Care Needs and Migration: Household Determinants of Internal Labour Migration in Vietnam (original) (raw)
Related papers
Internal migration's effects on older people and children: evidence from Vietnam
Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2023
The movement of working-age people from rural to urban regions, into industrial zones and export processing zones, causes a phenomena known as "generational defects," in which the elderly and children remain in rural areas. "Mid-generation" family flaws are caused by labor migration, which results in elderly people without children and children without parents living with or near their parents. It simultaneously causes changes in the conditions, living situations, and daily living habits of the elderly and children as a result of the primary economic, spiritual, and emotional core members of the household's lack of timely attention, care, and support. This study examines how internal migration affects older people's and kids' living conditions in Vietnam. The problems raised in the article might lead to the adoption of social protection laws that would cover migrant workers' families as well.
The impact of work and non-work migration on household welfare, poverty and inequality
Economics of Transition, 2011
This article estimates the impact of work migration and non-work migration on per capita income, per capita expenditures, poverty and inequality in Vietnam using data from the two most recent Vietnam Household and Living Standard Surveys. We find that both work migration and non-work migration have a positive impact on per capita expenditures of migrant-sending households. Non-work migration significantly decreases the incidence, depth and severity of national poverty. The effect of work migration on poverty is much smaller. Still, while work migration does not lift people out of poverty, it makes their poverty less severe. In addition, both work migration and non-work migration decrease inequality, albeit only very slightly.
An analysis of interprovincial migration in Vietnam from 1989 to 2009
Global Health Action, 2012
Background: In Vietnam, reports either present general patterns of internal migration or the migration characteristics of specific subgroups. Reports are often based on small numbers and do not examine the relationships between socioeconomic factors and migration. Different reports classify migrant populations differently, presenting difficulties for researchers and policymakers to gain a consistent picture of migration (particularly of interprovincial migration) and limiting the ability of policymakers to plan services appropriately. This study describes the characteristics of all migrants in Vietnam, focusing on interprovincial migrants, and examines age and sex trends and correlations among in-migration, urbanization, and individual income. Methods: We analyzed data from the 15% sample survey in the 2009 Population and Housing Census, the 3% sample in the 1999 national census, the 5% sample in the 1989 national census, and selected data from the 2008 Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey. Logistic regression was used to identify socioeconomic factors related to migration. Results: In 2009, of 6.7 million internal migrants (approximately 6.5% of the total population), 3.4 million were interprovincial migrants. Three notable trends were observed between 1989 and 2009: (i) the total population is characterized by increasing proportions of migrants; (ii) the proportion of female migrants is growing; and (iii) the average age of migrants is decreasing. Socioeconomic factors related to interprovincial migration include provincial economic status (monthly income per capita: OR04.62, p00.005) and urbanization (proportion of urban population: OR 03.47, p00.019), suggesting that provinces with high monthly income per capita and urbanization are more likely to have higher rates of in-migration. Conclusion: These findings reflect the effects of unequally growing labor markets in Vietnamese provinces on migration, and are suggestive of infrastructure improvements and public service needs in these areas. Analysis of migration can provide useful information for planning health and social services and for policymaking for national economic development.
Asian Population Studies, 2008
Rural to urban migration has been a central outcome of, and a key contributor to the rapid economic growth in Vietnam since 1986. Much of the policy and research attention given to migration flows have focused on permanent migration. This paper conceptualizes temporary migration from rural to urban areas and discusses the role of temporary migration in the rural household economy from the point of view of returned migrants. The paper uses qualitative data from the 2003 Young and Family Study conducted in four rural communes, substantially supplemented by a review of secondary data, to assess the nature and determinants of temporary migration. The data suggest that temporary migration is an important part of rural household economic strategy in this transitional period of the economy of Vietnam.
