On the Multi-Functional Behavior of Graphene-Based Nano-Reinforced Polymers (original) (raw)
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Materials, 2015
In the present investigation, we successfully fabricate a hybrid polymer nanocomposite containing epoxy/polyester blend resin and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) by a novel technique. A high intensity ultrasonicator is used to obtain a homogeneous mixture of epoxy/polyester resin and graphene nanoplatelets. This mixture is then mixed with a hardener using a high-speed mechanical stirrer. The trapped air and reaction volatiles are removed from the mixture using high vacuum. The hot press casting method is used to make the nanocomposite specimens. Tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are performed on neat, 0.2 wt %, 0.5 wt %, 1 wt %, 1.5 wt % and 2 wt % GNP-reinforced epoxy/polyester blend resin to investigate the reinforcement effect on the thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. The results of this research indicate that the tensile strength of the novel nanocomposite material increases to 86.8% with the addition of a ratio of graphene nanoplatelets as low as 0.2 wt %. DMA results indicate that the 1 wt % GNP-reinforced epoxy/polyester nanocomposite possesses the highest storage modulus and glass transition temperature (T g), as compared to neat epoxy/polyester or the other nanocomposite specimens. In addition, TGA results verify thethermal stability of the experimental specimens, regardless of the weight percentage of GNPs.
Comparison of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Graphene-Epoxy Nano-Composite and Epoxy Resin
There has been growing interest in graphene and its remarkable properties since its discovery. Many attempts have been made to use graphene as a reinforcement material in composites rather than a bulk material; this is because of its high cost and manufacturing limitations. This paper speculates the use of Graphene powder to enhance properties of Epoxy Resins. It focuses on highlighting the development and basic construction of various types of composites and it presents the findings of an experimental development of Epoxy Nano-Composite reinforced with Graphene powder and also compares the result with non-reinforced Epoxy test samples. A detailed procedure is provided and conclusions are drawn on the interpreted results. Some suggestions, to get better results, are also highlighted.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2015
The influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the curing of an epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and cross-linked with 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) was studied. Dynamic mechanical properties and tensile properties of the corresponding graphene/epoxy nanocomposites were obtained. Two compositions 1 and 5 mass% of GNPs were studied. The cross-linking reaction of the epoxy resin is accelerated in dispersions with 5 mass% GNPs. In the presence of GNPs, the curing reaction becomes less exothermic, obtaining less perfect epoxy networks compared to neat epoxy (DGEBA-DDM) thermoset. Accordingly, the glass transition temperatures (T g) of the nanocomposites are lower than that of the neat epoxy thermoset. This effect is not detected for low content of graphene (1 mass%). Protocol of curing having two isothermal steps leads to more perfect networks than the dynamic curing in the DSC. The Tg reduction is minimized in the samples cured through two isothermal steps. The storage moduli of the nanocomposite containing 5 mass% graphene, both in the glassy (T < T g) and the rubbery (T > T g) states, are higher than the ones of neat epoxy thermoset, being most pronounced this effect at T > T g. Tensile tests confirmed the higher elastic moduli of the nanocomposites; however, a decrease in strain at break and tensile strength was observed for the nanocomposite containing 5 mass% of GNPs. This brittle behavior is consistent with the morphology of the samples studied by scanning electron microscopy.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2021
Highlights • Glass-fiber reinforced aerogel composites showed remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility compared with pure aerogel powders. • The hybrid aerogel showed superhydrophobicity, great thermal stability and low thermal conductivity. • The MTMS/water glass hybrid aerogels were prepared via freeze drying without further surface modification. • The molar ratio of MTMS/water glass could significantly influence the properties of composite.
