Creating value through open data (original) (raw)
Licentiate thesis: Public sector open data - Shaping an arena for innovation and value creation
This research initially sprung out of a natural curiosity for the emerging phenomenon of open data with its combination of democratic perspectives, since it is based on freedom of information legislation, and its potential for a multitude of citizen driven innovations. Research showed that while open data repeatedly was being envisioned for having immense potential of leading to a multitude of innovations and societal impacts, most of the attention still remained on challenges related to enable a broad realisation of open data, that is, putting more data on the web. At the same time, research and reports indicated that open data was a more complex matter than expected, and that the release of open data was guarded by myths saying that opening up of data equalled instant benefits from open data use, and that open data initiatives were emerging too slowly. In general, the understanding of how to address open data so that the envisioned innovative potential was enabled remained a press...
The process of open data publication and reuse
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2018
Open data movement advocates support to public authorities by making available to society the public information they manage. The data released are identified as open government data and the creation of open data portals supports their commitment through open government policies. The worldwide increase of the open data publication is making more necessary the modelling of its impact on society. This research analyses the process of open data publication starting in the internal systems of the organization and reaching the actual reuse of data in reuser's ecosystem surrounding the open data portals. Different reuser's profiles are identified and described within the reuser's ecosystem. Some key elements of the publication process are presented in order to guarantee sustainability of open data initiatives and to further analyse the social and economic impact.
The Open Data Canvas–Analyzing Value Creation from Open Data
Digital Government: Research and Practice
Expectations to derive value from open data are high. However, how value is created from open data is still largely unknown. Open data value is usually generated in constellation of actors in which each player has different capabilities and roles. To understand the open data value creation process, the business model canvas is introduced in this article. The typical components of the business model canvas and open data value creation are derived from the literature. By combining these two research streams, the open data value model canvas is created. The case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide dashboard developed by the Johns Hopkins University is used to evaluate the model's utility. Key components of the open data value model are creating an overview of various data sources from public and private organizations, having capabilities to combine heterogeneous data, and connecting data and needs. In this way, the open data canvas helps to grasp the value creation logic.
Open Data: Barriers, Risks and Opportunities
Despite the development of Open Data platforms, the wider deployment of Open Data still faces significant barriers. It requires identifying the obstacles that have prevented e-government bodies either from implementing an Open Data strategy or from ensuring its sustainability. This paper presents the results of a study carried out between June and November 2012, in which we analyzed three cases of Open Data development through their platforms, in a medium size city (Rennes, France), a large city (Berlin, Germany), and at national level (UK). It aims to draw a clear typology of challenges, risks, limitations and barriers related to Open Data. Indeed the issues and constraints faced by re-users of public data differ from the ones encountered by the public data providers. Through the analysis of the experiences in opening data, we attempt to identify how barriers were overcome and how risks were managed. Beyond passionate debates in favor or against Open Data, we propose to consider the development of an Open Data initiative in terms of risks, contingency actions, and expected opportunities. We therefore present in this paper the risks to Open Data organized in 7 categories: (1) governance, (2) economic issues, (3) licenses and legal frameworks, (4) data characteristics, (5) metadata, (6) access, and skills.
Open data – an introduction to the issue
ITM Web of Conferences
Rapidly developing of internet technologies and digitalization of government generate more and more data. Databases from various public institutions and private sectors, e.g. in the fields of economics, transport, environment and public safety are publishing in the global Internet network, so that any user can browse them without additional charges. Most of this data is published on the open data portals. Open data - that is, “open”, public data can allow the processing and analysis of information contained in them completely free of charge. This article is an introduction to a fairly new area of issues such as “open data” or “open government”, presents the main mechanisms of accessing to data in public open data portals and also propose a conceptual open data/government model.
Open data concept, its application and experiences
Vojnotehnicki glasnik, 2019
Creating a richer, more equitable and just society requires that governments work in a more transparent and responsible way-to maintain regular and meaningful communication with citizens. Open data is the means to achieve this goal. Open data is digital data available to the public. It has such technical and legal characteristics that anyone, at any time and everywhere can use, re-use and redistribute it. The focus in this paper is data that is easily accessed and used and distributed for free. It is structured for usability and computer analysis. Such data is called publicly available or open data. The paper deals with the basic concepts of Open data, where it is most used, the most important experiences and benefits in its use, how it impacts human lives, which foregoing preconditions have to be met in order to significantly increase the effects of open data, how influence is created with it and the challenges that arise in its use.