Internal vs. International Migration: Impacts of Remittances on Child Well-Being in Vietnam
2012
This paper intends to contribute to the literature on the effects of domestic and international remittances on schooling and child labour. Using the information gathered in the 1992/93 and 1997/98 Vietnam Living Standards Surveys (VLSS), we examine separately the school attendance rates and the incidence of child labour in remittance recipient households, as compared to households where this income source is absent. We apply ordinary least squares regression for the two cross-sections and a fixed-effects linear regression for the panel, using as dependent variables the child labour and school attendance ratios of children in each household. Our results indicate that the average child belonging to a remittance recipient household has a lower probability of working and a greater probability of going to school. Although international remittances are found to have a stronger beneficial impact than domestic ones in the cross-sectional analysis, the panel analysis reverses this result, showing that the only significant impact stems from domestic remittances.
Internal Return Migration in Rural of Vietnam: Reasons and Consequences
Many researchers have tried to explain the motivation behind out and return migration. However, few bodies of literature focus on selection of destinations of out migration, motives to return according to marriage status of migrants before the return and gender perspective of employments on the return. By surveying 68 returnees and applying participatory rural appraisal, this study shows that the personal and household characteristics of returnees before the migration create an effect on destination selections On the return, both single and married migrants are motivated by filial obligations to their parents. Single migrants' motive associates to the potential failures that can be a burden on their livings after getting married. Married migrants' motive to return results from living away from their children. This study also demonstrates that women play an important role in the development of agriculture. Additionaly, agriculture acts as a buffer to the negative impacts of return migration.
Migration and household demography in Nang Rong, Thailand
This work investigates various facets of migration and household demography in Thailand, a developing country that has been experiencing a shift from a rural subsistence economy to an urban industrial base. The setting is Nang Rong, a rural agrarian district located in Buriram province in the Northeast. At one time a frontier region, the district has been undergoing tremendous social, economic, and demographic transformations in the last three decades. The first analytical portion of the work deals with care for children of absent migrant parents. I develop a model of total childcare, whereby someone other than a biological parent assumes total parental responsibility in the parents' absence. I describe a process whereby a mutually-beneficial intergenerational household division of labor develops in which the older generation cares for the children of absent migrant parents, who provide for economic needs of their origin households. Next, using help with harvesting rice as an il...
Shifts in vulnerability landscapes: young women and internal migration in Vietnam
Spatial mobility in Vietnam represents a formidable potential for social mobility for prospective migrants, in spite of being fraught with unanticipated risks. In view of the specific vulnerability of young women, the social risks involved in migration are far greater than for the rest of the population. However, we only have very limited data on young migrant women and their migration patterns. The 2009 Census offers new ways of describing young women and their migration situation. Using individual and household characteristics, the first part of our analysis provides indirect vulnerability indicators pertaining to the social, economic, and demographic domains (position in the household, marital and reproductive status, education, employment, etc. The second part of our study explores the interplay between migration status and forms of vulnerability among young women. We also highlight the multidimensional aspects of women's vulnerability in Vietnam at different geographical scales.
2009
Since the mid 1990s, miracle development of the private and foreign sectors in the Southern economic region of Viet Nam has attracted a large number of migrant flows from the Mekong Delta region and the Khmer migrants have a recognized contribution to those migration flows. Based on the survey of 76 Khmer families in Tra Vinh province where the Khmer is dominant in its total population, this paper examines demographic and socio characteristics of the Khmer families affecting the determinants of migration decision by using of the logistic regression model. This result indicates that migration decision is importantly depended on number of members, plot size, poverty and so on. In addition, this result also points that migration not only brings migrants an increased income, but also contributes positively to their family’s income in rural origin. 1 The data used in this paper was cited from the survey dataset of my doctoral research. This survey was done with the financial support by t...
2008
Existing studies focus mainly on the impact of migration on migrants themselves, less attention has been paid to the effects of migration on the family members ‘left behind’ by migrants. This paper explores how labor migration effects familial care of the left behind elderly. The analysis is based on panel data of the Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS) in Thailand. The study tests two models: a Cox hazard model that focuses on labor migration and change in elderly living arrangements and a logistic regression model that focuses on labor migration and intra-household elderly care. The study found that labor migration triggers transitions in elderly living arrangements from co-residence to living alone, even after controlling for other confounding variables. Secondly, labor migration has several negative effects on intra-household elderly care. The paper raises the concern of the social impact of migration on the elderly in Thai society.