Advances in Tissue Engineering Approaches for Craniomaxillofacial Bone Reconstruction (original) (raw)
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Tissue engineering scaffolds for the regeneration of craniofacial bone
Journal (Canadian Dental Association), 2009
Current strategies for skeletal regeneration involve the use of autogenous and allogenic bone grafts that may not always be available or safe to use. One alternative is to develop materials for use as scaffolds for the tissue engineering of bone. We created architecturally nanofibrous scaffolds using the electrospinning technique. These calcium phosphate- based materials are porous, have a large surface-area-to-volume ratio and can be used to deliver drugs, biologics or cells for tissue engineering applications. Bone-matrix proteins were also conjugated to the surface of a polymer network of polycaprolactone and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) to create a material with enhanced cellular responses. This biomimetic strategy resulted in favourable cell-surface interactions that will likely enhance bone-matrix synthesis and regeneration. These collective advancements enable the development of innovative scaffolds for applications in tissue engineering and bone regeneration.
Biomaterials for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration
Dental Clinics of North America, 2017
Functional reconstruction of craniofacial defects is a major clinical challenge in craniofacial sciences, especially in complex situations involving traumatic injury, cranioplasty and oncologic surgery. The advent of biomaterials has been viewed as a potential alternative to standard autologous/allogenic grafting procedures to achieve clinically successful bone regeneration. Over the years, the field of biomaterials for bone augmentation has swiftly advanced to create novel instructive materials and engineering technologies, emerging as an important therapeutic modality for craniofacial regeneration. This chapter discusses various classes of biomaterials, ranging from bioceramics to biopolymers that are currently employed in craniofacial reconstruction. Further, here we review the clinical applications of biomaterials as delivery agents for the sustained release of stem cells, genes and growth factors. Additionally, we cover recent advancements in 3D printing and bioprinting techniques that appear to be promising for future clinical treatments for craniofacial reconstruction. In summary, the present review highlights relevant topics in the bone regeneration literature exemplifying the potential of biomaterials to repair bone defects.
Current Concepts of Bone Tissue Engineering for Craniofacial Bone Defect Repair
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction, 2014
Craniofacial fractures and bony defects are common causes of morbidity and contribute to increasing health care costs. Successful regeneration of bone requires the concomitant processes of osteogenesis and neovascularization. Current methods of repair and reconstruction include rigid fixation, grafting, and free tissue transfer. However, these methods carry innate complications, including plate extrusion, nonunion, graft/flap failure, and donor site morbidity. Recent research efforts have focused on using stem cells and synthetic scaffolds to heal critical-sized bone defects similar to those sustained from traumatic injury or ablative oncologic surgery. Growth factors can be used to augment both osteogenesis and neovascularization across these defects. Many different growth factor delivery techniques and scaffold compositions have been explored yet none have emerged as the universally accepted standard. In this review, we will discuss the recent literature regarding the use of stem ...
Engineering craniofacial scaffolds
Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research, 2005
Objective -To develop an integrated approach for engineering craniofacial scaffolds and to demonstrate that these engineered scaffolds would have mechanical properties in the range of craniofacial tissue and support bone regeneration for craniofacial reconstruction.
The Potential of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration for Craniofacial Bone
Dentistry, 2012
Bone regeneration is a complex, well-coordinated physiological process. Large quantities of bone regeneration are often required for craniofacial skeletal reconstruction of large bone defects created by trauma, tumor resection, infection, and skeletal abnormalities. Over the last two decades, a tissue engineering and regeneration approach has been developed as an alternative to conventional surgical treatments using bone grafts. Tissue engineering methods have several advantages including the potential to regenerate bone with natural form and function. This review presents several key elements of tissue engineering for craniofacial bone: the signaling molecules (proteins and genes); scaffolds or supporting matrices; and cells. Furthermore, the advantages, challenges, and risks related with each element will be discussed.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
Background and Aims: To review the regenerative technologies used in bone regeneration: bone grafts, barrier membranes, bioactive factors and cell therapies. Material and Methods: Four background review publications served to elaborate this consensus report. Results and Conclusions: Biomaterials used as bone grafts must meet specific requirements: biocompatibility, porosity, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, surface properties, biodegradability, mechanical properties, angiogenicity, handling and manufacturing processes. Currently used biomaterials have demonstrated advantages and limitations based on the fulfilment of these requirements. Similarly, membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) must fulfil specific properties and | 83 SANZ et Al. How to cite this article: Sanz M, Dahlin C, Apatzidou D, et al. Biomaterials and regenerative technologies used in bone regeneration in the craniomaxillofacial region: Consensus report of group 2 of the 15th European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration.
Tissue engineering of bone: search for a better scaffold
Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research, 2005
Structured Abstract Authors -Mastrogiacomo M, Muraglia A, Komlev V, Peyrin F, Rustichelli F, Crovace A, Cancedda R Background -Large bone defects still represent a major problem in orthopedics. Traditional bone-repair treatments can be divided into two groups: the bone transport (Ilizarov technology) and the graft transplant (autologous or allogeneic bone grafts). Thus far, none of these strategies have proven to be always resolving. As an alternative, a tissue engineering approach has been proposed where osteogenic cells, bioceramic scaffolds, growth factors and physical forces concur to the bone defect repair. Different sources of osteoprogenitor cells have been suggested, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) being in most cases the first choice. Methods and Results -In association with mineral tridimensional scaffolds, BMSC form a primary bone tissue which is highly vascularized and colonized by host hemopoietic marrow. The chemical composition of the scaffold is crucial for the osteoconductive properties and the resorbability of the material. In addition, scaffolds should have an internal structure permissive for vascular invasion. Porous bioceramics [hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate] are osteoconductive and are particularly advantageous for bone tissue engineering application as they induce neither an immune nor an inflammatory response in the implanted host.
Craniomaxillofacial Bone Engineering by Scaffolds Loaded with Stem Cells: A Systematic Review
Journal of Dental School, 2012
Objective: The concept of tissue engineering holds huge promise for thefuture treatment of osseous defects. For bone tissue engineering, stem cells are applied on supporting scaffolds under controlled stimulation with growth factors. Scaffolds are provisional matrices for bone growth providing a specific environment for tissue development and favoring cellular attachment, growth and differentiation. To date, ceramics, polymers, and composite scaffolds have been widely used for bone tissue engineering in various in-vitro and ...
Journal of functional biomaterials, 2018
The current gold standard treatment for oral clefts is autologous bone grafting. This treatment, however, presents another wound site for the patient, greater discomfort, and pediatric patients have less bone mass for bone grafting. A potential alternative treatment is the use of tissue engineered scaffolds. Hydrogels are well characterized nanoporous scaffolds and cryogels are mechanically durable, macroporous, sponge-like scaffolds. However, there has been limited research on these scaffolds for cleft craniofacial defects. 3D-printed molds can be combined with cryogel/hydrogel fabrication to create patient-specific tissue engineered scaffolds. By combining 3D-printing technology and scaffold fabrication, we were able to create scaffolds with the geometry of three cleft craniofacial defects. The scaffolds were then characterized to assess the effect of the mold on their physical properties. While the scaffolds were able to completely fill the mold, creating the desired geometry, th...
Dental clinics of North America, 2006
Tissue engineering is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interactions between cells, growth factors, and scaffolds to produce replacement tissue and organs. Recent developments in tissue engineering technology include refinements in isolation and differentiation of progenitor cells, 3-D printing technology to produce scaffolds, new biomaterials for scaffolds, and growth factor delivery systems. The purpose of this article is to review advances in biomaterials, scaffolds, and implant coatings for craniomaxillofacial (bone) tissue engineering.