Factors Influencing Choice of Coping Strategies Among Rural Farmers in Okunland, Kogi State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2015
This study analyzed the coping strategies adopted against the effects of climate change by small scale cassava and yam farmers in Delta State, Nigeria. It examined the socioeconomic characteristics of yam and cassava farmers and identified the various climate change factors that are prevalent in the study area. It also ascertained the coping methods adopted by the farmers in adjusting to the impact of variations in climate and also estimated the effect of the farmer's socioeconomic characteristics on the number of coping methods adopted. 180 respondents made up of 90 cassava farmers and 90 yam farmers were randomly sampled for the study. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that the majority of the farmers (82.8%) fell below the age of 50 years, 71.6% are married and mostly females (66.7%). Majority (53.9%) had post primary education, 33.9% had farming experience of 16-20 years, 53.9% had 1-5 household members and 39.4% had farm size between 0.1-1 hectare. Most of the farmers observed high temperature (81.8%), less rainfall (77.8%) and shorter rainy season (22.2%) as signs of climate change. Four variables including farm size (0.05), farming experience (0.05), education (0.01) and income (0.01) have significant positive effect on the number of strategies adopted. Government policies and programmes should be geared towards addressing imperfections such as access to information and linking farmers with extension services.
2016
Effects of climate change on agricultural production activities have been variously noted as being severe. Nonetheless, production activities must continue and the farmers must have significant income from farming to sustain their livelihood. This study assessed the coping strategies of farmers to climatic changes in Ibarapa local government. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents. Data collected through interview schedule were analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential (Chi-square, PPMC and t-test) statistical tools at p=0.05. Result shows that majority (65.0%) of the respondents were males, married (77.5%) with mean age and household size of 44.7 years. Also, most (86.6%) respondents had both primary and secondary education, had 3.6±0.945 persons, respectively and 54.2% had favourable perception of the effect of climate effect on their crop production activities. Coping strategies mostly used to manage the effects of climate ch...
2020
The study examined factors influencing the choice of climate change adaptation strategies among rural farming households in Lokoja Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria. A total of 115 rural farmers constitute the sample size for this study. Descriptive and relevant inferential statistics such as multivariate probit model were used. The perceived effects of climate change in the study area were erosion/flooding, increase in rainfall, scarce of resources, increase in temperature, and increase in pest and disease infestation. The major adaptation strategies adopted by the farmers in the study area were change in planting date (72.17%), change in harvesting date (67.83%), construction of drainage around homes/farms (67.83%), income diversification (64.35%), and planting cover crops (58.26%). The result of the factors influencing choice of adaptation showed that gender, age, years of farming experience, access to credit, and training on climate change were the factors that influe...
This study focused on strategies that are adopted by crop farmers in coping with climate change in Samaru Agricultural Zone Kaduna state, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Two research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. The population for the study was 3,230 made up of 3,200 registered farmers and 30 extension agents (E.As). Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The instrument was face validated by three experts. Cronbach alpha method was used to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire items which yielded a coefficient of 0.89. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were used for data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that climate change has adversely affected crop production in the area studied. Some of the effects of climate change in the area are reduced crop yield, declining prices of crop produces, increased incidence of flooding; pests and diseases among others. Findings further indicated that some of the coping strategies to climate change employed by crop farmers include planting early maturing and disease resistant crop varieties, irrigation farming, among others. Provision of weather information ahead of time among other measures will help farmers survive.
Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
The study assessed crop farmer households' perceptions of climate change and coping strategies in Kano State of Nigeria. Data for this study were obtained by the use of structured questionnaire and household head was used as the sampling unit. A total sample size of 407 crop farmer households were selected through simple random sampling and it represent 20% of the sample frame of 2036. Descriptive statistics such as percentage and mean scores were used to analyse the data collected for the study. Perception of farm household was judged by the mean scores derived from the 5-point Likert items. The study revealed that decrease in crop production (mean score M = 5) was the major perceived climate change effect on their crop production. This was followed by decrease in food availability (M=4.25), decrease soil fertility (M=3.86) and increase pest and disease infestation (M=3.79). The average mean score of the farmer's perception of climate change on crop production was 3.93. This implies that the respondents in the study area agreed that climate change lead to decrease in crop production. The major coping strategy adopted by farmers in the study area was changing crop variety which was indicated by about 80% of the respondents. Other coping strategies include crop rotation (about 41%), mixed cropping and shifting cultivation constituting about 34% respectively. Based on these findings, it is recommended that crop farmers in the study area should be encouraged to use farm level adaptation measures. This can be achieved through developing appropriate farm-level climate adaptation technologies by research institutes and disseminating them to farmers at the appropriate time. Since most respondents used different varieties of crops to cope with climate change effects in the study area, agricultural organizations and research institute should put more effort in developing new varieties of crop that will suit the climatic conditions of the farmers and farmers should have direct link with the research institutes or seed companies in order to have access to the new seed varieties.
2014
This study discusses the findings of the research that was carried out in Ikogosi Warm Spring Communities of Ekiti State among predominantly smallholder arable crop farmers on their knowledge of climate change and adaptation strategies. The study discovered that almost all the farmers interviewed perceived changes in climate. The result of factors influencing farmers’ perception decisions using ordered logit regression analysis showed that gender, age and level of education were statistically significant in making decisions on the level of perception made by the farmers. Finally, multinomial logit regression model was employed to analyse the factors that are influencing farmers’ choice of adaptation on climate change and variability. The results indicate that gender, age, farming experience, land tenure, farm size, access to extension services, access to loan, engage in non-farming activities, temperature and rainfall were the main factors influencing farmers’ choice of adaptation t...
This study examined farmers' perception of climate change and coping strategies across gender in two agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Two agro-ecological zones namely north-central and northwest were purposively selected and one State Agricultural Development Project each namely Niger and Kaduna were selected repectively. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 140 respondents. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Personal experience was the most prominent means through which females (35.7%) and males (38.6%) became aware of climate change. Majority of the females (85.7%) and males (74.3%) in the north-central zone , started to notice the effect of climate change only about 1-5years ago. About 89% of males and 82% of females opined that yearly rainfull begins late. About 97% of the female and 99% of the males were of the opinion that there had been gradual reduction of vegetation cover. General perception by both females (mean=3.2) and males (mean=3.2) was that climate change reduces the yield of crops, increase the cost of crop production and reduces the productivity of livestock and also time spent by the females to look for water for domestic use had increased. Chi-square analysis indicated positive and significant relationship between perception of climate change and farm size (X 2 = 4.1; p<0.05) in north-central and farming experience (X 2 = 7.3; p<0.05) in north west zone. The results of t-test analysis showed significant difference between how the females and males perceived the effect of climate change with regards to rainfall ending early (t(138)=2.5; p<0.05) and time spent to look for water for cooking food has increased(t(138)=2.2;p<0.05). A multi-media enlightenment campagn of the effects and posssible coping strategies of climate change should be adopted by all tiers of government and NGOs to reach the farmers using available extension structure on ground. Also, farming communities can run local disaster risk committees to encourage local adaptation measures as survival tactics for the purpose of ensuring food security.
