Effectiveness of Aerobic Training Program on Cardiorespiratory Endurance among Individuals with Down Syndrome (original) (raw)
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The study aimed to determine the influence of 12-week training on aerobic capacity and spirometric respiratory functions in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Twenty male individuals (mean=14.86±7.07yrs.) participated to this study. Subject assessments included physical parameters, aerobic capacity and respiratory function tests. According to the pre-training and post-training values, there was a significant differences between Weight, BMI, Percent body fat-PBF %, Mass body fat-MBF kg, Soft lean mass-SLM kg, Waist/hip-WHR parameters (p<0.05). Also it was seen significant differences statistically in VO max, FVC, FEV , PEF, 2 1 FEV /FVC, FEF MVV values (p<0.05). The analysis of data (SPSS Inc, USA) was performed by using 1 25-75, Wilcoxon Signed-Ranked Test. The significance of the changes observed was ascertained at level of p<0.05. The results that support the use of training programs for adolescents with DS have low physical fitness level, aerobic capacity and poor lung functions. Sedentary lifestyle and low physical work capacity are factors that may explain low physical and cardiorespiratory fitness.
2015
Purpose: This study examines the influence of aerobic exercise intervention on obesity, lipid profile and hemodynamic adaptations in individuals with intellectual disability with the Down Syndrome (DS) or without the Down Syndrome (NDS). Methods: Forty six institutionalized individuals (n=46), aged 36.02±8.50 yrs, were divided into three groups: DS (n=14), NDS (n=22) and control (n=10). Measurements on anthropometric characteristics (body mass, BMI, percent body fat, waist circumference), plasma blood lipids (TGs: triglycerides, TC: total cholesterol, HDLC, LDL-C) and blood pressure (systolic, diastolic) were obtained before and after a 12-week aerobic training program. Mean arterial pressure and cardiac index were determined using specific equations. Results: Significant health-related adaptations were observed after a 12-week intervention on anthropometric characteristics in both training groups (DS and NDS; body mass: 1.76 and -2.5%; BMI: -1.76 and -2.63%; waist circumference: -4...
Journal of Sports Science, 2017
BACKGROUND: Persons with Down syndrome (DS) typically possess low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), engage in low levels of physical activity (PA), and display elevated obesity levels, but the association between these variables is not clear in persons with DS. METHOD: We investigated the relationships among measures of CRF, PA, and body composition in 30 young adults with DS (age: 21.3 ± 5.5 years) using a cross-sectional study design. RESULTS: Male participants presented on average with a BMI of 32.9 ± 10.0 kg/m 2 , a percent body fat of 22.2 ± 13.0%, and a six-minute walk distance (6MWD) of 411.7 ± 66.3 m. Female participants presented on average with a BMI of 31.6 ± 13.5 kg/m 2 , a percent body fat of 26.7 ± 15.1%, and a six-minute walk distance (6MWD) of 360.4 ± 91.2 m. 6MWD shared a positive relationship with leisure time physical activity levels (r = 0.56, β = 1.488) and a negative relationship with body mass index (BMI; r =-0.49, β =-2.561). No relationship between body composition and PA was found. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that higher PA levels and lower BMI relate to better CRF in young adults with DS. Physical activity and body composition appear to be unrelated in persons with DS.
