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The Classified Forest of Upper Alibori (CFUA) is one of the favorite destinations of national and foreign transhumant who are attracted by its availability of water and forage resources. The agricultural and pastoral pressures on the biological resources of this reserve forest are intensifying, and it is important to develop the transhumance map and the pastoral calendar. The semi-structured and structured interviews with 300 actors of transhumance were conducted. The surveys had shown that transhumance within CFUA was mainly due to fodder and water research (81%), and the avoidance of conflicts between farmers and herders due to field damage (16.1%). The calendar, the itinerary followed and the length of stay of transhumant were depended on the availability of pastoral resources (61.1%) and the frequency of forest patrols in the CFUA (8.5%). The period of departure or return in transhumance remained variable according to the rainfall of the current year. Thus, the cattle herd movements started from the Sahelo-Sudanian zone (Niger, Burkina-Faso) or the riparian villages, either to join CFUA or to cross it in the direction of South Benin or Togo. These results lay the foundations for a better exploitation of the pastoral resources of the classified forest of Upper Alibori.
Journal of Mountain Science, 2012
Transhumant pastoralism is an important activity in southern Morocco. Migration pattern of transhumant pastoralists can be affected by physical factors (e.g. droughts and diseases) or socioeconomic factors (e.g. schooling options for children and migration costs). We studied the spatio-temporal rangeland usage of the three tribes Ait Mgoun, Ait Zekri, and Ait Toumert in the south-central Atlas region with a two-fold approach. First, we tracked the migration movements of one representative transhumant herd using the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS) collars, which record coordinates from satellite signals. Second, we interviewed herders to obtain information about general grazing practices of the respective tribe and to gain more direct information on motivations underlying decisions. For each tribe we observed small-, medium-and large-scale movements. We found that the most important drivers of migration decisions were seasonal fodder availability and weather conditions in combination with herd-specific risk and cost assessment, as well as personal factors.
Etnoantropološki problemi / Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, 2023
The paper presents the results of a field study of transhumant pastoralism which was carried out in June and July 2022 on the Zelengora, Volujak and Lebršnik mountains, on the Morine plateau, i.e. in the areas of the municipalities of Ljubinje, Nevesinje, Kalinovik and Gacko (Republic of Srpska-Bosnia and Herzegovina). The goal of the research was to determine the present state and development trends of transhumant pastoralism in the areas of eastern Herzegovina at the beginning of the 21st century. The paper gives an overview of the previous (ethnological) studies of transhumant pastoralism, and then presents the methodological procedures used in this research. The ethnographic section summarizes interviews with interviewees and field guides. The observed problems, both those that were talked about by the interviewees and those that were independently observed, were jointly expressed in the separate section as development trends that describe and at the same time shape the current state of transhumant pastoralism in the studied area. The problems in question are: the transformation of pastoralism into an individual economic strategy, and in some cases a form of personal leisure; changes in the directions and manner of livestock routes; the persistence of the basic production technology, along with the modernization of its individual elements; the weakening and dissolution of elements of the traditional cultural idiom; legal changes in property rights and the method of making compensations for rights of use; multiple consequences of war; increasingly pronounced neoliberal economic relations and withdrawal of the state; strengthening of personal motivation to engage in pastoralism; growing interest in zoological, ecological and climate topics. In almost all of the aforementioned trends, it is possible to recognize adaptation to the risks that come with changes in the environment, both natural and social. These are changes in the economy, demography, social relations, climate and ecology. The interviewees found ways to more or less successfully manage the mentioned risks.
