3D Delineation: A modernisation of drawing methodology for field archaeology (Master's Thesis) (original) (raw)
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Access Archaeology, 2016
A recent trend concerning archaeological research has focused on producing a real-time methodology for 3D digital models as archaeological documentation within the excavation setting. While such methodologies have now firmly been established, what remains is to examine how 3D models can be integrated more fully alongside other forms of archaeological documentation. This work explored one avenue by developing a method that combines the interpretative power of traditional archaeological drawings and the realistic visualisation capacity of 3D digital models. An experiment was initiated during archaeological excavations at Uppåkra, Sweden where photographic data was captured to produce 3D digital models through Photoscan. These models were geospatially located within ESRI’s 3D GIS ArcScene where shapefile editing tools were used to draw overtop of their surfaces in three-dimensions. All drawings closely followed the single context method of drawing, were allotted context numbers, and given descriptive geodatabase attributes. This methodology resulted in the further integration of 3D models alongside other forms of archaeological documentation. The drawings increased the communicative powers of archaeological interpretation by enabling the information to be disseminated in a 3D environment alongside other formats of data that would have otherwise been disconnected in 2D space. Finally, the database attributes permitted the drawings complete integration within the geodatabase, thereby making them available for query and other analytical procedures. Archaeological information is three-dimensional; therefore, archaeologists must begin to approach documentation bearing this in mind. This technique has demonstrated that 3D models are a fluidic form of documentation allowing for accurate preservation of archaeology while enabling new forms of data to be derived all within a limited amount of time. Archaeologists must begin to affect change towards embracing 3D models and their associated applications as a standard tool within the excavator’s toolbox.
2015
The application of 3D digital technologies in the archaeological research expands more and more during the last decades. 3D recording, visualisation, representation and reconstruction of archaeological sites, monuments and artefacts become almost a common trend in the archaeological work. Moreover, CAD reconstructions, 3D simulation, computer animation and other uses of computer systems change the traditional workflow. The archaeological experience, though, recognizes these tools more for the general public in order to offer a visualisation of the target object than as a mechanism that can offer new possibilities for the research itself. The focus of this article is to explore the opportunities given to the research field of archaeology by 3D technologies. Specifically the article will look into technologies regarding the 3D recording, processing, visualisation and representation of archaeological data. Through the use of specific case studies we will investigate how applications ca...
The application of 3D digital technologies in the archaeological research expands more and more during the last decades. 3D recording, visualisation, representation and reconstruction of archaeological sites, monuments and artefacts become almost a common trend in the archaeological work. Moreover, CAD reconstructions , 3D simulation, computer animation and other uses of computer systems change the traditional work-flow. The archaeological experience, though, recognizes these tools more for the general public in order to offer a visualisation of the target object than as a mechanism that can offer new possibilities for the research itself. The focus of this article is to explore the opportunities given to the research field of archaeology by 3D technologies. Specifically the article will look into technologies regarding the 3D recording, processing, visualisa-tion and representation of archaeological data. Through the use of specific case studies we will investigate how applications can contribute to the understanding first and the interpretation later on of a certain archaeological object. Issues such as the types of questions and problems that can be faced and answered with these 3D technologies will be raised and discussed. The possibility to get an expansion of the archaeological research in new aspects, as it happens with other technological tools (e.g. databases), will be also examined. In addition to these, the disadvantages and limitations of the application of these 3D technologies in the archaeological field will be also looked at, in order to accomplish a more complete view of its usage.
GROMA Documenting Archaeology, 2020
Over the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in the fusion of the humanities and the hard sciences. The continuous experimentation and contamination between these two disciplines has led to the emergence of new horizons of research and open to perspectives and issues previously unthinkable. Finally, it has started the development of specific technologies for the cultural domain. Among these technologies, virtual archaeology, which we could define as the set of processes of acquisition, analysis and interpretation aimed at visualizing and simulating the past using 3D digital technologies and a theoretical and multidisciplinary scientific approach, has now reached its maturity. In this contribution the potentials in using 3D modelling as a tool of investigation and visualization for a deeper understanding of archaeological sites is presented. The discussion is supported by the case study of the roman villa of Aiano, built at the beginning of the 4th century A.D. and characterized by monumental architecture and decorations.
The 3 Dimensions of Digitalised Archaeology. State-of-the-Art, Data Management and Current Challenges in Archaeological 3D-Documentation, Springer, Cham, 2024
Although the basics of 3D technologies developed rather early on, only today are we seeing a steep increase in the application of 3D technologies in archaeological practice. This volume aims to give a broad overview of possible applications in the field, but also to open a discussion about the challenges and problematic aspects of this method so far. Only if there is an awareness of the implications and challenges of implementing this new technology in the everyday practice of field and research archaeology can archaeology take full advantage of its possibilities. Keywords 3D technologies in archaeology • Digital archaeology • Digital archiving • Data management • Photogrammetry • 3D scanning in archaeology The application of new methods has had a lasting impact on our research questions, research setups and applied methodology-in short, they have deeply affected our understanding and practice of archaeology. Some of them have been labelled
3D Models in archaeological excavations
2015
3D models have been used in archaeology for more than a hundred years. They allow archaeologists to virtually revisit places that are now lost. 21st century 3D models provide archaeologists with several advantages in comparison to traditional documentation. This paper will be an introduction in modern technologies that are used to create 3D models in modern-day field archaeology, as well as the theoretical implications they have.
3D Models as Vehicles for Archaeological Research: Stratigraphy, Emplacement and Construction
Eblaitica, 2016
and Construction. 3D architectural models are becoming increasingly prevalent in archaeological research, and serve a variety of scholarly needs. They can be placed into two different categories: those models which are ends-in-themselves and those models which are vehicles for further research. Those models which are ends-in-themselves are the conclusion of a research project; examples include a reconstruction of an ancient building, or the placing of the volume of a structure within the urban landscape. These are the majority of models which are seen today -to a large extent because it is exactly that communication which is the goal of many of these models; others use the visual aspect to consider light, perception or visibility. 1 These models are of great use to archaeologists, and have become a fundamental tool in our field.
2012
This thesis investigates the use of digital technology on the border between science and public communication. The author argues for a public archaeology that goes beyond an arranged communication, where only one final truth about the past is presented. Instead arguments are presented for the benefit of letting also non-archaeologists take part of the many ambiguities of archaeological excavations, thus experiencing the process in which knowledge about the past is created. The potentials in using 3D modeling as a way that involve the public in the interpretation process, and at the same time provide researchers with a deeper understanding of the archaeological context is investigated and discussed in this thesis. An experiment of 3D visualization of an archaeological excavation is developed where 3D models representing the excavation area obtained through Computer Vision techniques are combined with modeled 3D geometry representing archaeological interpretations made during and after the excavation. The layout of the models of combined 3D data describes the relation between archaeological features and interpretations of what they represent, which in a communication situation gives the public the chance to follow the reasoning of the archaeologists. From a research perspective, integrating the element of hypothesis visualization in the fieldwork process, provides a deeper understanding of an archaeological context, beneficial for the continuing excavation process. The case study was conducted using a systemized way of accounting for sources and paradata, being the record of the subjective discussions, decisions and choices made that leading to the visualization, thus emphasizing the importance of transparency in virtual heritage.