Flood Mitigation in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India (original) (raw)

Floods and Mitigation Techniques -Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai & Kolkata

IJRASET, 2021

Floods are water-induced disasters that lead to temporary inundation of dry land cause severe damage to the target location, such as human loss and properties and infrastructures. Knowing that floods are part of human life and that this natural phenomenon can't be fully controlled, it's essential to focus on necessary steps to improve knowledge about preventing damages. This project discusses the floods in major cities in India-Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Delhi, the main reasons behind it, and how to prevent the floods from happening on the whole. I.

Overview of Recent Developments in Flood Mitigation Techniques with Respect to Indian Subcontinent

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2021

Number of natural calamities like earthquake, cyclone, landslide, pandemics etc are known to have devastating impact on human life but flood hazards are severe and frequent in nature. Every year, floods strike many parts of the world and result in huge loss of life and property. The trends in flood damages have been increasing exponentially mainly due to growing population, investments in flood affected areas and changes in land-use land cover patterns in upstream regions. Climate change is also playing a major role in increased number of flood events so it is also likely that flooding would be more frequent and widespread in future due to the extreme weather events perceived to be induced by changing climate. In addition, the social and environmental changes are further expected to increase the risk and cost of these natural disasters. This paper presents the overview of different factors related directly or indirectly with flood risk assessment, different strategies adopted by Government for mitigation of flood, flood damage statistics, impact on social, economic and infrastructural perspective.

Riverine Flood Hazard: Disaster Risk Reduction in India

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, 2018

The economic risk from and social vulnerability to riverine floods in India is one of the highest, if not the highest, in the world, with millions of people exposed and vulnerable, and billions of rupees worth of property and infrastructure at risk. Between 1953 and 2011, the total number of human lives lost to floods was 97,551 and the total economic cost of floods in India was 4.506x10 12 INR (6912x10 7 USD) in 2017 prices. Embankments have been the dominant flood protection scheme, or Disaster Risk Reduction strategy, since Independence and despite the heroic construction of tens of thousands of embankments to protect lives and property from floods, economic damage continues to rise, even when normalized for inflation to take account of increasing wealth and therefore an increase in the amount of property that can be damaged. Explanations of this apparent paradox vary, but appear to centre on breaches in embankments, incomplete embankments, sedimentation in channels because of embankments and therefore deeper and more dangerous floods, human encroachment onto floodplains partly as a result of 'the levee effect' whereby people feel safe in the presence of embankments, and the displacement of traditional coping mechanisms by government initiatives. While governments, NGOs, and academics have often discussed non-structural DRR, and some is in place, there has been little development of this approach to more completely complement structural interventions to reduce deaths and damage. A workshop of flood management practitioners and analysts in February 2017 produced a set of recommendations for a more robust form of DRR for India, and they are presented as a contribution to at least moderate what has become an existential crisis for many Indians.

Riverine Flood Hazard: Part B. Disaster Risk Reduction in India

DISASTER MANAGEMENT OF FLOOD AND ITS RETAINING TECHNIQUES

IRJET, 2022

Floods are the maximum common and destructive of all forms of natural screw ups and yearly affect the lives of tens of millions all around the world. Towards this history, improved climate variability and climate trade anticipated to increase the frequency and depth of floods. There are growing demands for channel to mitigate severe rural flooding by way of impacting a huge channelling capability for extra storm runoff. This examine aims to evaluate the flooding mitigation effect of a deep channel gadget proposed on the old downtown of Kolhapur, India. With the aid of supplying a sufficient channel of a specific type of size, we will reduce the flood force at the downstream aspect for minimizing the terrible impacts of floods, regularly making the distinction between life and dying.

Flood Management in India

Flood Problem and Management in South Asia, 2003

In this paper, flood problems in India, regional variability of the problem, present status of the ongoing management measures, their effectiveness and future needs in flood management are covered. Flood problems in India are presented by four zones of flooding, viz. (a) Brahmaputra River Basin, (b) Ganga River Basin, (c) NorthWest Rivers Basin, and (d) Central India and Deccan Rivers Basin. Some special problems, related to floods like dam break flow, and water logging in Tal areas, are also mentioned. Progress of various flood management measures, both structural and non-structural, are discussed. In addition, future needs to achieve efficient and successful flood management measures in India are also pointed out.

