Biochar-Assisted Wastewater Treatment and Waste Valorization (original) (raw)
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Potential Use of Biochar in Wastewater Treatment Operations and Soil Improvement
Current Trends in Natural Sciences
Biochar is produced through thermochemical decomposition, so called as pyrolysis, of different biomass groups in the presence of little or no oxygen. Resultant material is highly stable material with excellent surface characteristics and pore structure and is also rich in functional groups. Such properties of the material are largely influenced by pre- and post-treatments and thermal decomposition conditions. Various methods have been used for thermal decomposition of biomass, such as pyrolysis thermal carbonization, torrefaction and microwave heating at different temperatures and for different durations. Biochar has recently started to be used for wastewater treatment and water pollution control purposes. It is also used to improve soil properties including aggregate stability, water holding capacity and organic matter content. It is a new, economic and environment friendly material to be used in wastewater treatments technology and soil improvement. In this study, biochar producti...
Biochar production by sewage sludge pyrolysis
2013
Sewage sludge was pyrolyzed in order to assess the effect of pyrolysis temperature, residence time and biomass chemical impregnation on the yield of biochar production. The pyrolysis temperature was a key factor affecting biochar yield, while the highest yield was obtained at a temperature of 300 • C. Biochar surface area increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature and was maximized (90 m 2 /g) by impregnating biochar with K 2 CO 3 . Raw sewage sludge, as well as biochar samples, were subjected to leaching tests in order to investigate the potential release of heavy metals. Pyrolysis suppressed heavy metal release for the non-impregnated biochars, indicating that there is no environmental risk using sludgederived biochars as soil amendments. Although K 2 CO 3 and H 3 PO 4 impregnation enhanced the solubility of specific heavy metals, the concentrations in the leachates were low. Biochar impregnated with K 2 CO 3 released 85.7% of its potassium content, whereas orthophosphates were bound strongly in the biochar matrix impregnated with H 3 PO 4 . The non impregnated biochar was subjected to batch kinetic experiments in order to examine its ability to adsorb As(V) and Cr(III). Biochar removed approximately 70% of Cr(III) at equilibrium time, whereas only 30% of As(V) was adsorbed onto biochar surface, implying that biochar is more efficient in removing cations than anions from aqueous solutions. (E. Diamadopoulos).
Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2021
Biological sludge from wastewater treatment is a by‐product from the pulp and paper industry, for which several management approaches are being researched to develop added‐value applications and to decrease the disposal costs. This work studied biological sludge pyrolysis to produce biochar for further use as soil amendment. The pyrolysis was conducted in a bench‐scale fixed‐bed reactor using distinct operating conditions, namely heating rate between 2 °C min−1 and 30 °C min−1 and peak temperature between 300 °C and 600 °C. The results demonstrated that biochar yield was between 0.40 and 0.73 kg kg–1 dry sludge. A trend for biochar yield to decrease with increasing peak temperature and heating rate was observed. The carbon content of biochar was between 42.8 and 47.0 wt%. The biochar pH was between 6.9 and 11.2. The effect of the biochar produced by pyrolysis as a soil corrective was evaluated in this work. Samples of biochar produced at 450 °C and 10 °C min−1 were incubated in a se...
SWS Journal of EARTH and PLANETARY SCIENCES, 2019
Especially in non-urbanized areas there is a need to use various waste products, e.g. from agriculture, households, etc. New products that are created in a simple way should be able to be used many times without the use of complicated and expensive technology. This article presents the potential of biochar used in wastewater treatment processes and sludge management in small installations - for the maximum maintained number of users equal to 50. The possibilities of two substances used in sewage management processes, such as char and biochar will be presented. These substances, produced from pyrolysis, are stable carbon-rich compounds which have various beneficial applications like soil conditioning, remediation and wastewater treatment. In particular, biochar originating from wastewater sludge pyrolysis, possible to be generated at the place of formation, was taken into account. In addition, ways to increase the reliability of the treatment plant with biochar based filters are desc...
