Alternative Solutions for RTK-GPS Applications in Building and Road Constructions (original) (raw)
Related papers
The paper discusses surveying by means of RTK-GPS positioning techniques in construction work with emphasis on using a single GPS receiver. The use of the traditional RTK GPS method is first discussed, followed by outlining the principles and advantages of using RTK reference networks. Possible applications of these techniques in the construction field are given. A system consisting of a triad of three cheap orthogonal laser pointers is presented for rapid setting out of surveying marks and for minimizing the number of points occupied by GPS during night work. The system can be used to set out several points along and perpendicular to any line on the site. A model is also presented for transferring map distances derived by the GPS grid coordinates to their respective ground distances. The presented techniques were evaluated during construction of a large building and its access road. Measurement corrections were employed from a national RTK network in Dubai Emirate, UAE. The RTK GPS method was also used for determination of instantaneous orthometric heights from GPS ellipsoidal heights and geoid heights. The latter were interpolated from a recently developed precise gravimetric geoid model for Dubai. In addition, the GPS was used for instantaneous determination of a total station location working on the site, by mounting the antenna directly on top of the total station alidade; thus eliminating the need for establishing permanent horizontal control stations. Results showed that positioning accuracy of 1-3 cm was generally achieved. Repeatability results showed, however, that cm-level differences in coordinate estimation can still be experienced between different observing sessions. Thus, this method is appropriate for medium accuracy construction surveys, such as grading and staking out of road marks, footings, pipelines, utilities, landscapes and fences.
Investigation on Accuracies of Real Time Kinematic GPS for GIS Applications
Remote Sensing, 2009
Since the advent of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) people specialised in this area or connected with GIS at an administrative or user level have been looking for economical and productive means to accomplish data acquisition tasks. Because the data acquisition constitutes a major part of any GIS, the scientific community, especially geodetic surveyors, have come up with the real time kinematic (RTK) GPS solution. This paper investigates the performance (internal and external accuracy) of RTK GPS. For this purpose, two separate tests are conducted. In the first test, three cases are taken in consideration for internal accuracy, namely, identical satellite configuration, different satellite configuration and different reference station. In the second test, two cases are examined in which RTK GPS results are compared with the static GPS and conventional terrestrial methods. The results from all the tests have proved that this modern technique is very suitable for data acquisition of GISs as well as efficient and economical.
ieeexplore.ieee.org
The purpose of the research was to determine vertical accuracy of RTK-GPS in comparing with automatic level surveying procedure as has been applied in the vicinity of the University Putra Malaysia campus. A comparison of the differences between the two methods indicates 95% confidence accuracy. The results obtained by this experiment indicated an accuracy of 0-10 centimeters in the measurement of elevation by RTK-GPS system. The result of the present work also indicated that the RTK-GPS system might be very useful in surveying work as carried out by topographers, engineers, and surveyors etc.
Evaluate Accuracy Between RTK GPS and Total Station in Adjustment Closed Traverse Using the Least Square Method., 2020
The necessity to implement high precision engineering projects requires the use of precise surveying equipment. The most surveyors currently used high precision instruments like of the Global Position System GPS and the Total Station TS. The aim of this research is evaluation the precision assessment between Real time kinematic RTK GPS and TS via measuring of close traverse by applying the least square method by using Map check tool in Civil3D program. Furthermore, two-dimensional 6 points closed traverse was recognized and include at the Higher Instate for Building Treads and Construction campus, Benghazi city-Libya. This study the accuracy difference between the instruments is through adjustment of 6 points closed traverse. Root mean square error RMSE and standard deviation SD were used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the measurement by RKT and TS. The accuracy of the RTK device was better than the TS device with absolute errors 0.057 m and RMSE for East 0.018 m, and North 0.021 m besides SD= 2.53. RKT can measure points without any line of sight requirement. However, RTK based survey is not only practical and efficient but also time-saving than TS and more efficient in human resources. Therefore, investment in RTK GPS system might be worthwhile.
Ability of RTK-Based GPS Measurement Method in High Accuracy Work in Geomatics Study
Asian Journal of University Education
Insfrastructure development require significant changes and transformation in Geomatics field for the upcoming decade. The use of new technology in Geomatics and surveying is essential and can be leveraged in many survey application that will help on building the nation towards a sustainable future. In the last 5 years, GNSS technology has been widely used and practiced to replace total station for survey work. Main factors that contributes to this busniness changes are the availability of much cheaper equipment with good technical capability in the market that helps surveyor to perform their work faster and more efficient. Global navigation satellite system services for accurate positioning has also rapidly increased and provide many option and solution for industry player or surveyor to choose. Combination of multiple global navigation satellite system providers such as GPS, GALILEO,GLONASS and BeiDOU has developed good satellite networks and increased numbers of available satellites for observation that improve absolute position accuracy. CHC i70 is among the best selling GNSS model on the market right now. The receiver can receive signal from GPS,GALILEO,GLONASS and BeiDOU simultaneously. This study will outline and focus on the capability of the RTK-Based method (30 second to 1 minute observation period) using CHC i70 instrument in high-precision measurement work. The research was done using the GPS calibration test site at Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah (POLISAS) and was also practiced in the actual work for establishment of Temporary Bench Mark (TBM) along Jalan Melor to Ketereh, Kelantan. The result of the study found that RTK-Based method can meet the precision work that is permitted under 2cm accuracy. Studies show that the method of using RTK-Based is suitable for high precision work and improve the measurement time and work duration at field.
Using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS In Staking Out of Highway
Staking out of batter pegs and alignments constitutes an important part of highway construction projects. When classical terrestrial surveying methods are used in staking out of highway construction projects one can meet with some difficulties such as lack of sight between two control points, inaccessible angle points and loss of time. RTK GPS (Real Time Kinematic GPS) surveying method has some advantages over classical geodetic surveying methods in that RTK GPS does not need sight between control points. Further more, RTK GPS can be managed by only one person and whole staking out process can be carried out by using only one reference point, depending on the quality of the radio transmitter and the distance between the points and reference station. Today, RTK GPS surveying method offers fast and precise positioning in staking out process. One can stake out a point or determine the coordinates of a point in centimeter accuracy by using RTK GPS. In this article, advantages of the RTK GPS, working principal of the system, and software, hardware and equipment requirements for the system are given in detail. In addition, applicability and use of the system in road projects were examined in a road project at Karadeniz Technical University campus.
Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, 2018
There are some limitations when using the GPS RTK technique such as: the limited distance for the radio transmitter; the need for base receiver; and the dependence on only one-base point to calculate the corrections. On the other hand, Virtual Reference Station VRS is an imaginary, unoccupied reference station which is only a few meters from the RTK user. The principle is to interpolate the data of several Continuous Operating Reference Station CORS in order to obtain the correction data for the rovers, which reduces the systematic influences of the RTK measurement decisively; and allowing distance between the reference station and the rover to be increased; in addition to the reliability of the system is heightened. This paper aims to comparing the X, Y and Z coordinates resulted from VRS network with the resulted coordinates for the same points resulted from RTK technique. The results supported with statistical analysis showed that horizontal positional discrepancy P between the two techniques has a mean value of 52 mm with 18 mm standard 2d deviation, while the spatial positional discrepancy P has a mean value of 67 mm with standard deviation 3d 23 mm. These findings are considered to be insignificant in the daily work of cadastral and topographic survey work, but should be taken into account for the precise surveying such as monitoring of structure deformation when combining the two techniques in the measurements.
Performance and Accuracy Comparisons of GPS and Total Station in Land Surveying
ASABE Annual International …, 2006
Accuracies of Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning (RTK-GPS) system and Total Station (TS) were investigated in GIS environment. In geostatistical evaluations, Kriging method was used with spherical, exponential, and Gaussian models. The survey results demonstrated that an area of 3.5 ha or smaller can be best explained with Gaussian model, while the larger areas require a spherical model. A vertical error of 60 cm and a horizontal error of 30 cm can be observed when the survey points outside the construction area are eliminated. The optimum area per survey point was calculated to be 20×20 m 2 to increase the accuracy. This case study showed that an inaccurate survey can result cost over estimations up to 27%.
Experience of Using Total Station and GNSS Technologies for Tall Building Construction Monitoring
2017
In prevalent engineering practice, geodetic measurement techniques are commonly applied for structural monitoring. For a long time, triangulation, trilateration and levelling techniques have been trusted for the determination of structural deformation and point displacement, with excellent outcomes. With the advent of robotic total stations, the three-dimensional topographic measurement method has been proposed as an efficient and rapid measurement option for the determination of 3D coordinates. In addition, the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) technology improvements, mainly in the RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) measurement mode, opened a new perspective for monitoring, which has also shown consistent results. However, there are some situations where the use of total station or GNSS technology individually is not enough to perform the monitoring. The solution may then be the combination of both technologies. In this paper, we present the details of two proposed measurement meth...
USE OF GPS FOR URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Urban Infrastructure plays vital role in the development of nation. Infrastructure investment is expected to increase 300 percent in the next five years, so attention should be paid to develop infrastructure most effectively and efficiently. This is one of the most challenging tasks. Looking at the present scenario and to meet the demand of the market, coming urban infrastructure projects and projects already undertaken should be completed within a short period of time. It is next to impossible to meet the market demand with old age technology. Advanced technology must be implemented for the development of urban infrastructure. The goal of any infrastructure project is to meet required level of service in most cost effective manner. For any civil infrastructure; data and its derivatives must be valuable, effective, reliable, but time and cost effective. Global Position System (GPS) is one of the most proficient methods for data collection. The GPS is satellite based navigation and surveying system for determination of precise position and time, using radio signals from satellites, in real time or post processing mode. It is one of the most widely used space geodetic techniques in surveying. GPS is being used all over the world for numerous applications including navigation on land, in air and on sea, earth quake studies, land slide monitoring, deformation studies, vehicle guidance including development of urban infrastructure. GPS offers advantages over conventional methods because it is highly competitive in geodetic fields, it is likely to replace most of the techniques currently in use for determining precise positions of point more than few tens of km apart. GPS gives position accuracy from meter level to mm level, depending upon the types of receiver used. Indian Institute of technology Bombay (IITB) has under taken few projects under the guidance of second author, which could be useful for infrastructure development. Two case studies on how GPS can be used effectively for urban infrastructure development will be discussed in this present paper. The results of both the case studies will be highlighted.