Anatomia da Patela de Esqueletos Humanos (original) (raw)
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Morphometric Analysis of Dry Human Patella and Patellar Facets
Cureus, 2022
Background The patella is also known as the kneecap. It lies in front of the knee joint and protects the joint from damage. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the body and is embedded within the quadriceps tendon. The morphometry of the patella is crucial in forensic analysis, designing of implants, and subsequent reconstruction procedures in the knee as it is a sesamoid bone, without periosteum, whereby the natural healing process becomes difficult. The dimensions of the implant are very crucial for a successful knee replacement procedure. This study aims to provide a comprehensive morphometric analysis of the patella and further compare the same between right and left-sided patella specimens. Methodology In total, 50 dry patella specimens, with 26 left-sided specimens and 24 right-sided specimens, were obtained for the study from the Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai. The parameters analyzed in the study included height, width, the thickness of the patella, length and width of the articular facets on medial and lateral aspects, and central ridge length. Results The morphometric analysis showed the mean height, width, and thickness of patella specimens were 4.07 cm, 4.12 cm, and 2.03 cm, respectively. The dimensions of the articular facet on the lateral aspect were found to show statistical variation compared to the dimensions of the medial articular facet, where p-values of <0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Based on Koyunco's Classification, 92% of patella specimens were of Type B. Conclusions The morphometric analysis of the patella in this study can be helpful in designing implants for reconstruction and for treating orthopedics in patellar reconstruction and fixation procedures.
Morphometric Study of Patella in Human Skeletons in Northeastern Brazil
Journal of Morphological Sciences, 2021
Introduction: the patella is a bone located in thickness of the tendon of the quadriceps femoral muscle, being a constituent of the patellofemoral joint. Knowledge of its morphology is important to comprehend better the clinical and surgical conditions that affect this joint. The objective of the present study was to analyze the morphology of patella in human skeletons in a population in Northeastern Brazil. Material and Methods: 59 patella in a population in Northeastern Brazil were analyzed. The quantitative analysis includes measurements of the medial articular facet and the lateral articular facet of the patella. Qualitatively, the parameters observed were the patella shape, the presence of emargination and the type of patella, based on the width of the articular facets (Types I, II or III). Values of p<0,05 were considered significant. Results: the predominance of triangular shape in both sides (52.6%). We have accounted 54.2% emarginated patella, with a higher frequency on the left side (64.5%). There has been a higher amount of Type II (84.8%) patella, in which the medial articular facet is considerably smaller than the lateral one. The mean width of the medial articular facet was 18.20±0.52mm (11.90-24.20mm) on the right side, and 18.71±0.51mm (14.40-26.20mm) on the left side (p=0.48), whereas the lateral articular facet mean width was 24.49±0.34mm (20.80-27.70mm) on the right side, and 23.88±0.51mm (17.20-29.60mm) on the left side (p=0.33). Conclusion: For the first time, the morphometry of the patella was observed and registried in a population in Northeastern Brazil. The overall predominance of patella in this population is a triangular shape, with emargination and Type II or B.
Relação entre o ligamento patelofemoral lateral e a largura da faceta patelar lateral
Acta Ortopédica Brasileira, 2010
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre o comprimento e largura do ligamento patelofemoral lateral (LPFL) e a largura da faceta articular patelar lateral (FAPL) em cadáveres. A instabilidade patelofemoral está intimamente relacionada com a morfologia patelar e com a tensão das estruturas retinaculares laterais. Estudos evidenciam que quanto mais larga a faceta patelar lateral e quanto mais tenso o retináculo lateral, maior a propensão do desenvolvimento de uma enfermidade na articulação patelofemoral. MÉTODOS: Foram dissecados 20 joelhos em 20 cadáveres. Identificamos as peças quanto ao gênero, idade, lado dissecado, comprimento e largura do LPFL e a largura da FAPL. Foi utilizado o nível de significância estatística de 5% (0,050) e a aplicação da análise de correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: O LPFL apresentou em média 16,05 milímetros de largura (desvio-padrão 2,48) e 42,10 milímetros de comprimento (desvio-padrão 8,84). A largura da FAPL variou de 23 a 37 milímetros (média 28,1). A rel...
Anatomic differences in patellar dimensions: A comparative study of left and right sides
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 2023
Background: The patella is an important bone in the knee joint, and its morphology can vary between different populations. The present study aimed to perform a morphometric analysis of dry human patellae from the Kashmiri population to determine their anatomical features and to compare them with Indian and global studies. Materials and Methods: The study included 40 dry human patellae (20 right and 20 left) from the Kashmiri population. Various parameters such as patella height, patella width, patella thickness, ridge length, medial and lateral articular facet length and width were measured using a digital Vernier caliper. The mean values of these parameters, along with their standard deviations, minimum and maximum values were calculated. The t-value and p-value were also calculated to determine the significance of any differences observed between the two sides. Results: The results showed no significant differences between the right and left patellae for most of the parameters analyzed, including patella height, patella width, patella thickness, ridge length, medial and lateral articular facet length. However, there was a significant difference in the medial articular facet width (p=0.136) and lateral articular facet width (p=0.318) between the two sides. The mean values for all parameters were within the range of values reported in previous studies of patellar morphology in different populations. Conclusion: The present study provides important information about the morphometric features of patellae in the Kashmiri population. The findings suggest that there are no significant differences in the morphological features of the patellae between the right and left sides, except for the medial and lateral articular facet widths. Keywords: Patella, Morphometry, Kashmiri population, Anatomical features, Articular facets.