Role of Biochar in Wastewater Treatment and Sustainability
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Biochar is a substitute obtained from the combustion of carbonaceous-rich biomass viz. algal biomass, agricultural and forest residues, manures, etc. (Feng and Zhu 2017; Abbas et al. 2018). Biochar has gained worldwide attention due to its role in soil fertility, bio-energy production, environmental remediation, and carbon sequestration processes (Suliman et al. 2017). It has been observed that biochar has the outstanding ability to immobilize the organic and inorganic contaminants from the soil as well as water environment (Wei et al. 2018). Moreover, it is an economical way to reduce antibiotics, aromatic dyes, and agrochemicals from the environment (Qiao et al. 2018; Dash et al. 2021; Kumar et al. 2021). It thus helps in reducing bioaccumulation, which otherwise leads entering of persistent, non-biodegradable inorganic and organic compounds into the food chain and causes various health problems. This characteristic makes the biochar more popular along with its diverse applications involving adsorption, microporosity, ion exchangeability, etc. (Rehman et al. 2016; Kour et al. 2021). Anthropogenic activities are imposing harmful effects on nature and deteriorating it day by day. Agrochemicals, biomedical waste, and industrial effluents are among Balram Sahu and Anisha Srivastava contributed equally with all other contributors.
Biochar Production, Modification, and Its Uses in Soil Remediation: A Review
Sustainability
Soil remediation is the act of removing or reducing the availability of contaminants from soil. In the case of agriculture, soil remediation targets the removal of pollutants, including residual pesticides/herbicides, hydrocarbons, and toxic heavy metals. This is often done by chemical treatments with multiple washes or excavation of soils, which are costly and time-consuming. Therefore, finding cheaper, less time-consuming remediation methods is highly desirable. In this review, we will examine the addition of biochar as an effective method of soil remediation. Biochar is a carbon-rich material derived from burning biomass in an oxygen-limited environment with benefits such as high cation exchange capacity, large surface area, neutral to alkaline pH, and some nutritional content. Biochar can also be a sanctuary for naturally occurring microbes and can be inoculated with specific microbes for contaminant breakdown. The physical and chemical characteristics of biochar combined with b...
Biochar as a Versatile and Beneficial Soil Amendment: Recent Approaches
Environmental Science Archives, 2023
Biochar is a promising and viable fertilizer carrier for microbial fertilizers due to its porosity (Wang et al., 2023). Biochar is a type of charcoal produced in the slow pyrolysis of organic materials, such as agricultural waste (Aziz et al., 2023). Pyrolysis, the method used to create biochar, is the conversion of organic materials into a stable form of carbon that can survive in soil for a very long time (hundreds to thousands of years). Recently, a co-pyrolysis technique for improving sewage sludge biochar's performance and immobilizing heavy metals was presented (Fan et al., 2023; He et al., 2023). When organic matter is heated in the absence of oxygen, it can break down into its constituent components without catching fire, resulting in the development of biochar. In order to create biochar, which may be used as a soil amendment to enhance soil health and fertility, a variety of organic waste products, including agricultural waste, forestry residue, and sewage sludge, are employed in the production process. Contrary to conventional charcoal, which is largely used as fuel, biochar is applied to soil as a soil supplement to increase soil fertility and production (Khedulkar et al., 2023). This enables it to absorb carbon from the air, lowering the concentration of greenhouse gases and lessening the effects of climate change.
Evaluation of the Use of Sewage Sludge Biochar as a Soil Amendment—A Review
Sustainability
In recent decades, minimization and recycling/reuse policies were introduced to reduce the quantities of generated waste and for alternative waste recovery. Organic wastes represent 46% of total global solid waste. Possible uses of organic wastes include using it as fertilizer and amendment for soil, for energy recovery and for the production of chemical substances. Sewage sludge disposal and reuse are identified as future problems concerning waste. The total amount of sludge generated in the entire world has increased dramatically, and this tendency is expected to increase significantly in the years to come. In most developed countries, special attention is given to sewage sludge treatment in order to improve the quality and safety of using it on the ground surface. Sewage sludge pyrolysis is considered an acceptable method, from an economic and ecological perspective, for the beneficial reuse of sewage sludge. This method has many advantages because, during the pyrolysis process, ...
Biochar for sustainable soil and environment: a comprehensive review
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2018
Biochar prepared from organic waste through pyrolysis, thermal combustion in an inert environment, generates a stable form of carbon. The review of established literature reveals that conversion of organic matter into biochar and its addition to soil also reduces the negative effects of carbon aerosols on human health and greenhouse gas effects on environment through carbon sequestration. Physicochemical properties of biochar such as nutrient sorption capacity, pH, pore structure, particle size, surface area, and mineral content play a vital role in determining the soil structure and function. Biochar addition to soil exerts measurable changes in physicochemical soil properties such as bulk density, water-holding capacity, pH and cation exchange capacity, microbial community structure, and their interrelated functions in soil. However, addition of biochar to specific soil improves the soil fertility, and consequently improves the crop yield. It is concluded that optimized pyrolysis of organic waste for biochar production and its use for soils need diversified investigation in diverse environmental conditions.