Improving the Performance of Polymer Inclusion Membranes in Separation Process Using Alternative Base Polymers: A Review (original) (raw)
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OALib, 2014
The elaboration of a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) and solvent impregnated resin (SIR) XAD7 with sorptive characteristics intended for removal of heavy metals was investigated. Bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 302) was used as an acidic extractant. The sorption of Zn(II), Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions onto the PIM and SIR was investigated and optimized as a function of contact time, pH, extractant amount and concentration of metal ions. Both the PIM and the SIR showed reasonably good ability for the separation of metal ions from ternary mixture. The elution of the metal from the PIM and SIR was accomplished (100% and 90% for PIM and SIR respectively) with 1.0 M HNO3. The elution treatment allows both the polymers to be reused.
Separation Performance of Polymer Membranes for Organic Solvent Mixtures
Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2012
The current investigation directs the focus at the performance of SRNF membranes for the separation of organic solvent mixtures without dissolved species. A correlation between operating parameters (temperature, pressure) and differences in separation performance (fluxes, retention) for commercially available solvent stable nanofiltration membranes of different materials is shown. The membranes are applied in laboratory tests to separate different compositions of organic solvent mixtures. The experiments are conducted over weeks to ensure the constancy of the membranes and respectively the obtained data.
Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A, 2022
PIMs (Polymer Inclusion Membranes) are popular in molecular transport in different solutions. Most often they are used in the transport and removal of ionic compounds, for example metal ions or organic ionic compounds. In this work, membranes were used as extraction devices for isolation of pharmaceuticals from water samples. PIMs were composed of CTA (Cellulose Triacetate) as polymeric matrix, 2-NPOE (2-Nitrophenylo Octyl Ether) as plasticizer, and alkyl quaternary ammonium salt (Aliquat 336) was used as the carrier. The influence of the carrier and plasticizer presence on PIM's extraction efficiency was described. This extraction deice was used for isolation of ibuprofen, ascorbic acid and paracetamol form water samples. The best retention percentage on polymer membranes was achieved between 80%-100% for three components membranes. The extraction ability of polymeric membranes was described and confirmed using HSP (Hansen Solubility Parameter) determined for each analyte and membrane components. Determination of these parameters allows describing the interaction between the analytes and membrane and concludes which membrane composition gives the best properties. All qualitative and quantitative analysis was done using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography).
Journal of Membrane Science, 2014
The effect of the base-polymer and carrier concentration on the physical-chemical characteristics of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) is investigated. Two typical polymers used to manufacture PIMs have been tested, i.e. poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and cellulose triacetate (CTA), and different amounts of the ionic liquid (IL) Aliquat 336, used as extractant, were the PIMs constituents. The resulting PIMs have been characterized using different techniques to provide information on both the surface and bulk material properties. XPS results do not practically show differences in the surfaces of CTA and PVC based membranes with similar Aliquat 336 content, and the total surface coverage for Aliquat 336 concentration higher than 40% (w/w) was obtained, which was also corroborated with the results of contact angle measurements. However, membrane elastic response seems to be strongly dependent on both basepolymer and Aliquat 336 concentration, which affect Young modulus and elongation at break. The IL concentration also increases dielectric constant and the conductivity of the PIMs from both polymers according to impedance spectroscopy results, providing a rather conductive character to both kind of samples for Aliquat 336 content higher than 40% (w/w) (average conductivity around 10 À 3 (Ω m) À 1). CTA and PVC-based PIMs with Aliquat 336 content around 45% have been used in order to compare the influence of the polymer on the transport of As(V).
Membranes, 2022
Polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) is a method for separating liquid membranes into thin, stable, and flexible film forms. In this study, the PIM was made using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), dibenzyl ether (DBE), and 4% copoly-eugenol divinyl benzene (co-EDVB) as a supporting polymer, plasticizer, and carrier compound, respectively. Furthermore, a phenol transport test was carried out using the parameters of pH influence, the effect of NaOH concentration, and transport time. The PIM membrane was also evaluated using the parameters affecting the concentration of plasticizer, the effect of salt concentration, and the lifetime of the PIM membrane. The results show that the optimum pH obtained to transport phenol to the receiving phase was 5.5, with a concentration of 0.1 M of the NaOH receiving phase and a transport time of 72 h. Furthermore, it was found that the use of plasticizers and salts affected the ability and resistance of the membranes. The membrane lifetime increased up to 60 days...