Assessing Social Value in Open Data Initiatives: A Framework
Open data initiatives are characterized, in several countries, by a great extension of the number of data sets made available for access by public administrations, constituencies, businesses and other actors, such as journalists, international institutions and academics, to mention a few. However, most of the open data sets rely on selection criteria, based on a technology-driven perspective, rather than a focus on the potential public and social value of data to be published. Several experiences and reports confirm this issue, such as those of the Open Data Census. However, there are also relevant best practices. The goal of this paper is to investigate the different dimensions of a framework suitable to support public administrations, as well as constituencies, in assessing and benchmarking the social value of open data initiatives. The framework is tested on three initiatives, referring to three different countries, Italy, the United Kingdom and Tunisia. The countries have been selected to provide a focus on European and Mediterranean countries, considering also the difference in legal frameworks (civic law vs. common law countries).
Reflections on the Concept of Open Data
Though “open data” is much discussed as a practice, it is much less discussed as a concept. There is consensus that open data is an emerging global social movement—an Open Data Movement—that encourages a shift in behaviour about performing data-centric tasks, such as governing or researching, to make them more connected and collaborative and thereby improve transparency, accountability, research discovery, knowledge access and knowledge co-production. But just what do we mean by the qualifying word “open”? Open data is understood to mean data resources that are: (1) free for people to access; (2) free from most legal constraints on reuse; and (3) put into formats that maximise interoperability and linkage. This definition, however, fails to fully address all the conceptual and policy issues at play in the Open Data Movement. In this analysis piece, I offer some critical reflections on the Open Data Movement and unpack the meaning of “open” data so as to offer a richer understanding of the concept.
Open Data: A Paradigm Shift in the Heart of
2014
In today's global economy, governments are coming to comprehend new realities and adopt new approaches to cope with the paradigm shift in citizens' relations. Among the different trends in recent years is the concept of open data where it requires governments placing more data for public consumption. The use and reuse of open data is argued to contribute to enormous potential for economies and citizens welfare. This article attempts to explore and provide a short overview of the concept of open data and its current applications. The primary contribution of the article is the presentation of a case study of how the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government envisages using open data to develop decision support models to improve public service delivery and primarily citizens' quality of life. The presented approach aims to promote discussion among policy and decision-makers and fuel debate and knowledge development in this critical and evolving field of practice.
The Benefits of Open Data Final Report
The purpose of this research project was to examine the benefits and the challenges of publishing Open Data for government organizations. It is presumed that open and accessible data offers multiple benefits, including improved openness and accountability, as well as an increase in innovation and economic growth. This paper aims to help public organizations make sound and informed decisions for extending their Open Data initiatives by determining the social, economic and environmental benefits of publishing Open Data, thereby creating a more cost-effective, transparent, efficient and responsive government.
Open Data as Universal Service. New perspectives in the Information Profession
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014
The Internet provides a global information flow, which improves living conditions in poor countries as well as in rich countries. Owing to its abundance and quality, public information (meteorological, geographic, transport information... and also the content managed in libraries, archives and museums) is an incentive for change, becoming invaluable and accessible to all citizens. However, it is clear that Open Data plays a significant role and provides a business service in the digital economy. Nevertheless, it is unknown how this amount of public data may be introduced as universal service to make it available to all citizens in matters of education, health, culture ... In fact, a function or role which has traditionally been assumed by libraries. In addition, information professionals will have to acquire new skills that enable them to assume a new role in the information management: data management (Open Data) and content management (Open Content). Thus, this study analyzes new roles, which will be assumed by new information professionals such as metadata, interoperability, access licenses, information search and retrieval tools and applications for data queries.
Open Data : Attracting third party innovations
2014
With the adoption of European Commission directives in 2003 related to open data, member States of EU were encouraged to provide citizens access to previously inaccessible public sector data. This published public data could be used, reused and distributed free of charge. Following these directives, many municipalities within Sweden and Europe in general created open data portals for publishing public sector data. With such data published, expectations of third party innovations were highly envisaged. This thesis adopts a qualitative research approach to investigate the challenges and proposed solution of using open data for third party innovation. The thesis identifies various aspects of governance, architecture and business model that public organizations should take into consideration in order to attract third party innovations on open data. Specifically, the results of this thesis suggest that in order for open data to act as a platform for innovation, there is need for integration of open data policies. This involves developing common standards relating to governance, data format, and architecture. Harmonizing these standards across municipalities within Sweden and Europe, would provide the much-needed user based which is necessary to enhance the two-sided nature of innovations on open data platforms.
