Microbial Fuel Cell for Electricity Production (original) (raw)
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Use of Microbial Fuel Cell for the Evaluation of Power Generation
This research explores the application of MFC in generating electricity using waste water from different Industries. As parameter, it was evaluated the electricity produced during MFC operation on variation at different concentration of organic substances. Based on the results, it can be reported that the maximum voltage generated, which was 905 mV and current generated, which was 252µA can be achieved. The potential difference generated by the Fuel Cell was measured using millimeter.
PERFORMANCE STUDIES OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELL
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have gained a lot of attention in recent years for its ability to convert organic matter into electricity in the presence of microbes. Lot of research has been carried out on using wide range of substrates like acetate, glucose, monosaccharaides, domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater etc. Phenol and detergent are the major toxic components from industrial and domestic wastewater. If it is left untreated it can have detrimental effect on all kinds of aquatic life. In industries there are methods available for the treatment of these contaminants; however research on use of MFCs for treatment of these contaminants is still in infant stage. Using MFC will have a dual advantage of wastewater treatment as well as electricity generation. In this study a dual-chamber MFC was fabricated with a CMI 7000 membrane separating the chambers and carbon electrodes for both anode and cathode. Experiments were carried out to study the impact of microbes, type of substrate, substrate concentration and substrate refilling at regular intervals on voltage generated by MFC. Performance of MFC was studied by determining the voltage across 1kΩ resistor. Furthermore, Industrial waste water from a local soap industry was used as a substrate along with the other substrates prepared in-house. Results showed that a stable voltage of around 134mV can be obtained with phenol as substrate along with a mixed culture of pseudomonas aeruginosa and shewanella putrefaciens in comparison with all other combinations of substrates and microbes.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
The growing concern of environmental pollution due to the excessive exploitation of fossil fuel has shifted attention to a more renewable source of procuring energy one of them being the microbial fuel cells. The development of MFC is essentially based on the potential of bacteria to generate electrons by metabolizing the substrate (sewage wastewater, here). The mechanism of working of microbial fuel cells is mentioned. The use of sewage wastewater to tap electricity while simultaneously decreasing the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) level in the water for it's safe disposal with efficient materials for the PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane), cathode, mediators etc. have been reviewed. The best mode of operation of MFC to generate maximum power density in both single and double chambered MFC has been explored.
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL
Microbial fuel cell is a bioreactor that converts chemical energy in the chemical bond in organic compounds to electrical energy through catalytic reactions of microorganism under anaerobic conditions. It has been known for many years that it is possible to generate electricity directly by using bacteria to break down organic substrates. The recent energy crisis has reinvigorated interests in MFCs among academic researchers as a way to generate electric power or hydrogen from biomass without a net carbon emission into the ecosystem. Microbial fuel cell represents a completely new long term, affordable, accessible and ecofriendly approach to waste water treatment with production of sustainable energy. They have also been studied for applications as biosensors such as sensors for biological oxygen demand monitoring. Power output and columbic efficiency are significantly affected by the types of microbe in the anodic chamber of an MFC, configuration of the MFC and operating conditions. Currently, real-world applications of MFC are limited because of their low power density level of several thousand Mw/m2.Effort are being made to improve the performance and reduce the construction and operating costs of MFCs.
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM WASTE WATER BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bio-electrochemical system that converts the chemical energy in the organic compounds such as acetate, lactate, and glucose. It converts renewable energy sources to electrical energy under anaerobic conditions. So it is possible to produce electricity in a MFC from wastewaters. This process is an alternative methodology for generation of electricity. Here the MFC used three different wastewater samples which were achieved maximum power with Tannery effluent was obtained 414 mV followed by municipal wastewater 254 mV and domestic waste water 244 mV. It has been found that a mixture of cow dung can actually result in higher voltage than lechate and kitchen waste. MFC also used to treat the wastewaters under anaerobic process. The highest efficiency of DO removal has been achieved by Tannery waste water (57.14 %), followed by municipal wastewater (50 %) and pond water (44.4%). The Tannery effluent shows the highest efficiency for TSS (55.4 %), followed by municipal waste water (51.64 %) and pond water (46.98 %).
Comparative Study of Microbial Fuel Cell’s Performance Using Three Different Electrodes
Malaysian Journal of Analytical Science, 2018
Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is an alternative method of renewable energy which have gained considerable attention due to its capability to generate electricity and treat wastewater such as palm oil mill effluent (POME). MFC’s mechanism on its electrochemical process is still lacking and further studies is needed. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the compatibility of MFC device in generating electricity by using three different electrodes and (2) to study the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to MFC’s performance. In this work, the MFC device is associated with 3 different electrodes which are carbon brush (CB), carbon cloth (CC) and pre-treated carbon cloth (PCC) on its anode chamber. There are 2 types of substrates used in this experiment which are POME with the presence of bacteria (POME+) and POME without bacteria in it (POME-). The experiment was carried out for 120 hours and its power generation was monitored. The experimental result shows that PCC with POME+ yie...
V.D.Patil,D.B.Patil,M.B.Deshmukh and S.H.Pawar
In the present investigation, power generation in MFC containing salt bridge as a proton exchange material using mixed microbial culture from the dairy waste treatment plant (anaerobic digester) wasstudied. Power output by the MFC with mixed culture was 2.8 mW/m 2 . The synthetic medium decomposes with fermentative process by mixed microbial culture producing hydrogen as the fuel for fuel cell. The electricity produced with microbial fuel cell was studied with different parameters like open circuit voltage, the current flowing through the external circuit and the variation of power output with the load resistance. The exploitation of mesophilic, chemotrophic bacteria allows a flexible access to different substrates including complex carbohydrates. The performance of microbial fuel cell over the period of fermentative utilization of the synthetic media wasinvestigated and the role of microbes in the electricity generation of microbial fuel cellsis reported in the paper.
Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Ability of Microbial Fuel Cell for Electricity Generation
2018
The present study aims at designing a promising Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) to utilize wastewater in order to generate electricity. Two types of salt bridge have been used in MFC (KCl and NaCl). The maximum electricity generation with 1M KCl and NaCl has been 823 and 713 mV, respectively. Varied salt concentrations (0.5M, 1M, 2M, and 3M) of salt bridge in MFC have been analyzed with different factors like temperature, type of electrode, configuration, and surface area of electrode being studied. The optimum temperature is found to be 32Co, with the optimum type of electrode being graphite rod, while the optimum configuration and surface area of electrode is graphite plate with surface area of 183.6 cm2. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been employed to predict voltage production of MFC and compare it with the experimental voltage. Multiple correlation methodology has optimized the voltage production with the correlation coefficient (R2) being 0.999.
ELECTRICITY FROM MICROBIAL FUEL CELL - CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING THE CELL IN RURAL INDIA
Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is also referred as a biological fuel cell which produces electricity from the bacteria using a chemical reaction. Here the bacteria used for such reaction may be extracted from the fermented soil which acts like nutrient rich anodic media. The sediment Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) can generate electricity while decontaminating wastewater. The basic concept of generating electricity from MFC gives a clear idea that the contaminated soil or waste water which are required for generating electricity are available in large quantity in the rural areas of India wherein people depend on such soil or water for agriculture needs. This paper contains the challenges in designing the MFCs in rural India and the amount of electrical energy thus generated and the use of the same. The cost factor involved in designing MFCs is high to provide the adequate energy for the people in the rural area. Index Terms: MFC, Microbial Fuel Cell, SMFC, Wastewater & Bacteria 1. Introduction: A Microbial Fuel cell which is also called biological cell is a system which is used to generate electricity from bio-electrochemical activity [1]. Here the electricity is generated using bacterial interactions found in nature. There are two categories of MFCs they are mediated and unmediated. In the case of mediated MFCs, there is a mediator which chemically transfers the electrons from the bacteria to the anode [2]. This can be implemented using wastewater treatment [3]. This idea is more suitable in rural villages where there will be a good collection of wastewater through human waste, cattle waste, agricultural waste etc. MFC generates electricity by the action of microorganisms [4]. The MFC uses either the oxidation process to separate the components of the cathode or reduction process to separate the component of the cathode. The electrons generated during the oxidation process then transferred to the electrode. Most of the MFCs use organic electron donor where CO 2 , protons, and electrons are generated [5]. There are different methods of generation of an electron from the MFC. Some of them are mediated wherein MFCs are electrochemically inactive. Electrons are generated and moved towards concerned electrodes using the mediators like methyl viologin, thionine, humic acid, methyle blue and neutral red. The major problems with this type are expensive and toxic mediators are used [6], Mediator-free wherein the electrons are generated by the bacterial repository enzymes move directly to the electrode without any mediators. Mediator free MFCs are not well characterized. The mediator-free MFCs can run in waste water. The energy can be directly derived from certain plants [7]. Another method is soil based. In this method, the soil is acting like a high nutrient anodic media. Here the anode is placed at a particular depth within the soil and the cathode is placed at the top of the soil and it is exposed to air. One more method is the phototrophic biofilm whereas an anode is made out of a biofilm containing the photosynthesis microorganism. Here the electron is produced by means of photosynthesis [8]. Another method is the nanoporous membrane in which nanoporous polymer membrane is used [9]. MFCs can also be achieved through a ceramic membrane which functions like photosynthesis membranes. The electron generated through microorganism when they consume sugar in aerobic condition produce CO 2 and water. In addition to CO 2 , they produce protons and electrons. The formula is as given below [10]: C 12 H 22 O 11 + 13H 2 O → 12CO 2 + 48H + + 48e − 2. Objective: The objective of this paper is to suggest a model for MFC to improve the efficiency and to incorporate the same in rural part of the country to partially fulfill the need of electrical energy using green technology. 3. Methodology: The efficiency can be improved by selecting the appropriate material for the cathode of MFC. The sunlight to the waste water is more concentrated to improve the production capacity. The area of MFC culture is increased to increase the power of production. The crops in the rural area include rice, sugar cane, vegetables etc. The grasses of these materials are used for the generation of electricity from MFC. The production of electricity is highly influenced by both light (photon) as well as the environment temperature. The increase in the sunlight increases the production of electrons. The optimum temperature for the maximum production of the electrons is 40 o Celsius. Figure 1 shows the production of electrons using the microorganisms with the help of the plants in the field using cathode and anode. In the rural area, the main activity is agriculture. The maximum share of the land is meant for agriculture purpose. The
Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering, 2017
The performance of electricity producing of Dual Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) using wastewater of tempe industries without glucose addition (as control substrate) and with (2% and 4%) glucose addition was observed. The anode chamber contained a waste substrate and a cathode chamber contained a 0.1 M Potassium Permanganate electrolyte solution. The salt bridge was required to stabilize the charge between the cathode and anode chambers, and the electrodes attached to the anode and cathode chambers as the electron catcher. Voltages and currents were measured using multimeter. Optical Density measured at 486 nm wavelengths was performed to estimate bacterial growth activity. All of the cells were observed for 72 hours of running time. The results of Optical Density curves showed an increasing trend of absorbance during 72 hours of running time. These were in agreement with the resulting power density, which tended to increase until the 48th hour and then relatively stable especia...