Bangla Verb Morphology: The actual derivation (original) (raw)
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The Phonology and Morphology of Word Formation
The Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics, 2016
Portuguese shares many morphological features with other Romance languages, such as Castilian, Italian, or French, but it also displays properties that set it apart from the other members of the Romance family. In this chapter, we will privilege the latter aspects. The resemblance with other romance languages and, at the same time, the specificity of Portuguese morphology further echoes in the comparison of different national varieties, such as the European (henceforth EP) and Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth BP) subsystems. Affixation and compounding are the main word-formation processes in Portuguese. 1 We will present an overview of their main morphological and phonological properties and also some border issues, indicating, when appropriate, contrasts between EP and BP (with reference to the dialects of Lisbon and southern Brazilian variants). In addition, we will discuss some types of word formation not addressed by the grammatical tradition. While influential traditional studies such as Mattoso Câmara (1971) and Basílio (1987), for BP, or Carvalho (1967) and Rio-Torto (1998), for EP, are discussed where appropriate, the discussion in this chapter is especially based on Villalva (1994), Gonçalves (2004), Gonçalves (2012), and Villalva and Silvestre (2014). In our exposition of the Portuguese word-formation processes, we assume that words (W), as morphological structures, are projections of the root (R), which is morphologically specified by a thematic constituent 2 (TC) that generates a stem (S). The stem is then morphosyntactically (MSS)specified. 3 This is the underlying morphological structure of all simple words: (1) [[[X] r [Y] tc ] s [Z] mss ] w Roots are lexical units, specified to a large number of features (their phonological representation and morphological, syntactic and semantic features, among others). One of these features concerns the thematic class to which they belong. Verbs are assigned to a conjugation class (first, second or third), a distinction that has no syntactic or semantic consequences-it is relevant merely for inflection (the phonetics are of the EP variant):
2017
This article investigates selected derivational morphological processes in English, Hausa, Igala and some other languages of the world. Morphological processes are a means of changing a word base or root to adjust its meaning and to fit into different syntactic and communicational contexts. To achieve this in a language, linguists usually utilise certain tools called morphemes or affixes or word-elements, which are added or attached to the base or root of a word. In this article, the researchers have arduously and ardently examined these languages to bring out their rich and interesting morphological processes. We have found out that derivational morphology, which is concerned with forming new lexemes, i.e. words that differ either in syntactic category or in meaning from their bases, is extremely productive in languages. Introduction This paper treats derivational morphological processes, as selected and studied in English, Hausa, Igala and some other languages of the world. As a matter of fact, morphological processes are unique and interesting phenomena in the study of languages of the world, and they usually catch the attention of linguists. For this reason, before discussing the morphological processes selected in the languages under study, we have decided to proffer the definitions of morphology, derivational morphology and morphological processes as a brief literature review for easy comprehension. Furthermore, this study, to the best of its ability, has handled prefix, suffix, infix, interfix, circumfix, transfix and suprafix or superfix, among other morphological processes in the aforementioned languages and some other languages of the world.
Word Structure, 2015
This reference work on English morphology can be qualified as the (for a long time needed) successor to Marchand's famous handbook The categories and types of present-day English word formation, of which the second and last edition was published in 1969 . The book to be reviewed here, however, has a larger scope, as it does not only deal with word formation but also with inflection. Hence, it is a comprehensive book on English morphology. The authors of this book are all senior researchers in the domain of English morphology, with an individual track record of important publications on English morphology. So it was a good idea of these authors to work together to produce an authoritative volume on English morphology. What are the main features of this book compared to Marchand's book? First of all, it incorporates the results of decades on research on English morphology since the 1960's. Second, it is based on huge corpora, of a size that was unthinkable in the time that Marchand wrote his book. The main corpus used are COCA (the Corpus of Contemporary American English), the British National corpus, CELEX, and the Google Book Corpus. In addition, various dictionaries and reverse dictionaries were used. Many examples of complex words are
PHONOLOGY TO MORPHO-PHONOLOGY: RE-ANALYZING BANGLA VERBS
EFL Journal 3, June, 2012
The empirical focus of this paper is on the distribution of vowels in monosyllabic verb roots in Bangla. While reiterating that these distributional restrictions are probably the result of diachronic changes in the language, the paper underlines the necessity to reanalyze these restrictions as components of its synchronic morpho-phonemics. The proposal, couched in the framework of optimality theory, argues that phonological assimilation in Bangla neutralizes [HIGH] and [ATR] distinctions between adjacent vowels. This results in the seven vowel repertoire of Bangla, surfacing as alternating sets of five vowels in monosyllabic verb roots. Further, in a bid to block homophony, the same alternation pattern is morphologically imposed on the verb roots. These appear to be cases of under-application on the surface. In the constraint based paradigm, these morphological restrictions, by virtue of their higher ranking, block the phonological assimilations.
English Morphology in a Nutshell - FLASH UIZ (2022–23)
2022
Hello colleagues! This is a very simplified introduction to English Morphology, which is specifically addressed to undergraduate students of the University of Ibn Zohr since the content of the course is collected and based on the syllabus of the dear professor Mohamed Elghazi’s 2021-2022 lectures (m.elghazi@uiz.ac.ma) and Yassine Ait Hammou’s 2022-2023 lectures (y.aithammou@uiz.ac.ma), Faculty of Languages, Arts and Humanities, Ait Melloul, Morocco. No need to state that this work might be useful for undergraduate students of Linguistics all over the world! I wish you the best all.
Morphological theory and English
This paper presents a review of a number of recent issues in the field of generative morphology, with their implications for the description of English. After an introduction to the field two types of question are considered. First, 1 examine the nature of word structure and illustrate two competing approaches, one of which assurnes that words have a constituent structure (much like the phrase structure of syntax) and the other of which rejects this assumption. Then we look at the way morphologicai structure interacts with syntax. We examine the extent to which syntactic principles can account for the behaviour of certain types of compounds and aiso the expression of syntactic arguments in nominaiizations.