The role of comparison questions in physiological detection of deception (original) (raw)
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Effect of Simulated Stress on Psychophysiology to determine Deception
International Research Journal On Police Science, 2018
An individual feel stressed when passed through a negative emotion or face conflict, and these underlying emotions and feelings are called stressors. These stressors can be physical, psychological or both but the resulted initial responses are the same. Deception relies on one basic principle that an individual who is undergoing stress will exhibit certain involuntary reactions. A stressor that involves social-evaluative threat (e.g. when performance can be evaluated by other) is the most powerful way to induce stress in laboratory settings. Studies suggest that cardiovascular, electrodermal, and respiratory measures are effective in discriminating between truth and deception; that can be measured by polygraph and interpreted by an expert. This can help in distinguishing between truthful and deceptive subjects. This study focused on the effects of simulated stress on psychophysiological reactions to determine deception in a comparison question test by using Utah Direct Lie method. Two-group simple randomized experimental design was used. Fifty two college going students of Gujarat Forensic Sciences University (GFSU), Gandhinagar, were selected through purposive sampling method and students were divided in two groups by fish-bowl method, each having 26 students. Written consent from all participants was collected and information regarding the simulation was provided prior to the experiment. Mock crime scenario of stealing was designed for the study and five items were selected, each having same value of INR rupees 200/-The group which actually performing the act was called an experimental condition-I and the group which did not directly participate in the simulation but was exposed to the situation was called experimental condition-II. All participants were tested on polygraph within an hour of simulation. Result shows that deceptiveness was 7.8% higher in experimental condition-1 than experimental condition-2. Total percentage of truthfulness was 77% and 23% subjects were found to be deceptive. Note: This study was conducted at GFSU for the fulfillment of Master's in Philosophy in Clinical psychology (2011-2013).
Detecting deception in suspects: Verbal cues as a function of interview strategy
Psychology Crime & Law, 2011
Research on deception has consistently shown that people are poor at detecting deception, partly due to lack of consistent cues to deception. This research focuses on eliciting verbal cues to deception when questioning suspects who deny crime and how such cues differ due to type of questioning. An experiment examined verbal differences between innocent and guilty mock suspects (N=96) as a function of veracity and interview style (Free recall, Probes, or Free recall plus Probes). Guilty (vs innocent) suspects omitted more crime-relevant information and their statements were more likely to contradict the evidence, showing that statement–evidence inconsistency was a cue to deception. This cue to deception was more pronounced when the interview contained probes. Lie-catchers (N=192) obtained an accuracy rate higher than chance (61.5%) for detecting deceptive denials. Implications for further research on verbal cues to deception are discussed.