Studies on the physicochemical characteristics of volatile oil from pepper (Piper nigrum) extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (original) (raw)
Related papers
2012
An overview of the studies carried out in our laboratories on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of volatile oils from seven aromatic plants: pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.), fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), savory (Satureja fruticosa Béguinot), winter savory (Satureja montana L.), cotton lavender (Santolina chamaecyparisus) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), is presented. A flow apparatus with a 1 L extractor and two 0.27 L separators was built to perform studies at temperatures ranging from 298 to 353 K and pressures up to 30.0 MPa. The best compromise between yield and composition compared with hydrodistillation (HD) was achieved selecting the optimum experimental conditions of extraction and fractionation. The major differences between HD and SFE oils is the presence of a small percentage of cuticular waxes and the relative amount of thymoquinone, an oxygenated monoterpene with important biological
Molecules, 2012
An overview of the studies carried out in our laboratories on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of volatile oils from seven aromatic plants: pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.), fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), savory (Satureja fruticosa Béguinot), winter savory (Satureja montana L.), cotton lavender (Santolina chamaecyparisus) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), is presented. A flow apparatus with a 1 L extractor and two 0.27 L separators was built to perform studies at temperatures ranging from 298 to 353 K and pressures up to 30.0 MPa. The best compromise between yield and composition compared with hydrodistillation (HD) was achieved selecting the optimum experimental conditions of extraction and fractionation. The major differences between HD and SFE oils is the presence of a small percentage of cuticular waxes and the relative amount of thymoquinone, an oxygenated monoterpene with important biological OPEN ACCESS Molecules 2012, 17 10551
An overview of the studies carried out in our laboratories on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of volatile oils from seven aromatic plants: pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.), fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), savory (Satureja fruticosa Béguinot), winter savory (Satureja montana L.), cotton lavender (Santolina chamaecyparisus) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), is presented. A flow apparatus with a 1 L extractor and two 0.27 L separators was built to perform studies at temperatures ranging from 298 to 353 K and pressures up to 30.0 MPa. The best compromise between yield and composition compared with hydrodistillation (HD) was achieved selecting the optimum experimental conditions of extraction and fractionation. The major differences between HD and SFE oils is the presence of a small percentage of cuticular waxes and the relative amount of thymoquinone, an oxygenated monoterpene with important biological 10551 properties, which is present in the oils from thyme and winter savory. On the other hand, the modeling of our data on supercritical extraction of volatile oil from pennyroyal is discussed using Sovová's models. These models have been applied successfully to the other volatile oil extractions. Furthermore, other experimental studies involving supercritical CO 2 carried out in our laboratories are also mentioned.
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011
Red pepper oil was extracted using near-and supercritical carbon dioxide. Extraction was carried out at pressures ranging from 10 to 35 MPa and temperatures from 30 to 60 o C, with a CO 2 flow rate of 24.01 g/min using a semi-continuous high-pressure extraction apparatus. The duration for extraction was 2 h. The highest oil yield was found at high pressure and temperature. The highest solubility of oil (1.18 mg/g of CO 2) was found at 35 MPa and 60 o C. The solubility data of red pepper oil in near-and supercritical CO 2 were fitted in Chrastil model. The fatty acid composition of red pepper oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Linoleic acid was found to be the major fatty acid in the oil. Capsaicin was quantified in different extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest capsaicin yield was found at 35 MPa and 60 o C.
Supercritical fluid extraction of black pepper oil
Journal of Food Engineering, 2005
The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of oil from ground black pepper, using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO 2 ) as a solvent, is presented in this study. The effect of process parameters, namely pressure (90, 100, 150 bar) and temperature (40, 50°C) of extraction, and solvent flow rate (1.1, 2, 3 kg/h), on the extraction rate was examined in a series of experiments conducted in a bench scale apparatus. The results indicated a significant increase of extraction rate with increase of pressure or decrease of temperature. A similar effect was observed with the increase of solvent flow rate. The experimental data were satisfactorily correlated by two mass balance models. The first one is based on the LackÕs plug flow model, which accounts for both the solubility and diffusion controlled regimes of the extraction, and the second one on the adsorption-desorption equilibrium of solute from solid tissue, the diffusion of the solute dissolved in the supercritical solvent to the surface and the mass transfer through the external film into the bulk.
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction ofFoeniculum vulgare volatile oil
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 2003
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO 2 of the volatile oil from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum (Ucria) Coutinho) was carried out at temperatures of 40 and 50°C and pressures of 90 and 100 bar in a flow apparatus using a two-stage fractional separation technique. The best conditions for extraction (pressure P = 90 bar, and temperature, T = 40°C) and separation (P = 80 bar, T = −10°C for the first separator and P = 20 bar, T = −10°C for the second) were used to assess the effect of different mean particle size and flow rate of CO 2 . The yield of the extraction and composition of the volatile oil were compared with those obtained by hydrodistillation. The study showed that the particle size of the fruits does not practically affect either the yield or the composition of the oil, with the exception of the presence of a small amount of waxes in the volatile oil extracted by SFE from the fruits presenting the highest particle size. Further, increasing of the flow rate of CO 2 does not seem to influence the composition, although it increases the rate of extraction, thus leading to a decrease of the extraction time. The fennel oil was analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main compounds identified in the oils were fenchone (17%), estragol (21%) and (E)-anethole (43%).
Critical review of supercritical fluid extraction of selected spice plant materials
Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is one of the relatively new efficient separation method for the extraction of essential oils from different plant materials. The new products, extracts, can be used as a good base for the production of pharmaceutical drugs and additives in the perfume, cosmetic, and food industries. The aim of this work was to analyze the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO2) of oils from the selected spice plant materials. In this paper the process parameters such as pressure, temperature, solvent flow rate, size of grinding materials, and ratio of the co-solvent were presented for the selected spice plant materials: black pepper, caraway, celery, cinnamon, clove, coriander, daphne, fennel, ginger, hyssop, juniper, lavender, oregano, pennyroyal, red pepper, safflower, sage, turmeric, and vanilla. The values of operating conditions were: pressure from 7.5 to 68 MPa, temperature from 293 to 363 K, solvent flow rate from 0.003 to 30.0 kg/h, and diameter...