PM2.5 concentration and meteorological characteristics in Dhaka, Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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Characterization of Inhalable Ground-Level Ambient Particulate Matter in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Journal of Scientific Research, 2020
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Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2010
The objectives of this work were to monitor and quantify the airborne particles (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and to<br />predict the influence of human and natural activities on their ambient concentrations. Samples of Air-borne<br />Particulate Matter (APM) in the size range 0-2.5 μm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and 0-10 μm (PM<sub>10</sub>) were collected<br />simultaneously using two MiniVol portable air samplers at Mohakhali and Farmgate area in Dhaka city.<br />At Mohakhali effective sampling duration was from May 16 to May 23, 2004 and at Farmgate from June 6<br />to June 13, 2004. Continuous seven day monitoring was carried out to find the effect of meteorology, traffic<br />load and other anthropogenic activities on ambient Particulate Matter (PM) pollution level. Weekday and<br />weekend average traffic number was evaluated by field technicians at both sampling sites. These sites...
Airborne Particulate Pollution Measured in Bangladesh from 2014 to 2017
Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2019
Recently, the World Health Organization ranked Narayanganj, Chittagong, and Dhaka among the top 25, 40, and 45 cities, respectively, for high ambient PM 2.5 concentrations. Bangladesh has instituted an air quality monitoring system operated by the Department of Environment. PM 2.5 and PM 10 were measured hourly from January 2014 through December 2017 in Dhaka, Gazipur, Narayanganj, Chittagong, Sylhet, and Barisal. All sites registered concentrations for both pollutants that exceeded the 24-h Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The particulate matter (PM) concentrations varied significantly seasonally and with different diel patterns from city to city. The highest concentrations were observed during the winter, typically when wind speeds and mixed layer heights are low and pollutant concentrations are increased by transport from the northwest. The PM 2.5 concentrations from the 1 st quarters of 2014 and 2015 were compared to assess whether political unrest that appeared to reduce vehicular moment to very low levels affected the observed values. However, the PM 2.5 concentrations were statistically similar at the Dhaka, Narayanganj, and Sylhet sites and different for the Gazipur, Chittagong, and Barisal locations. Thus, the PM 2.5 concentrations during the political unrest in the 1 st quarter of 2015 were not consistently lower across the measurement sites. These results indicate that vehicular emission contributions to PM 2.5 concentrations are smaller than in the past, which agrees with recent source apportionment studies showing that brick kilns have become the dominant source of PM.
Assessment of trends and present ambient concentrations of PM2.2 and PM10 in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2008
The present air quality has been studied at two air quality monitoring stations in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. One site at the Farm Gate area is a particulate matter (PM) hot spot (HSD) with very high pollutant concentrations because of its proximity to major roadways. The other site is in a semi-residential area (SR) located at the Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka Campus with relatively less traffic. The samples were collected using a 'Gent' stacked filter unit in two fractions of 0-2.2 and 10-2.2 μm sizes. Samples of fine (PM 2.2 ) and coarse (PM 10-2.2 ) airborne particulate matter collected between 2000 and 2005 were studied. It has been observed that fine particulate matter concentrations at the HSD have decreased from over this period to less than half of the initial value even with an increasing number of vehicles. This decrease is likely the result of governmental policy interventions such as the requirement of vehicle maintenance, training of repair workers, and phase-wise removal of two-stroke three wheelers from the roads in Dhaka with a complete ban of their commercial use beginning on January 1, 2003. Other policy interventions were banning of old buses and trucks from operating in Dhaka, promotion of the compressed natural gas, introduction of pollution control devices on vehicles, control of emissions from industries, etc. It was found that both local (mostly from vehicular emissions and seasonal brick kilns) are responsible for the high PM 2.2 and black carbon concentrations in Dhaka. PM 2.2 , PM 10-2.2 , and black carbon concentration levels depend on the season, wind direction, and wind speed. PM 10-2.2 has not been the focus of policy decisions, and the decrease in concentrations has been much smaller than were observed for the PM 2.2 . There is also some indication of the role of transport of PM 2.2 from regional sources.
Temporal variation of ambient particulate matter in Chattogram City, Bangladesh
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Introduction: Chattogram is known as the Bangladesh’s commercial capital with its diversified industrial areas and seaport. This study aimed to assess the Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in relation to meteorological characteris- tics in Chattogram city from 2013-2018. Materials and methods: Monthly PM2.5 and PM10 data were collected from the Continuous Air Monitoring Station (CAMS) in Chattogram City (Agrabad Point) which is operated by the Department of Environment (DoE) of Ban- gladesh under the Clean Air and Sustainable Environment (CASE) project. Results: This Study found the higher concentration of both PM2.5 and PM10 occurred from December to February and it decreases from July-September and begins to increase from the month of October. The PM values seasonally varied being higher during the winter seasons and decreased in rainy seasons. The PM2.5 mass was detected 50% of that of PM10 which is mostly from bio- mass burn and vehicles activities. Meteorological parameters s...
Meteorological Influences on Urban Air Quality Parameters in Dhaka City
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Impact of Trans-Boundary Pollution (PM-2.5) on the Air Quality of Dhaka City in Bangladesh
Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin, 2021
Clean air is a basic need of human beings for its existence. In recent years, air pollution in city areas, especially in Dhaka and Chittagong, has become a significant threat to health and well-being. Dhaka is found to suffer a high level of pollution during the dry season, which is from November to April, especially for Particulate Matter, PM2.5, concentration. From December to February this situation is found to be the worst crossing the WHO guidelines and National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Bangladesh is surrounded by countries with the fastest-growing economy like India and China who use coal-burning technologies for different purposes such as producing power and running mills. They release the lion’s share of the air pollutants in South Asia and these pollutants easily get transported to neighboring countries. This is known as transboundary pollution. This study investigates the contribution of transboundary transportation of PM-2.5 in the air quality of Dhaka city. Ninety-S...
Trends in atmospheric particulate matter in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and the vicinity
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016
Purpose-In order to reduce the health impacts of air pollution effectively, developing strategies that involves individual or community level is crucial. The purpose of this paper is to assess people's protective practices for inhalable particulate matter and its significant determinants such as general characteristics, knowledge and attitude among residents of an urban residential area, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach-This cross-sectional study was conducted by systematic random sampling. A total of 424 people, who lived in that area for not less than two years before the survey, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. χ 2 and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the data. Findings-Only a small proportion of respondents had high practice level. In addition, a little more than half has high level of knowledge about inhalable particulate matter, its adverse health effects and protective practices and almost 70 percent had high level of attitude toward air pollution. The protective practices for small inhalable particulate matter was significantly associated with age, educational level, occupation, knowledge and attitude toward small inhalable particulate matter, its adverse health effects and protective measures. Originality/value-A good level of knowledge about the prevailing air pollution and related health risks can be crucial to develop more focused attempt at changing the current situation with public participation. The environmental experts and health volunteer should disseminate precise and adequate information about long-term health hazards of particulate matter and measures of exposure prevention to improve the protective practices.
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Particulate matter (PM) is the most significant air pollutant associated with death and disease compared to other measured criteria pollutants. In this paper, the study have been performed to know about the particulate pollution and its effect in human life in Pabna, a city of Bangladesh. This particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10) concentrations in the air of Pabna city have been investigated at five selected locations in Pabna city. Investigation was done by " Handheld Laser Particle Counter " device. From this study it is found that in Pabna the air pollution problem is severe and it crosses the AQI standard. This paper also recommends the possible ways to improve the air pollution problem in Pabna, Bangladesh.
Advances in Environmental Technology, 2020
The present study assessed the impacts of seasonal variation on the atmospheric abundance of gaseous air pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, CO) and particulates (PM2.5 and PM10) at Gazipur city. The air pollution data was collected from the study area using a Continuous Air Monitoring Station (CAMS) (CAMS-4, Gazipur) of DoE from October 2017 to September 2018. The highest concentrations of air pollutants were found in the winter (PM2.5=208 μg/m3, PM10=300 μg/m3, NO2=45.1 ppb, CO=3.91 ppm, O3=4.17 ppb) as opposed to those of the post-monsoon (PM2.5=133μg/m3, PM10=169 μg/m3, NO2=23.52 ppb, CO=2.25 ppm, O3=7.71 ppb), pre-monsoon (PM2.5=115 μg/m3, PM10=216 μg/m3, NO2=33.5 ppb, CO=1.75 ppm, O3=4.23 ppb), and monsoon (PM2.5=37.5 μg/m3, PM10=85.6 μg/m3, NO2=13.9 ppb, CO=0.84 ppm, O3=4.23 ppb). The highest concentration of five air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, O3)indicated that the higher pollutant load in the winter was associated with large-scale polluted air transported from the brick kiln at a distance of 5-7 km at the sampling site. The wind-rose data analysis indicated that most of the air during the winter season came to the sampling site from the northern part of the Gazipur district, from the brickfield zones. In contrast, a reverse relationship between the rainfall and atmospheric pollution, temperature, and atmospheric pollution load was observed during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter. This finding revealed that the lowest concentration of air pollutants during monsoon was associated with the washout effect of precipitation on atmospheric pollutants. A moderate correlation (R2=0.58) between CO and O3 pollutants during the study indicated their atmospheric origin by photochemical reactions was associated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). PM2.5 showed a positive correlation with PM10 (R2=0.84), indicating that both PM2.5 and PM10 were produced from similar pathways of fossil fuel combustion by automobiles and industrial activities. Further, the air quality index (AQI) analysis showed unhealthy atmospheric conditions throughout the year for city dwellers around the study area.