The Chronicle Of The First World War And Its Impact On The Balkans (original) (raw)
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Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2013
The Balkan Wars of the 1912-1913 are the most important event in the history of the Balkan people and beyond. They are composed of a series sharp and bloody conflicts that swept Eastern Europe in the recent years. During the First Balkan War, the Ottoman Empire fought the united alliance of the Balkan states which included Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia. During the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria fought the coalition of Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania and the Ottoman Empire. If we talk about the origins of the war, we must emphasize that the situation of the Balkan wars at the time and especially the situation that followed, was very alike to the conditions that existed before the Turks came to Europe. At that time, both during and after the Balkan Wars, the Christian states constantly fought against each other for hegemony in the peninsula. But in terms of international relations of the time it should be noted that since the end of XVIIIth century Paris, London, Vienna and St. Petersburg had a special operational plan for dealing with the problems in the East. For the more serious and real judgment we should also see the impact and performance of the situations and events in the Balkans, with the new changes in the geopolitics of the European continent, at least since the early nineteenth century and the credit for this goes to the European Concert (1815).
Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın Tarihi ve Balkanlar’a Etkisi
Gazi Akademik Bakıs, 2014
The process of the two Balkan Wars (1912-1913) remained incomplete until the First World War started. The aim of this study is to give some informations about The First World War and the role that Balkan region played to this war when the national consciousness of Balkan peoples began to crystallize. After the two Balkan Wars, all the Balkan states continued their efforts to gather their co-nationals into their national states. It's concluded that the Balkan Wars leaded to the internationalization of this crisis spreading it to an ample area while many other crises at the same region were resolved without a general war in Europe. It appears that the First World War that began in 1914 in the Balkan region was a continuation of the wars that started in 1912-1913 period in the same are.
2011
On more than one occasion Otto von Bismarck said that the whole of the Balkans was not worth the bones of a single Pomeranian grenadier. On this he was not vindicated by history: a conflict that began in the Balkans in summer 1914 would eventually cost Europe far more than that. Historians of the First World War can hardly afford to be as casually dismissive about this region as the Iron Chancellor. The Balkans were undoubtedly of lesser importance to the outcome of the war than the Western or even Eastern fronts, but they are nevertheless essential for understanding the ‘bigger picture’ of the First World War. The war in the Balkans has not been neglected by historians working on the region, but linguistic barriers have hampered its inclusion in historical discussions and debates about the First World War. For this reason the five titles reviewed in this
The aim of this paper is to analyze the shaping of the civil society in the Principality of Serbia while liberating itself from the feudal influence of the Ottoman Empire. The paper is going to examine the way the breakdown of the Ottoman Empire and the situation leading to Balkan Alliance and later Balkan wars influenced Serbian society. The paper is also emphasizing the evolvement of the Serbian intellectual elite and outlining both the decrease of the Ottoman influence and the modernization of the Serbian society.
Impacts of the Balkan Wars: The Uncharted Paths from Empire to Nation-State
War and Nationalism: The Balkan Wars 1912-1913 and their Sociopolitical Implications, 2013
(Includes Introduction authored by Blumi and Yavuz to the larger volume) War and Nationalism presents thorough up-to-date scholarship on the often misunderstood and neglected Balkan Wars of 1912 to 1913, which contributed to the outbreak of World War I. The wars represented a pivotal moment that had a long-lasting impact on the regional state system and fundamentally transformed the beleaguered Ottoman Empire in the process. This chapter invariably also suffers from this methodological weakness in that it too mobilizes a narrow selection of events (at the expense of excluding others) in order to suggest possible interpretations of so-called origins and enduring legacies of the 1912–13 Balkan Wars. A major impediment to analyzing the disparate events identified as contributing to the Balkan Wars’ long-term consequences is in some part the result of focusing on specific administrative zones — the mountainous borderlands of Kosova, İşkodra, Serbia, and Montenegro known here as the Malësi e Madhe — without fully engaging seemingly peripheral events beyond these locales.
...The centennial of the First and Second Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913 is fast approaching; yet they remain, even today, scantily researched and little-understood conflicts. Aside from Professor Richard C. Hall’s splendid groundbreaking work The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913 it is impossible to find a comprehensive single-volume history in English of the diplomatic and military history of these wars. Nevertheless, the battles of these wars were the largest fought in Europe between 1870 and 1914.