Cardiorespiratory Coordination During Exercise in Adults With Down Syndrome
Frontiers in Physiology, 2021
Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal disorder affecting simultaneously cardiovascular and respiratory systems. There is no research studying the coupling between these systems during cardiorespiratory exercise testing in a population with DS. Cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC), evaluated through principal component analysis (PCA), measures the covariation of cardiorespiratory variables during exercise. Objective: To investigate and compare CRC in adults with and without DS during maximal cardiorespiratory exercise testing. Methods: Fifteen adults with DS and 15 adults without disabilities performed a maximal cardiorespiratory exercise test on a treadmill. First, the slope, and afterward the velocity was increased regularly until participants reached exhaustion. The time series of six selected cardiorespiratory variables [ventilation per minute, an expired fraction of O 2 , the expired fraction of CO 2 , heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] were extracted for the analysis. The number of principal components (PCs), the first PC eigenvalues (PC 1), and the information entropy were computed for each group (non-DS and DS) and compared using a t-test or a Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Two PCs in the non-DS group and three PCs in the DS group captured the variance of the studied cardiorespiratory variables. The formation of an additional PC in the DS group was the result of the shift of SBP and DBP from the PC 1 cluster of variables. Eigenvalues of PC 1 were higher in the non-DS (U = 30; p = 0.02; d = 1.47) than in the DS group, and the entropy measure was higher in the DS compared with the non-DS group (U = 37.5; p = 0.008; d = 0.70). Conclusion: Adults with Down syndrome showed higher CRC dimensionality and a higher entropy measure than participants without disabilities. Both findings point toward a lower efficiency of the cardiorespiratory function during exercise in participants with DS. CRC appears as an alternative measure to investigate the cardiorespiratory function and its response to exercise in the DS population.
Improvements in Physical Fitness in Adults With Down Syndrome
American Journal on Mental Retardation, 2004
The effectiveness of an exercise training program for 52 adults with Down syndrome (M age ϭ 39.4 years) was evaluated. The training program consisted of cardiovascular (30 minutes) and strength exercise (15 minutes) for 12 weeks, 3 days a week for 45-minutes per session. Compared to control subjects, the training group improved significantly in cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength and endurance and had a slight but significant reduction in body weight. Greater effort must be made to promote increases in physical activity participation among persons with Down syndrome and developmental disabilities in order to reduce the potential health risks associated with low fitness and sedentary behavior.
The health benefits of exercise therapy for patients with Down syndrome: A systematic review
African Journal of Disability, 2019
Background: Many patients with Down syndrome (PWDS) have poor cardiometabolic risk profiles, aerobic capacities and weak hypotonic muscles, primarily because of physical inactivity and poor diet.Objectives: This study discusses the benefits of exercise therapy on body composition, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, proprioception and cardiometabolic profiles of PWDS.Methods: A literature review using the Crossref metadatabase, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), focusing on the period 2007-2018, was undertaken. Each record was judged adopting the modified Downs and Black Appraisal Scale. The literature investigation identified 15 701 records. Records were excluded if they were published before 2007, pertained to the impact of exercise on intellectual disabilities beyond Down syndrome or the impact of medical, pharmaceutical, nutrition and psychological interventions among PWDS and were published in languages besides English. Ninetee...
Children and adolescents with Down syndrome, physical fitness and physical activity
Children (5e12 years) and adolescents (13e19 years) with Down syndrome (DS) possess a set of health, anatomical, physiological, cognitive, and psycho-social attributes predisposing them to limitations on their physical fitness and physical activity (PA) capacities. The paucity of studies and their conflicting findings prevent a clear understanding and/or substantiation of these limitations. The purpose of this article was to review the measurement, determinants and promotion of physical fitness and PA for youth (i.e., children and adolescents) with DS. The existing body of research indicates that youth with DS: 1) have low cardiovascular and muscular fitness/exercise capacity; 2) demonstrate a greater prevalence of overweight and obesity; 3) a large proportion do not meet the recommended amount of daily aerobic activity; and 4) their PA likely declines through childhood and into adolescence. Future research should focus on: 1) strength testing and training protocols; 2) methodologies to determine PA levels; and 3) practical interventions to increase PA.
Quality physical intervention activity for persons with Down syndrome
TheScientificWorldJournal, 2007
Persons with Down syndrome (DS) are at risk for a life of inactivity that can result in a multitude of medical problems including heart and vascular diseases. This review presents findings regarding the physical status of individuals with DS, as well as proper interventions found to improve the physical fitness and general health for this population. This review was written with the intent to suggest practical directions in planning and implementing quality physical intervention programs for this population.