Betydelsen av användarmedverkan i systemdesign: En fallstudie (original) (raw)
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1988
This thesis starts by observing a change problem in a medical computer application. The change problem occurs when data and rules that make up the core of a computer appli cation, degenerate. Sometimes the process is slow, but it is not unusual for the application to be out of date even before it has been put into use. The aim of this work is to develop a theoretical framework in which it is possible to formulate the change problem such that it becomes more accessible for conscious consideration and a base for design principles. Accordingly, the thesis follows a theoretical approach. In order to place the work in a historical perspective, some major lines of research in administrative data processing are outlined. The change problem has led the author to investigate the birth and change of facts. The result of this investigation is that two fundamental points of view can be identified. One is closely related to a view of knowledge that is characteristic of the age of enlightenment. The basic idea in this "depictive" view is that facts are more or less depictions of reality. The other point of view can be associated with philosophers such as Kant and Hegel. The fundamental idea in this "constructive" view is that facts are related to measuring systems that are created by man. The constructive view is developed to include computer applications, encompassing a concept with seven key elements. To demonstrate the usefulness of the concept, two case studies are discussed: a computer aided travel agency and the argumentation around a computer aided social research project. An attempt is then made to use the constructive view as an approach to the change problem. One important result of this work is that the change problem shifts into a problem of justice. The conclusion is that a depictive view of facts gives theoretical support for transforming every human activity into deterministic machinery. When this fails, we experience a change problem. A constructive view of facts gives theoretical support for participation in a redesigning process. When this fails we experience a problem of injustice among clients. Following that conclusion, one way to approach the injustice problem is to encourage clients to take part in a continuous reconstruction of the activity. This is the same thing as looking for solutions to the change problem. The focus of the thesis then turns to different strategies to encourage clients to participate in the reconstructive work, which is also knovyn as the question of implementation. The following complementary strategies for implementation are considered: The Metaphorical Strategy, the Heuristic Strategy, the Documentation Strategy, the Computer Application Strategy, the Education Strategy. These strategies are then applied to the first mentioned medical computer application. The thesis concludes with some outlines for further research and some fundamental questions conceiving constructive computer applications. These questions focused on the necessity for further work on ethical aspects of a constructive view Key words Constructive, co-constructive, humanistic, design, computer application, change problem, information system, client orientation, implementation. ISSN and key title 0282-0579 UMADP-RRIPCS 3.88 language Swedish Number of pages 189 * D mmmm ^ Umeå universitet m B33 *" Institutionen för informationsbehandling y Rapport UMADP-RRIPCS-3.88
2016
In today's society, IT-Companies often have a hard time estimating changed requirements. This leads to that the clients' confidence is negatively affected and is one of the main reasons why this has to be improved. The goal with this study was to find out what the most common problems regarding this issue are in IT-companies that works with agile software development. By analyzing one IT-company through a SWOT-and pareto-analysis the most common problems have been ascertained. The SWOT analysis have been created through interviews with selected employees to get a better understanding of the problems that the IT-company is facing. Furthermore was the pareto-analysis based on a survey that was sent out to many different employees to prioritize the problems. The reason why the survey was sent to different employees was to get a more objective input. The study showed that there was many different problems that needed attention. The most important problems was that the communication towards the client regarding requirements needed to be improved, better communication internally between different departments needed to be established, a method to quickly adapt and estimate change in requirements needed to be implemented and finally a method regarding witch key employees whom need to attend the planning of the program backlog. These problems have then been studied through interviews with other ITcompanies and through a literature study. The conclusions that where drawn was that the client needs to be involved and updated through the whole project. Constant monitoring and communication regarding changed requirements needs to be processed and mediated. High standards needs to be set early towards the client in order to obtain as clear an image of the requirements as possible. Many different parties need to attend to the planning process for the program backlog before the start of the project. The client needs to be aware of that changed requirements will arise and that this will lead to that the first estimation may not necessarily be absolute. As long as the client is held up to date as well as participant through the whole project and problems are detected and mediated early, change in requirements should not be a huge problem. This is after all the purpose of being agile.
2019
Foreliggande rapport ger en vetenskaplig processutvardering av implementering av ”Den tvahanta forvaltningen: Medarbetardriven innovation i SDF Vastra Goteborg”. Foljeforskningen utforskar implementeringen av modellen for medarbetardriven innovation, former och fokus i det lokala innovationsarbetet, forutsattningar av betydelse i implementering och genomforande, samt betydelser av utvecklingsarbetet for anstalldas upplevelse av arbetet. Syftet ar att fa en storre forstaelse for hur utveckling av medarbetardrivna, brukarriktade utvecklingsarbeten kan organiseras och vilka organisatoriska forhallanden som har betydelse i implementeringen. Foljeforskningen genomfordes under september 2017 till mars 2019 genom intervjuer med enhetschefer, strategiska funktioner och medarbetare och observationer vid den inledande utbildningen, pa moten och i innovationsgrupper. Totalt 12 observationer och 25 intervjuer ligger till grund for analysarbetet. Under tiden som projektet foljdes var det enbart ...
Ett maktbaserat perspektiv på projektledning
2007
Syfte Vårt syfte är att testa Liu/Fangs maktbaserade modell för projektledning för att se om den är applicerbar på ett företag verksamt i Sverige. Metod Kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsatser Den maktbaserade modellen för projektledning ger en bild som i stora drag överensstämmer med vår empiri. Den behöver emellertid kompletteras med maktinverkan från projektexterna faktorer. Dessutom behöver den ta hänsyn till det vi valt att benämna som "informationsmakt".
Dialog och kunskap om arbetsmiljö-En intervention som balanserar?
Psykosociala arbetsmiljöfaktorers inverkan på hälsa och produktivitet kan sammanfattas i ett antal balanser; balanserna krav-kontroll, ansträngning-belöning, arbete-återhämtning, mål-resurser och kvantitet-kvalitet. Trots befintlig kunskap saknas interventionsstudier som fokuserat på dessa balanser. Här redovisas resultat från ett pilotprojekt där medarbetare och chefer deltog i en intervention med fokus på dialog om uppdraget och arbetsmiljöns balanser.
Hur kan en BUP-anställd använda systemteori för att hjälpa sina patienter/klienter?
Fokus på familien, 2010
Denna artikel har skrivits med inspiration från familjeterapikongressen i Tällberg augusti 2009. Bidragande har varit ett uttalat intresse för familjeterapi hos blivande specialister i barn-och ungdomspsykiatri på vår klinik. De efterfrågar exempel på hur man kan komplettera sin verksamhet som läkare med familjeterapeutiska kunskaper. Inom BUPkliniken där jag arbetar, har familjeterapins språk tynat bort. KBT-, och psykofarmakaspråket har fått ökat utrymme. Det har fått konsekvenser inne i mitt huvud. Jag har själv allt mer bytt ut det cirkulära tänkandet mot linjärt tänkande. En kolonisationsprocess har ägt rum. Många röster i Tällberg vittande om liknande upplevelser. Syftet med denna artikel är dels att ge exempel på hur familje-/systemteori kan användas i vardagen inom BUP av alla yrkeskategorier, dels att återskapa en del av mina egna kunskaper. Flera systemteoretiska verktyg presenteras. Det viktigaste verktyget för en anställd på BUP anser jag vara Maturanas domänteori. Den används för att styra mellan produktionsdomänen, det man är skyldig att göra som anställd och förklaringsdomänen som är dialogens och psykoterapins domän. Dessa idéer kan givetvis även användas av vem som helst som är intresserad av att komplettera sitt yrkeskunnande med systemteoretisk teori och praktik.