Four-wave mixing heterodyne interferometric imaging of goldnanoparticles in cells (original) (raw)

2018

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) are widely utilised for bio-imaging applications owing to their facile synthesis, ease of surface functionalisation and bio-conjugation, as well as bio-compatibility. However, when embedded in highly heterogeneous and fluo- rescing environments such as biological cells and tissues, these NPs have to be large (typically >50 nm diameter) to be distinguished optically against backgrounds via their linear absorption and scattering at the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). As a result, cell imaging protocols often adopt the use of fluorophore tags attached onto the NP, and assume that the fluorophore is a reliable reporter. These constructs are routinely used in correlative microscopy techniques such as Correlative Light Elec- tron microscopy (CLEM) and presume that the fluorophore colocalises well with the electron dense NP. In this thesis, I present the application of our recently developed four-wave-mixing (FWM) imaging modality to investigate the spatial cor...

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