Urban Flood Disasters and Mitigation Practices – Cases of Srinagar, Gurugram and Chennai

Urban flooding is the accretion of land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, caused by rainfall overwhelming the capacity of drainage systems. A number of major cities and towns in India reported a series of devastating urban floods in the recent decade. Urban flooding is significantly different from rural flooding as urbanization leads to developed catchments, which increases the flood peaks from 1.8 to 8 times and flood volumes by up to 6 times. (NDMA Guidelines). In this paper, challenges of urban flooding have been studied taking instances of three cities of India viz. Srinagar, Gurugram and Chennai, selected for respective rationale. Srinagar is flooded due to unplanned urbanization, Gurugram due to breakage of Wetland linkages and Chennai flooded due to rapid urbanization, topography and siltation. The paper discusses causative factors responsible, the immediate need for flood risk reduction and management strategies.

Investigation of Issues in Structural Flood Management Measures in Sri Lanka

2021

© Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Manuscript Title Investigation of Issues in Structural Flood Management Measures in Sri Lanka Authors Miyami Dasandara, Rusiru Ernst, Udayangani Kulatunga and Pavithra Rathnasiri Submitted Date 16-Sep-2020 (1st Submission) Accepted Date 17-Jan-2021

Urban-Floods-in-India.pdf

Flooding is an accumulation of water in an area either by direct rainfall irresistible to the volume of drainage systems or a spill of huge amount of water from water bodies beyond normal limits. It could be localized, impacting a small area or could be vast or massive, impacting very large area. Urban flooding is caused by heavy rainfall overwhelming drainage capacity. It already has large economic and social impacts. These are very likely to increase if no changes are made to the unplanned development of buildings and infrastructure and poor management of urban drainage. Urban floods are a great disturbance of daily life in the city. Urbanization in developing countries doubled from less than 25% in 1970 to more than 50% in 2006. By 2020, seven of the world's ten largest economies will be from Asia. At the same time, Asia in one of the fastest urbanization regions in the world. In 2000, 37% of its population lived in cities and the proportion is projected to reach more than 50% by 2025.Across India, in the recent times, city after city has experienced floods. Through this paper, the author reviews urban flood events within India in recent past. This paper describes why it is important to study urban floods scenarios and what the need for this study is. It highlights the types and causes of the localized flooding as well as its impact and consequences. The study concludes the infrastructure and economic losses due to these urban events.

Flood is one of the significant and frequent disasters in the world. Of these more than 50% of the events occur in Asia. Every year there is loss of human life, animals, houses, goods and property due to the outrage of floods. Urban areas are witnessing drastic population growth resulting in decreasing rainwater infiltration and increase in runoff and flood peak. Severe and frequent flooding events are possibly due to climate change, socioeconomic damage, migration, development practices and political instability, which constantly reshape flood vulnerability. As a part of an integrated urban flood studies at KSNDMC, we are developing a plan for " Urban storm water flood management " –for Bangalore city, which is often subjected to monsoon fury. This paper describes the causes, circumstances and impact of flooding events in Bangalore city. In an urban scenario, like Bangalore, floods occur due to natural phenomenon such as heavy and / or high intensity rainfall, human factors such as blocking of storm water drains, population growth leading to improper land use & unplanned settlements etc. The immediate impact of floods will be mainly on the public transportation because of water submerging the roads, urban settlements in low laying areas due to inundation, chocking of storm water drains inundating the surrounding houses. In the Developing countries, like India, the activities of Flood management are handled by government and are still adopting a reactive approach during floods. This should be changed to proactive action which enhance effectiveness of management and reduce losses. For planning and implementing an effective short and long term flood management plan participation and cooperation between Government, non-governmental, private agencies and public is a prerequisite.

Flood Mitigation in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India (original) (raw)

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