Journal of Membrane Science, 2006
The stability of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) relative to other liquid membranes is amongst the major reasons for the recent rejuvenation of interest in carrier-mediated transport for selective separation and recovery of metal ions as well as numerous organic solutes. This is reflected by an increasing number of PIM investigations reported in the literature over the last two decades. Given the outstanding performance of PIMs compared to other types of liquid membranes particularly in terms of membrane lifetime, it has been predicted that practical industrial applications of PIMs will be realized in the near future. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge relevant to PIMs for the extraction and transport of various metal ions and small organic solutes. PIM studies reported to date are systematically summarized and outlined accordingly to the type of carriers used, i.e. basic, acidic and chelating, neutral or solvating, and macrocyclic and macromolecular. The paper reviews the various factors that control the transport rate, selectivity and stability of PIMs. The transport phenomena observed by various authors are related to the membrane characteristics, physicochemical properties of the target solutes as well as the chemistry of the aqueous solutions making up the source and receiving phases. The results from these studies reveal an intricate relationship between the above factors. Furthermore, while the interfacial transport mechanisms in PIMs are thought to be similar to those in supported liquid membranes (SLMs), the bulk diffusion mechanisms in PIMs governing their permeability and selectivity require better understanding. This review also delineates two mathematical modeling approaches widely used in PIM literature: one uses a set of assumptions that allow the derivation of analytical solutions valid under steady-state conditions only; the other takes into account the accumulation of the target species in the membrane during the initial transport state and therefore can also be applied under non-steady-state conditions. The latter is essential when the interfacial complexation reaction kinetics is slow. It involves more complex mathematics and requires the application of numerical techniques. The studies included in this review highlight the potential of PIMs for various niche applications on a practical scale. The discussions provided, however, also emphasize the need for more fundamental research before any such practical applications of PIMs can be realized. This is specifically important for small organic compounds because to date scientific investigation involving the extraction and transport of these compounds remains limited. Transport mechanisms of small organic compounds are less well understood and are likely to be more complex than those observed with the transport of metal ions.
High-Performance Polymers for Separation and Purification Processes: An Overview
Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2017
Separation and purification techniques are applied in many important fields, such as in the medical, chemical, metallurgical, environmental, and pharmaceutical industries. Recent advances in separation science and the urgent need for highly selective purification have necessitated a rapid progress with respect to the reagents, chemicals and surfactants used in separation processes to attain a high efficiency and selectivity. Polymeric materials have attracted considerable interest, and they have been widely used as extractants, catalysts, modifiers, etc. in separation and purification processes. This review outlines the recent advances in the use of novel polymers, natural and synthetic, in different separation and purification techniques. Various separation techniques such as chromatography, crystallization, precipitation, distillation, electrophoresis, filtration, and mineral processing methods are discussed, and the polymers used in each method are described in terms of their properties, structure, and function. The application of polymers shows great promise in achieving a highly efficient separation, especially in the areas of membrane separation and water purification. The rational design of new multifunctional polymers with triggered functions presumably presents new opportunities for the development of advanced separation methods.
Journal of Polymer Engineering
The transport phenomena across polymeric membrane may be enhanced by applying various strengths inside or outside the system. Recently, polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) has been considered one of the most popular methods that acts as a sink for the contaminant and immobilizes it. In the literature, there is no report about how to achieve the synthesis of multi-layer PIMs. In this paper, an improvement of a novel category of membrane without carrier for performing ion separation is reported. Different membranes were elaborated from binary mixtures of polymers, cellulose triacetate (CTA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using 2-nitrophenyl octyle-ether (NPOE) as plasticizer and carrier in the same time, in order to increase specific interactions between the different polymers. The membranes (Polymer 1– NPOE – Polymer 2) were synthesized by phase inversion method modified by changing the procedure of a plasticizer/carrier addition and characterized by FTIR, ...
Journal of Membrane Science and Research, 2019
Polysulfone was investigated as an alternative base-polymer for polymer inclusion membranes (PIM’s) that could withstand harsh environmental conditions and have good transport efficiency of metal ions. PIM’s were prepared using polysulfone as a base polymer and Aliquat 336 as a carrier in the absence of a plasticizer. Chromium (VI) was used as standard to study the extraction efficiency of the membranes. The optimal composition ratio for the membrane with the highest extraction efficiency during passive sampling of the chromium (VI) from solution was 40:60 (w/w) polysulfone: Aliquat 336. This membrane had a flux of 8.68×10-7 mol.m-2.s-1 and had increased chemical stability over a range of pH 2 – 12 compared to poly(vinyl chloride) based membranes. The presence of functional groups on the polysulfone, Aliquat 336 and the synthesized polymer inclusion membrane were confirmed using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy. The results showed that only physical interaction exists betwe...
Separation and Purification Technology
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