Global Warming - Causes, Impacts and Mitigation Strategies in Agriculture (original) (raw)

Climate change: Causes, impacts and combat with special reference to agriculture - A review

Current Advances in Agricultural Sciences, 2019

Climate change is variation of different climatic factors and phenomenon from their normal range for considerably longer period and one of its major symptoms is global warming-the rise in earth's global surface temperature. Various natural factors and anthropogenic activities are responsible for the process of climate change scientifically evidenced from 20 th century. Climate change has considerably impacted to human civilization and different natural systems;andits future projections are more severe and seriousendangeringthe food security and existence of different eco systems; if globally integrated and coordinated efforts are not taken. Mitigation and adaptation strategies are necessary to implement to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission at their sources and for reducing the impacts of climate change and climate-related risks, by maintaining or increasing adaptive capacity and resilience in the systems. Agriculture activities and deforestation is contributed about 24% of the global greenhouse gas emissions; also it has a relevant capacity to absorb GHGs from the atmosphere through carbon sinks (with carbon sequestration and conservation). Hence; the agricultural sector has a substantial potential for mitigation and adaptation; as various technological interventions and management practices can reduce the GHGs emission as well as maintained the food security and climate resiliencies.

Effect of Global Warming on Agricultural Systems

2013

Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. The overall effect of climate change on agriculture will depend on the balance of these effects. Due to global warming, the frequency of droughts in several tropical countries has increased whereas flooding in several countries severely disrupted the food production and the carrying capacity of the biosphere. Assessment of the effects of global climate changes on agriculture might help to properly anticipate and adapt farming to maximize agricultural production. This paper emphasizes how agricultural growth and sustainability has to be achieved,while coping with the climate change phenomenon. Climate change is likely to reduce yields of most crops in long-term. In short-term effects may be small. Increased climatic variability could cause significant fluctuations in production even in short-term. Adaptation strategies can help minimize negative impacts. These need greater research,...

Global Warming and Its Possible Impact on Agriculture in India (Advances in Agronomy vol 123; 2014)

A REVIEW: CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE

2020

Global climate change has emerged as one of the major threat to agriculture in recent times. Climate is changing at a very faster rate resulting in increase in temperature, melting of ice, rise in sea level, extreme weather conditions etc. which directly or indirectly affects agriculture. Crop productivity, irrigation demand, water availability, soil fertility, incidence of pest disease and weed etc. are affected significantly as the climate changes. Climate change threatens to enhance the potential for soil erosion, reduce soil fertility and lower agricultural productivity thus enhancing the severity of challenges that we are facing in 21 st century. Agriculture and climate change are interrelated. A significant amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide are emitted by agriculture and allied sectors, thus accelerating the process of climate change. Principle agricultural process emitting GHGs are deforestation, livestock and fertilizer application. Agricultural productivity under changing climate can be sustained by following adaptation and mitigation strategies through adoption of several agronomic practices such as organic farming, agroforestry, manure application etc.

A Review on Relationship between Climate Change and Agriculture

This paper reviews various articles and documents on relationship between climate change and agriculture. The two-way relationship of climate change and agriculture is of great significance in particular to developing countries due to their large dependence on agricultural practice for livelihoods and their lack of infrastructure for adaptation when compared to developed countries. Agricultural activities are affected by climate change affects due to their direct dependence on climatic factors. In high latitude areas with low temperature, increased temperature due to climate change could allow for longer growing season. Agriculture affects climate through emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. These emissions come directly from use of fossil fuels, tillage practices, fertilized agricultural soils and livestock manure in large proportion. Conversely, agriculture could be a solution for climate change by the widespread adoption of mitigation and adaptation actions. This happens with the help of best management practices such as organic farming, agroforestry practice and manure management etc.

Impact of climate change on agriculture: An Indian perspective

India is the seventh largest country of the world. In India temperature will increase 3oC to 6oC and rainfall will increase 15-30% in 21 Centaury. While the global surface temperature is projected to increase by 1-4oC from 2100 for low emission scenario and 2.5-5.8oC for higher emission scenario in the atmosphere. This Paper has been prepared with the objects of provide key information on the impacts of climate on Indian agriculture. The greenhouses gas emissions increases day by day in the atmosphere from the many sources such as industrial sources crop production and fossil fuel combustion. These are the major sources for the climate change. The global increases in carbon dioxide concentration are due primarily to fossil fuel use and land use change, while those of methane and nitrous oxide are primarily due to agriculture. Currently Available general circulation models (GCMs) suggest that the area-averaged annual mean warming would be about 3°C in the decade of the 2050s and about 5°C in the decade of the 2080s over the land regions of Asia as a result of future increases in atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. In Rajasthan, a 2°C rise in temperature was estimated to reduce production of pearl millet by 10-15 per cent (Y S Ramakrishna et al.,). The state of Madhya Pradesh, where soybean is grown on 77 per cent of all agricultural land, could dubiously benefit from an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Climate Change-Its Impact on Agriculture