Environmental Economics, 2017
There is widespread interest on the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and on the most effective investments to assist farmers strengthen factors influencing their choice of adaptation measures. This study uses the Heckman probit model to analyze the two-step process of adaptation measures to climate change, which initially assesses a farmer's perception that climate is changing and followed by an examination of the response to this perception in the form of adaptation. Simple purposive random sampling was used to select two states out of six states. Random sampling was used to select Ondo and Oyo States, while communities that are prone to climate change were purposively selected. The study administered questionnaire and held Focus Group Discussions to elicit information, where 350 valid responses were used for further analysis. The dependent variables are adaptations measures adopted by farmers, where the independent variables are those natural, socioeconomic , institutional and physical factors influencing the choice of these measures. The analysis indicate that 53.4% of the investigated farmers have observed increasing temperature over the past 10 years whereas 58% have observed that they noticed decreasing rainfall over the past 10 years. Findings from the FGDs conform to secondary data gathered. This analysis show that 64.57% of farmers have adopted one or more of the major adaptation options identified through the research survey. Education of the head of household, livestock ownership and extension for crop and livestock production, availability of credit and temperature are factors influencing choice of adaptation.
Strategies for climate change adaptation among rural households in Imo State, Nigeria
The study was designed to ascertain the strategies for climate change adaptation among rural households in Imo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study ascertained the respondents' level of awareness on climate change, ascertained their perceived causes of climate change, identified and documented the effective local adaptation strategies to climate change, and finally identified factors that militate against effective adaptation to climate change in the study area. All the rural households in the state constituted the population for the study. A total of 108 respondents, made up of 12 household heads selected from each of the nine villages purposively selected for the study were used. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Percentage distribution, mean statistic, charts, and factor analysis were used to analyse the data. The major findings showed that majority (78.3%) of the respondents were aware of climate change. It further showed that a greater proportion, about 41% of the respondents know a little about climate change. Most of the respondents, about 62% were aware of climate change through personal experience and observation. Further, most of the respondents (47.7%) described climate change as persistent short rainfall duration. About 71% of the respondents agreed that climate change had effect on agriculture, while about 49% of the respondents perceived that major effect of climate change on agriculture was declining crop yield. Greater proportion (17.5%) of the respondents perceived women as the most vulnerable to climate change. The respondent perceived gas flaring (M= 2.07), violation of local customs (M = 2.01) and natural phenomena (M = 2.00) as the causes of climate change in the study area. Further, they perceived growing of drought-resistant crop varieties (M = 1.14), use of pest/disease resistant crop varieties (M = 1.06), roof water harvesting (M = 1.00), sinking of more wells (M = 1.06), ground water harvesting (M = 1.07), planting deeper into the soil to avoid heat stress (M = 1.10), increased weeding (M = 1.29), changing of planting dates (M = 1.05), and changing timing of land preparation (M = 1.01) as effective adaptation strategies to climate change in the study area. Perceived constraints to effective adaptation to climate change in the study area were limited access to improved crop varieties (M= 1.95), high cost of farm labour (M= 1.80), inadequate financial resources to adapt (M= 1.80), high cost of diversification of enterprise (M=1.78), lack of irrigation schemes (M = 1.66), high cost of constructing dams (M = 1.58), limited access to improved livestock breeds (M = 1.57), limited availability of land (M = 1.53), high cost of land (M = 1.53), poor extension service (M = 1.52) and lack of government policy on adaptation (M= 1.50). Further, the constraints were grouped into: financial constraints with high cost of diversification of enterprise (0.85), inadequate financial resources to adapt (0.83), high cost of labour (0.83), high cost of improved crop varieties (0.78) and poor extension service (0.66) as factors that loaded under it; government failures with poor land ownership system (0.81), low income level (0.80), use of zero tillage encourages weed growth, pest and disease attack (0.73)
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
Adaptation has the potential to significantly contribute to reductions in negative impacts from changes in climatic conditions. The study investigated the factors influencing farmer's choice of adaptation measures to climate change among smallholder arable farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select one hundred and sixty (160), respondents. Data collected from the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logit regression and constraints encounter index. The result obtained from the analyses showed that average age of smallholder arable farmers in the study area was 46 years with a majority (72.5%) being male. On the level of education of the farmer, about (18.1%) of the farmers had no formal education while majority (81.9%) had various forms of formal education. 34.4% of the respondents were within 11-20 years of farming experience with large household size 11 above member representing 45.0%. Logit regression model results rev...