12 On the Origin of Elementary Particle Masses (original) (raw)
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On the Origin of Elementary Particle Masses
The oldest enigma in fundamental particle physics is: Where do the observed masses of elementary particles come from? Inspired by observation of the empirical particle mass spectrum we propose that the masses of elementary particles arise solely due to the self-interaction of the fields associated with a particle. We thus assume that the mass is proportional to the strength of the interaction of the field with itself. A simple application of this idea to the fermions is seen to yield a mass for the neutrino in line with constraints from direct experimental upper limits and correct order of magnitude predictions of mass separations between neutrinos, charged leptons and quarks. The neutrino interacts only through the weak force, hence becomes light. The electron interacts also via electromagnetism and accordingly becomes heavier. The quarks also have strong interactions and become heavy. The photon is the only fundamental particle to remain massless, as it is chargeless. Gluons gain ...
Physical Origin of Elementary Particle Masses
Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics
In contemporary particle physics, the masses of fundamental particles are incalculable constants, being supplied by experimental values. Inspired by observation of the empirical particle mass spectrum, and their corresponding physical interaction couplings, we propose that the masses of elementary particles arise solely due to the self-interaction of the fields associated with the charges of a particle. A first application of this idea is seen to yield correct order of magnitude predictions for neutrinos, charged leptons and quarks. We then discuss more ambitious models, where also different generations may arise from \textit{e.g.} self-organizing bifurcations due to the underlying non-linear dynamics, with the coupling strength acting as "non-linearity" parameter. If the model is extended to include gauge bosons, the photon is automatically the only fundamental particle to remain massless as it has no charges. It results that gluons have an effective range sim1\sim 1sim1fm, phy...
On the masses of elementary particles
2011
We make an attempt to describe the spectrum of masses of elementary particles, as it comes out empirically in six distinct scales. We argue for some rather well defined mass scales, like the electron mass; we elaborate on the assumption that there is a minimum mass associated to any electric charge. Another natural mass scale is Λ = Λ QCD coming arbitrarily at quantizing a classically conformal SU(3) c theory. Indeed, some scales of masses will cover also masses of composite particles or mass differences. We extend some plausible arguments for other scales, as binding or self-energy effects of the microscopic forces, plus some speculative uses, here and there, of gravitation. We also consider briefly exotics like supersymmetry and extra dimensions in relation to the mass scale problem, including some mathematical arguments (e.g. triality), which might throw light on the three-generation problem. We also address briefly the issues of dark matter and dark energy. The paper is rather tentative and speculative and does not make many predictions, but it aims to explain some features of the particle spectrum.
Estimations of Neutrino and Graviton Masses by a Phenomenological Mass Relation for Stable Particles
Physics International, 2015
The ratio between the proton and electron masses was shown to be close to the ratio between the shortest lifetimes of particles, decaying by the electromagnetic and strong interactions. The inherent property of each fundamental interaction is defined, namely the Minimal lifetime of the interaction (MLTI). The rest mass of the Lightest free massive stable particle (LFMSP), acted upon by a particular interaction, is shown to be inversely proportional to MLTI. The found mass relation unifies the masses of four stable particles of completely different kinds (proton, electron, electron neutrino and graviton) and covers an extremely wide range of values, exceeding 40 orders of magnitude. On the basis of this mass relation, the electron neutrino and graviton masses have been approximately estimated to 6.5 × 10 −4 eV and H/c 2 ≈ 1.5 × 10 −33 eV, respectively. Besides, the last value has been obtained independently by dimensional analysis by means of three fundamental constants, namely the speed of light in vacuum (c), reduced Planck constant () and Hubble constant (H). It was shown that the rest energy of LFMSP, acted upon by a particular interaction, is close to Breit-Wigner's energy width of the shortest living state, decaying by the respective interaction.