Although chronologically Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 represented the first wars in Europe in 20 th century, actually, they were the last war of previous epoch. As in other conflicts from the 19 th century overall situation became clear in a couple of months after several decisive battles followed by an armistice and subsequent peace agreements between belligerents. Wars that followed, however, proved to be long, exhausting, with enormous causalities and destruction. As for the Balkans, the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 continued to be present in all following conflicts. It seemed that they actually never have been concluded or that they just waited a new opportunity to step out from their own hibernation. In Serbia the general attitude towards their significance and legacy depended on state and ideological context in which Serbia has dwelled meanwhile. Main purpose of this paper is to present history of research and interpretations of Balkan Wars 1912-1913 in Serbia (Yugoslavia) as well to point out some understudied areas, possible new approaches and existing misinterpretations or misuses.
"– Road to Great War – Serbian Intellectuals and Austro-Hungarian Policy in the Balkans (1894–1914)"
"– Road to Great War – Serbian Intellectuals and Austro-Hungarian Policy in the Balkans (1894–1914)", Serbian Political Thought, № 1 (2014), 67–89. ISSN: 1450–5460. Abstract The generation of Serbian Intellectuals who were active in the political and public life of Serbia at the turn of 19th and 20th century were considering problems of maintaining the attained independence of Serbia, a search for reliable support in foreign policy, integration of the nation and further economic, social, and cultural development. In the Europe characterized with complex relationships between the great powers, ambitious imperialist plans, instability and conflicts which were leading to the Great War (1914–1918), the Serbian intelligentsia, prevailingly educated in European university centers, was striving to find ways of accomplishing the idea of liberation and unification. The change of orientation in Serbian foreign policy, which began in the last decade of 19th century and was definitely confirmed with the raise of the Karadjordjević Dynasty to the Serbian throne (1903), was a manifestation of the need of Serbian politicians and intellectuals to facilitate liberation from economic dependence, development of the state and the national idea, by edging away from the reliance on Austria-Hungary. From the Congress of Berlin (1878), via the Customs War (1906–1911), the Annexation Crisis (1908) and the Balkan Wars (1912–1913), the interest of Serbian intellectuals in the policy of Austria-Hungary in the Balkans was growing and intermingling with issues of the overall further development of Serbia. The aim of this paper is to shed a light onto the origins and development of the interest and the thinking of Serbian intellectuals regarding the policy and interests of Austria-Hungary in the Balkans in the period which immediately preceded World War I. The attitudes and thoughts of Serbian intellectuals which were published in periodicals (the Serbian Literary Gazette /Srpski književni glasnik/ and the Work /Delo/), press, brochures and books, are viewed in the context of Austro-Hungarian imperial thrust into the Balkans, which started with the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and was definitely confirmed with the act of annexation and war plans. The efforts of Austria-Hungary to control the entire Balkans and occupy its central areas have also been studied in light of the confrontation between the two blocs of European powers, perception of the place of the Serbs and Serbia in the complicated international relations of the time, as well as in light of development of the Yugoslav idea, which was present among Serbian intellectuals prior to World War I. Keywords: Serbian intellectuals, Serbia, Austria-Hungary, the Balkans, the late 19th and early 20th century, the Great War (1914–1918).
Between Facts and Interpretations: Three Images of the Balkan Wars of 1912-13
2016
A century after the Balkan Wars of 1912- 13 there is a widely held opinion that they represent an important moment and subject in the political history of the Balkan states. This paper does not seek to establish more "reliable" facts about the events on the battlefield and elsewhere, to argue for the “objective” truth about the "real" causes of war. Instead, it deals with the question, which is more relevant now than ever of how and why these wars have become a symbolic representation of the region. There are many points that can be discussed: for instance, the supposed continuation of legacies of the past into the p resent; the ways in which specific accounts of atrocities are interpreted; the ways in which these war have become the benchmark for "Balkanization" in the modern world; the degree to which Western observers have equated these wars with the civilizational characteristics of the region; and, last but not least, the relationship between war c...