Morphological Traits Around Patellofemoral Joint in Indian Femora and their Implications
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2014
Knowledge of structural variations around patellofemoral joint has helped to understand postural behavior patterns of various population groups. The biomechanical impact of postures may lead to certain skeletal modifications which may contribute to knee pathologies like patellofemoral arthritis, patellar subluxation and trochlear dysplasia. This study was conducted to report the incidence of skeletal non-metric markers on femur in Indian population and to understand their correlation with some pathologies of patellofemoral joint. The traits studied were Martin's facet, Peritrochlear groove and Supratrochlear facet. The study material was a collection of 152 adult femora from osteology museum in Department of Anatomy, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India, with equal percentage of bones from each side and gender. All bones were evaluated for the above mentioned traits and results were obtained as percentage of incidence and Chi-Square test using SPSS version 17. The data...
Journal of Anatomy, 1998
The objective of this paper was to analyse sex differences of the thickness of the subchondral mineralised tissue zone (SMZ), and to find out whether systematic changes of SMZ thickness are associated with naturally occurring, non-full-thickness cartilage lesions of human patellae. In 32 methyl-methacrylate-embedded specimens (16 normal, 8 with focal medial, and 8 with lateral lesions) the SMZ thickness was determined, using a binocular macroscope and an image analysing system. In each case, the thickness distribution was reconstructed throughout the entire joint surface. The maximal and mean SMZ thicknesses were significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.01). In normal patellae and those with lateral lesions, the thickness was significantly thicker laterally than medially (P < 0.05), but it was not in specimens with medial damage. Patellae with medial damage exhibited a significantly lower total mean and lateral mean (P < 0.05). A lower SMZ thickness was found directly beneath medial lesions than beneath lateral ones, but the local thickness was always in the range of that observed in normal specimens. We conclude that differences of patellar SMZ thickness exist between males and females. Naturally occurring cartilage lesions appear, however, not to be associated with local changes of SMZ thickness, but they may be associated with an altered regional distribution pattern within the joint surface.
Knee Cap: A Morphometric Study
International Journal of Anatomy and Research
Background: The patella is the largest sessamoid bone embedded in the tendon of quadriceps femoris. Patella although not distinct for determining sex or race it is used for personal identification as it is resistant to post mortem changes. Purpose of the study: Dimensions and classification of patellae are important anthropologically as well as clinically for the determination of the size of a patellar implant. Since there has been no previous morphometric study on the patellae in South India population, this study aims at giving dimensions on measurements of patella as well as to classify them based on the articular facets. Results: A total of 65 dry right and left patella of both sexes were examined using five measurements. In this study the mean height, width and thickness of patella were 38.07, 38.58, and 18.29 mm respectively. Conclusion: The patellar height is of fundamental importance for patellofemoral operations involving knee arthroplasty, anterior cruciate ligament or proximal tibial osteotomy. Morphometric data presented in this study is beneficial for orthopedicians in designing patellar implants for procedures involving knee.
Patella Alta and chondromalacia
International Orthopaedics, 1982
The Insall-Salvati [5] method of assessing the position of the patella was applied to 247 male patients made up from five different groups. Three of the groups were Greeks with normal knees (45 patients), knees already operated on for chondromalacia patellae (36 patients) and knees with a clinical diagnosis of chondromalacia patellae (57 patients). The other two groups comprised 58 African negroes and 51 Arabs, in all of whom a clinical diagnosis of chondromalacia patellae had been made. The ratio of the length of the patella to the length of the patellar tendon in the Greeks was 0.982 in the normal knees, 0.96 in the knees after operation and 0.971 in the knees with clinical chondromalacia. The ratio in Africans was 0.904 and in Arabs 0.929. Patella alta was found in 50% of the Greeks who had had operation or clinical chondromalacia, but it was more frequent in the Africans (74.1%) and the Arabs (68.6%). This difference is statistically significant (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 respectively). * Commander Consultant in Orthopaedics, 32, Klada Str. Athens (410) -Greece Address offprint requests to: J. E. Karadimas chondropathie clinique. Ce rapport btait de 0.904 chez les Africains et de 0.929 chez les Arabes. La patella alta a btb trouvke chez 50% des Grecs avec chondropathie opbrbe ou diagnostiqube cliniquement, mais ce pourcentage btait plus blevb chez les Africains (74.1%) et les Arabes (68.6%). Cette diffbrence a une signification statistique avec, respectivement, p < 0.01 et p < 0.05.