PROCEEDINGS SES 2011 Seventh Scientific Conference with International Participation SPACE, ECOLOGY, SAFETY, 2010
The ratio between the proton and electron masses was shown to be close to the ratio between the shortest lifetimes of particles, decaying by the electromagnetic and strong interactions. The inherent property of each fundamental interaction is defined, namely the Minimal lifetime of the interaction (MLTI). The rest mass of the Lightest free massive stable particle (LFMSP), acted upon by a particular interaction, is shown to be inversely proportional to MLTI. The found mass relation unifies the masses of four stable particles of completely different kinds (proton, electron, electron neutrino and graviton) and covers an extremely wide range of values, exceeding 40 orders of magnitude. On the basis of this mass relation, the electron neutrino and graviton masses have been approximately estimated to 6.5 × 10 −4 eV and H/c 2 ≈ 1.5 × 10 −33 eV, respectively. Besides, the last value has been obtained independently by dimensional analysis by means of three fundamental constants, namely the speed of light in vacuum (c), reduced Planck constant () and Hubble constant (H). It was shown that the rest energy of LFMSP, acted upon by a particular interaction, is close to Breit-Wigner's energy width of the shortest living state, decaying by the respective interaction.
Physical vacuum as the source of the standard model particle masses
Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics
We present an approach of mass generation for Standard Model particles in which fermions acquire masses from their interactions with physical vacuum and gauge bosons acquire masses from charge fluctuations of vacuum. A remarkable fact of this approach is that left-handed neutrinos are massive because they have a weak charge. We obtain consistently masses of electroweak gauge bosons in terms of fermion masses and running coupling constants of strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions. On the last part of this work we focus our interest to present some consequences of this approach as for instance we first show a restriction about the possible number of fermion families. Next we establish a prediction for top quark mass and finally fix the highest limit for the summing of the square of neutrino masses.
Formation of Complex Matter Structures and Mutual Relations Between the Mass of Elementary Particles
2001
The model of Expansive Nondecelerative Universe leads to a conclusion stating that at the end of radiation era the Jeans mass was equal to the upper mass limit of a black hole and, at the same time, the effective gravitational range of nucleons was identical to their Compton wavelength. At that time nucleons started to exert gravitational impact on their environment which enabled to large scale structures become formed. Moreover, it is shown that there is a deep relationships between the inertial mass of various leptons and bosons and that such relations can be extended also into the realm of other kinds of elementary particles.
Research Square, 2024
Probability, as manifested through entropy, is presented in this study as one of the most fundamental components of physical reality. It is demonstrated that the quantization of probability allows for the introduction of the mass phenomenon. In simple terms, gaps in probability impose resistance to change in movement, which observers experience as inertial mass. The model presented in the paper builds on two probability fields that are allowed to interact. The resultant probability distribution is quantized, producing discrete probability levels. Finally, a formula is developed that correlates the gaps in probability levels with physical mass. The model allows for the estimation of quark masses. The masses of the proton and neutron are arrived at with an error of 0.02%. The masses of sigma baryons are calculated with an error between 0.007% and 0.2%. The W-boson mass is calculated with an error of 1.3%. The model explains why proton is stable while other baryons are not.
Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Elementary Particles and Forces
2011
Patterns link properties of six quarks and three leptons, the set of fundamental forces, and possible properties of dark matter and dark energy. -Page 2 of 41 possible "charges" (matter and anti-matter) and two possible "parities" (left-handed and righthanded) associated with CPT symmetry. Baryonic matter falls into the "matter plus left-handed" branch. Baryonic matter does not easily detect "stuff" associated with the other three branches. Traversing realm s3/gr leads to a four-fold separation into the four super-ensembles. Baryonic matter falls into the "baryonic-matter plus dark-matter" super-ensemble. Baryonic matter does not easily detect gravitons from the other three super-ensembles. Traversing realm em/gr leads to a six-fold separation into ensembles. Baryonic matter does not easily detect photons from other ensembles. Traversing realm wk/em involves no split. Spin becomes a key property. Traversing realm st/wk, one finds that the strong interaction pertains to quarks but not to leptons. The basic mass interaction enables the s4 and gr interactions to scale from elementary particles to atoms to astrophysical objects. The basic charge interaction enables the s3 and em interactions to scale from elementary particles to atoms to astrophysical objects. (Section 7)