Public Data Analysis and Utilization
IRJET, 2022
The Fourth Industrial Revolution heralds the advent of the data era. Companies that retain and use enormous amounts of data are at the forefront of market innovation, and artificial intelligence and robotics, which are fast-growing in all aspects of the nation and society, are also data-driven. Following this trend, advanced nations, particularly the United States, realize the critical role of data in determining future competitiveness and are revitalizing the data sector and making public data more accessible. This paper analyses domestic and international trends in public data and discusses the openness and use of domestic public data. Following that, while developing commercial services that make use of public data, the issues and concerns associated with public data are highlighted.
Researching the emerging impacts of open data
2013
Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Open data: definitions, history and dilemmas 5 Operational definitions 6 3. Approaches to open data research 9 4. Open data, governance and emerging impacts: a conceptual framework 12 Open Data 13 Data 13 Licenses 13 Data standards 14 Intermediaries 14 Reconsidering openness 15 Governance 15 The emerging impacts: 16 Transparency and accountability 17 Inclusion and empowerment 19 Innovation and economic development 19 Conceptual framework: review 21 5. Putting the framework into practice 23 Case studies 23 Common assessment methods 26 Cross-cutting research 26 6. Conclusions 29 Bibliography 31 1 Public Sector Information (PSI) can be defined as "information products and services, generated, created, collected, processed, preserved, maintained, disseminated, or funded Sebastopol Open Government Data Principles Government data shall be considered open if it is made public in a way that complies with the principles below:
JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government
Current open data systems lag behind in their promised value creation and sustainability. The objective of the current study is twofold: 1) to investigate whether existing open data systems meet the requirements of open data ecosystems, and 2) to develop a research agenda that discusses the gaps between current open data systems on the one hand and participatory, value-creating, sustainable open data ecosystems on the other hand. The literature reveals that the main characteristics of value-creating, sustainable open data ecosystems are user-drivenness, inclusiveness, circularity, and skill-based. Our comparative case study of five open data systems in various application domains and countries highlighted that none of these systems are real open data ecosystems: they often do not balance open data supply and demand, exclude specific user groups and domains, are linear, and lack skill-training. We elaborate on a research agenda that discusses how research should address the challenge...
Open Government Data: Fostering Innovation
JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government
The provision of public information contributes to the enrichment and enhancement of the data produced by the government as part of its activities, and the transformation of heterogeneous data into information and knowledge. This process of opening changes the operational mode of public administrations, leveraging the data management, encouraging savings and especially in promoting the development of services in subsidiary and collaborative form between public and private entities. The demand for new services also promotes renewed entrepreneurship centred on responding to new social and territorial needs through new technologies. In this sense we speak of Open Data as an enabling infrastructure for the development of innovation and as an instrument to the development and diffusion of Innovation and Communications Technology (ICT) in the public system as well as creating space for innovation for businesses, particularly SMEs, based on the exploitation of information assets of the ter...
From Re–use of Public Sector Information to Open Data
In the new era of ICT modern states are the most powerful collectors and source of all kind of information. Governments often hold very rich data, much of which is made public, but it still rests a significant part that is hidden from the public. Therefore the main issue under investigation in this paper is the Public Sector Information. It refers to non-personal data produced, stored or collected by public sector bodies. The topic is based on several guidelines, such as economy of knowledge, the governmental transparency and economic growth. Once this information is made publicly available it gives us the chance to discover new and innovative solution and boost sustainable development. On other hand, it fosters the participation of citizens in political and social life and increases the transparency of government. The aim of the study is to show that Public data has significant potential for re-use in new products and services. For this reason, it describes the findings in the new legislation of the PSI. With the new European legal framework concerning the reuse of public sector information, the Directive 2013/37, significant part of the barriers in front of the access to public sector information are erased and it is created a genuine right to re-use of public sector information. The research methods used are desk study, comparative analysis and case study.
Researching the emerging impacts of open data - ODDC conceptual framework
2013
Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Open data: definitions, history and dilemmas 5 Operational definitions 6 3. Approaches to open data research 9 4. Open data, governance and emerging impacts: a conceptual framework 12 Open Data 13 Data 13 Licenses 13 Data standards 14 Intermediaries 14 Reconsidering openness 15 Governance 15 The emerging impacts: 16 Transparency and accountability 17 Inclusion and empowerment 19 Innovation and economic development 19 Conceptual framework: review 21 5. Putting the framework into practice 23 Case studies 23 Common assessment methods 26 Cross-cutting research 26 6. Conclusions 29 Bibliography 31 1 Public Sector Information (PSI) can be defined as "information products and services, generated, created, collected, processed, preserved, maintained, disseminated, or funded Sebastopol Open Government Data Principles Government data shall be considered open if it is made public in a way that complies with the principles below: