Application of a Superconducting Fault Current Limiter to Enhance the Low-Voltage Ride-Through Capability of Wind Turbine Generators (original) (raw)
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Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2017
The wind turbine generation system (WTGS) is one of the representative renewable energy systems. With the rapid development of WTGS and its increased capacity, the level of short circuit current will increase in distribution systems. The application of the Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), would not only reduce the level of the short circuit current but also offer a reliable interconnection to the network. The transformer-type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is one of the fault current limiters, and has many advantages such as design flexibility. In this paper, the effect of transformer-type SFCL on transient behavior of grid connected to WTGS is studied. The WTGS is considered as a fixed-speed system, equipped with a squirrel-cage induction generator. The drive-train is represented by two-mass model. The simulation results show that the transformer-type SFCL not only limits the fault current but also can improve the dynamic performance of the WTGS.
A SUPER CONDUCTOR FAULT CURRENT LIMITER FOR GRID CONNECTED WIND ENERGY SYSTEM
TJPRC, 2013
A superconducting fault current limiter is a device that uses superconductors to instantaneously limit or reduce unanticipated electrical surges that may occur on utility distribution and transmission networks. When an unplanned event, such as lightning or downed power lines, occurs, a large surge of power can be sent through the grid resulting in a fault. Serious faults can generate surge currents more than one hundred times the normal operating currents. These faults can result in damage to expensive grid-connected equipment. SFCL's eliminate or greatly reduce the financial burden on the utilities by reducing the wear on circuit breakers and protecting other expensive equipment. Utilities can reduce or eliminate the cost of circuit breakers and fuses by installing SFCL. At the same time, these allow utilities to avoid or delay upgrading existing circuit breakers and electrical substations to handle ever higher electrical surges. Fault currents in transformers, for instance, can run 10-20 times the steady state design current. SFCL can reduce these fault currents to levels not exceeding 3-5 times the steady state current, protecting and extending the life of transformers and associated utility equipment. As for a dispersed energy resource, 10 MVA wind farm was considered for the simulation. Three phase faults have been simulated at different locations in smart grid and the effect of the SFCL and its location on the wind farm fault current was evaluated. Two wind farms were considered and their performance is also evaluated. Consequently, the optimum arrangement of the SFCL location in Smart Grid with renewable resources has been proposed and its remarkable performance has been suggested
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2013
Wind power generation is growing rapidly. However, maintaining the wind turbine connection to grid is a real challenge. Recent grid codes require wind turbines to maintain connected to the grid even during fault conditions which increases concerns about its sensitivity to external faults. So, researchers have given attention to investigating the impact of various external faults, and grid disturbances such as voltage sag and short circuit faults, on the fault ride through (FRT) capability of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). However, no attention has been given to the impact of internal faults on the dynamic performance of the machine when the fault occurs within the voltage source converters (VSCs) that interface the DFIG with the grid. This paper investigates the impact of the rotor side converter (RSC) IGBT flashover fault on the common coupling (PCC) reactive power and the FRT capability of the DFIG. A proper STATCOM controller to mitigate the effects of the flashover fault on the FRT is proposed. The DFIG compliance with numerous and recently released FRT grid codes under the studied fault, with and without the STATCOM are examined and compared. Furthermore, the capability of a proposed controller to bring the voltage profile at the point of PCC to the nominal steady-state level; maintain the unity power factor operation; and, maintain the connection of the wind turbine to the grid are examined.
Enhancement of power system transient stability using superconducting fault current limiters
IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity, 1999
|Transient stability investigations consist in studying the rotor oscillations of generators electro-mechanic oscillations, 0.1-2 Hz followed by a fault of large amplitude, e.g. short circuit. The goal is to indicate if the generators are capable to stay synchronous after a fault has occurred. The fault duration is one of the most important factors to be given an answer. In fact, the shorter the fault, the more the maintaining of synchronisation can be guaranteed. Now in case of a fault, a fault current limiter has an extremely fast current transition in comparison with electro-mechanic time constants. This implies a quasi-instantaneous elimination of the fault through a limitation of the current and consequently a better ability to maintain the synchronisation of the system. We recall, in a classic system the elimination of a fault, by opening a circuit breaker, is carried out in two o r three cycles in the best case. We have here studied a simple, radial electric network con guration with a machine and an in nite network. The study covers simulations of di erent faults that can occur in a network and the consequences of the recovery time of the fault current limiter.
Location of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters for the Smart Grid with 30 MVA wind farm
2013
A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital technology to control appliances at consumers' homes to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability and transparency. It improves the power quality of the grid. A fault current limiter is used to superconductors to instantaneously limit or reduce unanticipated electrical surges that may occur on utility distribution and transmission networks. One of the most important application of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) for upcoming smart grid is related to its possible effect on the reduction of abnormal fault current and the suitable location in the micro grids. Due to the grid connection of the micro grids with the current power grids, excessive fault current is a serious problem to be solved for successful implementation of micro grids. Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is innovative electric equipment which has the capability to reduce fault current level within the first cycle of fault current. The first-cycle suppression of fault current by a SFCL results in an increased transient stability of the power system carrying higher power with greater stability. Four scenarios of SFCL's possible locations were analyzed for three different fault occurring points in the power system has been discussed. Here 10 MVA wind farm was considered for the simulation. In this proposed scheme we are considering 30 MVA wind-farms and it is comparing with the 10 MVA Wind farm. Three phase faults have been simulated at different locations in smart grid and the effect of the SFCL and its location on the wind farm fault current and voltage is evaluated.
IJERT-Location of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters for the Smart Grid with 30 MVA wind farm
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2013
https://www.ijert.org/location-of-superconducting-fault-current-limiters-for-the-smart-grid-with-30-mva-wind-farm https://www.ijert.org/research/location-of-superconducting-fault-current-limiters-for-the-smart-grid-with-30-mva-wind-farm-IJERTV2IS100611.pdf A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital technology to control appliances at consumers' homes to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability and transparency. It improves the power quality of the grid. A fault current limiter is used to superconductors to instantaneously limit or reduce unanticipated electrical surges that may occur on utility distribution and transmission networks. One of the most important application of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) for upcoming smart grid is related to its possible effect on the reduction of abnormal fault current and the suitable location in the micro grids. Due to the grid connection of the micro grids with the current power grids, excessive fault current is a serious problem to be solved for successful implementation of micro grids. Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is innovative electric equipment which has the capability to reduce fault current level within the first cycle of fault current. The first-cycle suppression of fault current by a SFCL results in an increased transient stability of the power system carrying higher power with greater stability. Four scenarios of SFCL's possible locations were analyzed for three different fault occurring points in the power system has been discussed. Here 10 MVA wind farm was considered for the simulation. In this proposed scheme we are considering 30 MVA wind-farms and it is comparing with the 10 MVA Wind farm. Three phase faults have been simulated at different locations in smart grid and the effect of the SFCL and its location on the wind farm fault current and voltage is evaluated.
Although the introduction of distributed generation (DG) in a distribution system improves the power quality of power system, it increases the fault current level reducing voltage at point of common-coupling (PCC). Hence, there is a need of improving fault ride-through (FRT) capability to avoid sudden tripping of DG units from the utility grid during voltage sag in a faulty condition. In this paper, the microgrid consists of PV generation system interconnected to main grid and superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSystem environment. To validate the effectiveness of the device in the microgrid, transient analysis without and with SFCL for three phase line to ground fault is performed. Amongst various SFCL devices, resistive type SFCL device is discussed and analyzed in this paper.
Physica C: Superconductivity, 2013
Stable and reliable operation of the power system network is dependent on the dynamic equilibrium between energy production and power demand under large disturbance such as short circuit or important line tripping. This paper investigates the use of combined model based superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) and shunt FACTS Controller (STATCOM) for assessing the transient stability of a power system considering the automatic voltage regulator. The combined model located at a specified branch based on voltage stability index using continuation power flow. The main role of the proposed combined model is to achieve simultaneously a flexible control of reactive power using STATCOM Controller and to reduce fault current using superconducting technology based SFCL. The proposed combined model has been successfully adapted within the transient stability program and applied to enhance the transient power system stability of the WSCC9-Bus system. Critical clearing time (CCT) has been used as an index to evaluate and validate the contribution of the proposed coordinated Controller. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness and perspective of this combined Controller to enhance the dynamic power system performances.
ADBU Journal of Engineering Technology (AJET), 2018
In this paper, the resistive-type superconducting fault current limiter (RT-SFCL) with doubly-fed induction gen¬erator (DFIG) based wind turbine has been proposed to suppress the steady-state and transient fault current at stator side to improve the fault ride through (FRT) capability of the system. This fault current limiter utilizing the superconductor dc coil so there is not any power loss during both normal as well as faulty operation of system. The analytical analysis has been also presented. The simulation results of a 0.9 MW/0.69 kV, the DFIG-based wind turbine are obtained with and without proposed RT-SFCL using PSCAD/EMTDC software. Finally, it observed that the voltage sag at the generator terminal and consumption of reactive power from the grid has been reduced during symmetrical fault