A facile approach to fabricate graphene based piezoresistive strain sensor on paper substrate (original) (raw)
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Key Engineering Materials, 2014
A new strain gauge based on graphene piezoresistivity was fabricated by a novel low cost technique which suits mass production of micro piezoresistor sensors. The strain gauge consists of a monolayer graphene film made by chemical vapor deposition on a copper foil surface, and transferred to Si/SiO2 surface by using a polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) assisted transfer method. The film is shaped by laser machine to work as a conductive-piezoresistive material between two deposited electrical silver electrodes. This method of fabrication provides a high productivity due to the homogeneous distribution of the graphene monolayer all over the Si/SiO2 surface. The experimentally measured gauge factor of graphene based device is 255, which promises a new strain gauge sensor of high sensitivity.
Quantifying the Piezoresistive Mechanism in High-Performance Printed Graphene Strain Sensors
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Printed strain sensors will be important in applications such as wearable devices, which monitor breathing and heart function. Such sensors need to combine high sensitivity and low resistance with other factors such as cyclability, low hysteresis, and minimal frequency/strain-rate dependence. Although nanocomposite sensors can display a high gauge factor (G), they often perform poorly in the other areas. Recently, evidence has been growing that printed, polymer-free networks of nanoparticles, such as graphene nanosheets, display very good all-round sensing performance, although the details of the sensing mechanism are poorly understood. Here, we perform a detailed characterization of the thickness dependence of piezoresistive sensors based on printed networks of graphene nanosheets. We find both conductivity and gauge factor to display percolative behavior at low network thickness but bulk-like behavior for networks above ∼100 nm thick. We use percolation theory to derive an equation for gauge factor as a function of network thickness, which well-describes the observed thickness dependence, including the divergence in gauge factor as the percolation threshold is approached. Our analysis shows that the dominant contributor to the sensor performance is not the effect of strain on internanosheet junctions but the strain-induced modification of the network structure. Finally, we find these networks display excellent cyclability, hysteresis, and frequency/strain-rate dependence as well as gauge factors as high as 350.
Graphene as a Piezoresistive Material in Strain Sensing Applications
Micromachines, 2022
High accuracy measurement of mechanical strain is critical and broadly practiced in several application areas including structural health monitoring, industrial process control, manufacturing, avionics and the automotive industry, to name a few. Strain sensors, otherwise known as strain gauges, are fueled by various nanomaterials, among which graphene has attracted great interest in recent years, due to its unique electro-mechanical characteristics. Graphene shows not only exceptional physical properties but also has remarkable mechanical properties, such as piezoresistivity, which makes it a perfect candidate for strain sensing applications. In the present review, we provide an in-depth overview of the latest studies focusing on graphene and its strain sensing mechanism along with various applications. We start by providing a description of the fundamental properties, synthesis techniques and characterization methods of graphene, and then build forward to the discussion of numerous...
Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2016
An optically transparent nanographite coating has been developed owing to a poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrates. The adhesion to the PMMA surface combined with the shear stress allowed an uniform and continuous spreading of the graphite nanocrystals on the substrate surface with formation of a very uniform graphene multilayer coating. This coating is characterized by high piezoresitivity and it is suitable to work as sensible and reliable local strain sensor. Its piezoresistive features have been characterized by bending tests yielding a Gauge Factor (GF) which is of the order of 50. The structural and strain properties of the compound were studied under stress by Infra-Red Thermography (IRT) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The strain strength has been estimated as a funcition of the bending load. The electrical transport was investigated as a function of the applied stress. Features are consistent with a intergrain electrical transport mechanism among graphene platelets.