Journal of Materials Science, 2016
Graphene has the potential to act as a high-performance reinforcement for adhesives or fibre composites when combined with epoxy polymer. However, it is currently mostly available not as single high aspect ratio sheets but as graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), comprised of stacks of graphene sheets. Graphene nanoplatelets of a range of lateral size, thickness, aspect ratio and surface functionality were used to modify an anhydride cured epoxy polymer. The morphology, mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms of these modified epoxies were investigated. The GNPs were sonicated in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or n-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) to facilitate dispersion in the epoxy. The use of THF resulted in large agglomerates, whereas more finely dispersed stacks of GNPs were observed for NMP. The maximum values of modulus (3.6 GPa at 1 wt%) and fracture energy (343 J/m 2 at 2 wt%) were
Synergistic Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Nanoclay on Epoxy Polymer Nanocomposites
The prime objective of this study was to fabricate epoxy polymer composite modified with graphene nanoplatelets (GP) and montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT) binary filler materials. Different loading percentages of individual and binary nanofillers were incorporated into an epoxy matrix system to investigate the synergistic effect of nanofillers on composites properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and three point bend test were carried out to investigate the viscoelastic and flexural properties of neat epoxy and nanofillers reinforced nanocomposites. Incorporation of 3 wt. % of MMT and 0.1 wt. % of GP resulted in better flexure strength, modulus and storage modulus although there is no significance change in glass transition temperature (Tg).
COMPUTATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRESS IN APPLIED SCIENCE & ENGINEERING, 2020
This study aims to investigate the effect of the graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) at different contents on the mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties of epoxy-based phenolic resin (EPhR) nanocomposites. The sliding wear tests of the nanocomposites were performed using ball-on-disc tester at room temperature under a constant load and sliding speed in ambient air. The friction coefficient and wear rate were obtained for 0.5 wt% GNPs addition 0.14 and 510-7 mm 3 /Nm with increases of 30% and 74%, respectively, compared to the neat EPhR. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were found for the 1.0 wt% GNPs addition 74.0 MPa and 6.2 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the composites were characterized using SEM and TGA. The GNP reinforced composites showed an increase of 8.0-59.2% in thermal stability data when compared to the neat EPhR. The results indicate that GNP content and dispersion in resin have a substantial effect on thermal stability, mechanical and tribological performance of composites.
AIMS Press
Nanofillers as secondary reinforcement in polymeric composites have shown promising results on improvement of mechanical properties of the polymeric composites. However, due to the in-plane resin path, filtration of the nanofillers through fabric during processing is a major challenge in liquid infusion processes such as resin transfer molding. In resin film infusion process, the resin travels in thickness direction and due the shorter resin path, the possibility of filtration is minimal. In this study, resin film infusion (RFI) process is used to fabricate graphene platelets reinforced glass/epoxy hybrid composites. First, the resin films with 0.4 and 0.8 percent of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were manufactured using solvent casting process. Then, these films were used to fabricate composites using resin film infusion process. Mechanical characterization tests, namely tensile, flexural and short beam, were performed. Tensile strength of the 0.4% and 0.8% GNPs reinforced composites was 36.13% and 22.23% higher, respectively, than that of baseline composites. Flexural strength 0.4% and 0.8% GNPs modified composites was 24.96% higher and 32% lower, respectively, compared to baseline composite. Lastly, minimal change was observed in short beam shear strength due to GNPs reinforcement. Higher void volume fraction of 1.7% and 4.5% as compared to baseline composites observed in 0.4% and 0.8% GNPs modified composites respectively.
Application of graphene oxide as (nano) reinforcement in epoxy composites
Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)
Composite with nanometric particles have been used as a structural reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties in polymeric materials. The use of graphene has shown excellent results such as Young's modulus of 1 TPa, tensile strength of about 130 GPa, thermal conductivity of 5000 W/mK, electrical conductivity of up to 6000 S/cm, in addition to presenting great carrier mobility of loads of 2x105 cm2.V-1.s-1. Thus, the mechanical properties in the epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A were evaluated with the addition of increasing percentages of graphene oxide (GO) in order to evaluate the mechanical properties in this material. The synthesis of GO was made from natural graphite by the Hummers method. The nanostructured composites were manufactured with a mixture of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1% by weight of GO. The characterizations of the materials were made by FTIR-ATR, DRX, RAMAN, MEV and TGA. The mechanical properties were evaluated by increasing the impact en...