A note on transhumant pastoralism in Niti valley, Western Himalaya, India
Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice, 2013
Pastoralism plays an important role in the ecology of alpine habitats and the economy of rural people in some regions of India. The pastoralists move from lower altitudes of the Himalayas to higher alpine regions in summer and return back to lower altitude villages with the onset of autumn. The forested areas along the routes of transhumant pastoralists are affected by anthropogenic pressures, viz. grazing by livestock and tree lopping by the herders for fuelwood. To demarcate such areas and evaluate the effect of anthropogenic disturbances, a preliminary documentation of the routes is needed. Interviews were conducted using semi-structured questionnaires to elucidate the information from herders visiting Niti valley, Western Himalayas. The interviews found that most of these herders had common stopovers following a similar route to the valley from their respective villages. More than 70% of herders made their transit camps at Niti village and adjoining areas. They stay there for a few days and then the majority move on to higher alpine pastures of Geldung. The rest either stay back at alpine areas near Niti or in the alpine areas adjoining Gamsali village. These stopovers are areas which experience maximum anthropogenic pressure during livestock migrations, and the vegetation is the most affected. Documentation of migration routes will help identify such areas of high pressure and develop management plans to minimize the disturbances.
A Study of Transhumance Pastoralism in Village Utla, District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 2020
Box 1. The desert in Jordan: a parking lot for herds? Box 2. The Raika and their camels Box 3. Measuring output over time Box 4 Overgrazing in Africa's high-altitude grasslands Box 5. Keeping Chukchi reindeer herds in check Box 6. Persuading the Navajo to sell Box 7. The expansion of micro-livestock in Nigeria v 6. Experience to date suggests that technical inputs will only have a very limited impact on overall output. Only a major policy reorientation will protect and support pastoralism during the next millennium. Elements likely to become important are; a. Production of niche products, either unusual species or breeds, and meat and milk free from contaminants b. Crop-livestock integration, the effective use of pastoral outputs in mixed farming, particularly the extension of work animals c. Co-conservation, the development of interlocking strategies to link conservation of wild fauna and flora with pastoral production d. The expansion of ecologically-sensitive low-volume tourism, using pastoralists to provide services, particularly in the area of indigenous knowledge Roger Blench: Pastoralists in the new millennium
Transhumant Pastoralism and Climate
Nuradin Mohamed Abi, 2024
The seasonal climate change affects the migration of the population and the herds of livestock in Somaliland. The mobility and transhumance of pastoralism communities penetrate ample grass and water during the dry season. Climate change brought the vulnerability of the pastoralist communities with the loss of livestock and mobility from one location to another. The scarcity of water, grazing areas, food, and agricultural production increases competition between transhumant pastoralists and local communities in their habitat.
Cattle transhumance and agropastoral nomadic herding practices in Central Cameroon
BMC Veterinary Research
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, livestock transhumance represents a key adaptation strategy to environmental variability. In this context, seasonal livestock transhumance also plays an important role in driving the dynamics of multiple livestock infectious diseases. In Cameroon, cattle transhumance is a common practice during the dry season across all the main livestock production zones. Currently, the little recorded information of the migratory routes, grazing locations and nomadic herding practices adopted by pastoralists, limits our understanding of pastoral cattle movements in the country. GPS-tracking technology in combination with a questionnaire based-survey were used to study a limited pool of 10 cattle herds from the Adamawa Region of Cameroon during their seasonal migration, between October 2014 and May 2015. The data were used to analyse the trajectories and movement patterns, and to characterize the key animal health aspects related to this seasonal migration in Cameroon. Results: Several administrative Regions of the country were visited by the transhumant herds over more than 6 months. Herds travelled between 53 and 170 km to their transhumance grazing areas adopting different strategies, some travelling directly to their destination areas while others having multiple resting periods and grazing areas. Despite their limitations, these are among the first detailed data available on transhumance in Cameroon. These reports highlight key livestock health issues and the potential for multiple types of interactions between transhumant herds and other domestic and wild animals, as well as with the formal livestock trading system. Conclusion: Overall, these findings provide useful insights into transhumance patterns and into the related animal health implications recorded in Cameroon. This knowledge could better inform evidence-based approaches for designing infectious diseases surveillance and control measures and help driving further studies to improve the understanding of risks associated with livestock movements in the region.