ACS Omega
In recent times, flexible piezoresistive polymer nanocomposite-based strain sensors are in high demand in wearable devices and various new age applications. In the polymer nanocomposite-based strain sensor, the dispersion of conductive nanofiller remains challenging due to the competing requirements of homogenized dispersion of nanofillers in the polymer matrix and retaining of the inherent characteristics of nanofillers. In the present work, waterproof and flexible poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) with a polymer-functionalized hydrogenexfoliated graphene (HEG)-based piezoresistive strain sensor is developed and demonstrated. The novelty of the work is the incorporation of polystyrene sulfonate sodium salt (PSS) polymer-functionalized HEG in a PVDF-based flexible piezoresistive strain sensor. The PSS-HEG provides stable dispersion in the hydrophobic PVDF polymer matrix without sacrificing its inherent characteristics. The electrical conductivity of the PVDF/PSS-HEG-based strain sensor is 0.3 S cm −1 , which is two orders of magnitude higher than the PVDF/HEG-based strain sensor. Besides, near the percolation region, the PVDF/PSS-HEG shows a maximum gauge factor of 10, which is about two times higher than the PVDF/HEG-based flexible strain sensor and 5-fold higher than the commercially available metallic strain gauge. The enhancement in the gauge factor is due to the stable dispersion of PSS-HEG in the PVDF matrix and electron conjugation caused by the adherence of negatively charged sulfonate functional groups on the HEG. The developed waterproof flexible strain sensor is demonstrated using portable wireless interfacing device for various applications. This work shows that the waterproof flexible PVDF/ PSS-HEG-based strain sensor can be a potential alternative to the commercially available metallic strain gauge.
Scalable fabrication of high-performance and flexible graphene strain sensors
Nanoscale, 2014
This file includes: 1. Scalable Fabrication of laser scribed graphene 2. XPS results of laser scribed graphene 3. Raman results of laser scribed graphene 4. Electrical results of laser scribed graphene 5. Optical results of laser scribed graphene 6. Endurance testing of the graphene micro-ribbon strain sensors
International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, 2021
The demand for flexible and wearable sensors is increasing day by day due to varied applications in the biomedical field. Especially highly sensitive sensors are required for the detection of the low signal from the body. It is important to develop a pressure sensor that can convert the maximum input signal into the electrical output. In this paper, the design and performance of graphene piezoresistive pressure sensors have been investigated by zig–zag piezoresistors on the square diaphragm. On the applied pressure, deformation is sensed by the piezoresistors above the diaphragm. Finite element analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of zig–zag piezoresistors on the square diaphragm. Simulated results for the optimized design are obtained for an operating range of 0–100 psi for pressure sensitivity.
Wafer-scale flexible graphene strain sensors
2013 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, 2013
In this paper, wafer-scale flexible strain sensors with high-performance are fabricated in one-step laser scribing. The graphene films could be obtained by direct reducing graphene oxide film in a light-scribe DVD burner. Our graphene strain sensor has the gauge factor (GF) of 0.11. In order to enhance the GF further, the graphene micro-ribbon has been used as strain sensor, which has the GF up to 9.49, which is higher than most of the reported that of graphene strain sensors (0.55~6.1). Our devices can meet the needs of specific applications, for example, high GF for low-strain applications and low GF for high deformation applications. Our work indicates that laser scribed flexible graphene strain sensors could be widely used for medical-sensing, bio-sensing, artificial skin and many other areas.
Highly flexible and sensitive graphene-silver nanocomposite strain sensor
2015 IEEE SENSORS, 2015
We are reporting, a novel reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and silver (Ag) nanocomposite based piezoresistive thin film sensor realized on kapton (polyimide) membrane substrate by drop casting method for strain sensing application. Incorporation of small quantity of (Ag) fillers into RGO, subsequently it can create a novel nanocomposite with improved structural and functional properties. The as-synthesized RGO and nanocomposite were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) for their structural properties and morphology analysis. As fabricated nanocomposite strain sensor undergoes piezoresistive behavior when mechanical strain is applied to the flexible substrate and its output resistance variations have been observed. The electromechanical property of nanocomposite was analyzed with mechanical cantilever bending method and the gauge factor of about 9 to 12 was observed. The change of electrical resistance of the nanocomposite film can be used in sensing mechanism for changes in chemical, biological, vibrational, temperature, pressure, load or force and displacement sensor applications.