2010

Global warming has effects and consequences on all walks of life. The consequences of global warming can be seen in the atmospheric weather, local climate change, glacier retreat and disappearance, oceans, seal level rise, acidification, forest fires, ozone depletion, agriculture, water scarcity as well as the health of individuals. An increase of 2oC in temperature could decrease the rice yield by about 0.75 t/ha and 0.5oC increase in winter temperature reduce wheat yield 0.45 t/ha. Results showed that about 7.4, 8.7 and 9.8 per cent of total cumulative CO 2 , SO 2 and NO 2 emission respectively could be avoided between 1997 and 2015 by using efficient appliances. Improved training and general education of populations dependent on agriculture. Agriculture research to develop new crop varieties. Identification of the present vulnerabilities of agricultural systems. Food programmes and other social security programmes to provide insurance against supply changes. Transportation, distr...

Global Warming and Its Possible Impact on Agriculture in India

Progress has been significant in climate science and the direct and indirect influences of climate on agricultural productivity. With the likely growth of the world's population toward 10 billion by 2050, demand for food crops will grow faster than demand for other crops. The prospective climate change is global warming (with associated changes in hydrologic regimes and other climatic variables) induced by the increasing concentration of radiatively active greenhouse gases. Climate models project that global surface air temperatures may increase by 4.0–5.8 C in the next few decades. These increases in temperature will probably offset the likely benefits of increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide on crop plants. Climate change would create new environmental conditions over space and time and in the intensity and frequency of weather and climate processes. Therefore, climate change has the potential to influence the productivity of agriculture significantly. Climate variability has also become a reality in India. The increase in mean temperature by 0.3–0.6 C per decade since the 1860s across India indicates significant warming due to climate change. This warming trend is comparable to global mean increases in temperature in the past 100 years. It is projected that rainfall patterns in India would change with the western and central areas witnessing as many as 15 more dry days each year, whereas the northern and northwestern areas could have 5 to 10 more days of rainfall annually. Thus, dry areas are expected to get drier and wet areas wetter. It is projected that India's population could reach 1.4 billion by 2025 and may exceed China's in the 2040s. If agricultural production is adversely affected by climate change, livelihood and food security in India would be at risk. Because the livelihood system in India is based on agriculture, climate change could cause increased crop failure and more frequent incidences of pests. Therefore, future challenges will be more complex and demanding. This chapter focuses on the variability of climate change and its probabilistic effects on agricultural productivity and adaptation and mitigation strategies that can help in managing the adverse effect of climate change on agricultural productivity, in particular for India.

A Study on Impacts on Global Warming on Sustainable Agriculture

Journal of American Science, 2011

Agriculture is a human activity that is intimately associated with climate. It is well known that the broad patterns of agricultural growth over long time scales can be explained by a combination of climatic, ecological and economics factors. Sustainable agriculture can be broken into three components: economic, environmental, and social. A major concern in the understanding of the impacts of climate change is the extent to which agriculture will be affected. Global climate change has become an important area of investigation in natural sciences and engineering, and irrigation has often been cited as an area in which climate change may be particularly important for decision-making. Although climate change is expected to have a significant impact on water availability and irrigation requirements, the extend and effect on the water resources planning and management process remains largely unknown. Climate change has many effects on the hydrological cycle and thus, on water resources systems. Global warming could result in changes in water availability and demand, as well as in the redistribution of water resources, in the structure and nature of water consumption, and exasperate conflicts among water users. Impact of global warming on crop water requirements plays a role of paramount importance in assessing irrigation needs. The planning and design process needs to be sufficiently flexible to incorporate consideration of and responses to many possible climate impacts. The main factors that will influence the worth of incorporating climate change into the process are the level of planning, the reliability of the forecasting.

Global Warming - Causes, Impacts and Mitigation Strategies in Agriculture (original) (raw)

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