natural water sources and are parameters used in the legislation of many countries for the quality control of drinking water. The works found were analyzed in detail, and relationships between pre-set variables and categories were determined through regression analysis. Generally, it was found that EC is a highly efficient technology for the removal of transition metals in water (above 75% for most metals), specifically through parallel plates technologies with iron and aluminum electrodes with a minimum spacing of 1 cm and density minimum applied current of 10 A/m2.
Removal turbidity and separation of heavy metals using electrocoagulation–electroflotation technique
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009
The electrocoagulation (EC) process was developed to overcome the drawbacks of conventional wastewater treatment technologies. This process is very effective in removing organic pollutants including dyestuff wastewater and allows for the reduction of sludge generation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of the operating parameters, such as pH, initial concentration (C 0 ), duration of treatment (t), current density (j), interelectrode distance (d) and conductivity (Ä) on a synthetic wastewater in the batch electrocoagulation-electroflotation (EF) process. The optimal operating conditions were determined and applied to a textile wastewater and separation of some heavy metals. Initially a batch-type EC-EF reactor was operated at various current densities (11.55, 18.6, 35.94, 56.64, 74.07 and 91.5 mA/cm 2 ) and various interelectrode distance (1, 2 and 3 cm). For solutions with 300 mg/L of silica gel, high turbidity removal (89.54%) was obtained without any coagulants when the current density was 11.55 mA/cm 2 , initial pH was 7.6, conductivity was 2.1 mS/cm, duration of treatment was 10 min and interelectrode distance was 1 cm. The application of the optimal operating parameters on a textile wastewater showed a high removal efficiency for various items: suspended solid (SS) 86.5%, turbidity 81.56%, biological oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) 83%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 68%, and color over 92.5%. During the EC process under these conditions, we have studied the separation of some heavy metal ions such as iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) with different initial concentrations in the range of 50-600 mg/L and initial pH between 7.5 and 7.8. This allowed us to show that the kinetics of electrocoagulation-electroflotation is very quick (<15 min), and the removal rate reaches 95%.