Total and high-molecular weight adiponectin and risk of colorectal cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study (original) (raw)
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Diabetes Care, 2010
OBJECTIVE To investigate ethnic differences in adiponectin and leptin concentration and to determine whether these adipokines and a high–glycemic index diet account for ethnic variation in insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 1,176 South Asian, Chinese, Aboriginal, and European Canadians, fasting blood samples were drawn, and clinical history and dietary habits including glycemic index/glycemic load were recorded using standardized questionnaires. Insulin resistance was defined using homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher in Europeans (adjusted mean 12.94 [95% CI 2.27–13.64]) and Aboriginal people (11.87 [11.19–12.59]) than in South Asians (9.35 [8.82–9.92]) and Chinese (8.52 [8.03–9.03]) (overall P < 0.001). Serum leptin was significantly higher in South Asians (11.82 [10.72–13.04]) and Aboriginal people (11.13 [10.13–12.23]) than in Europeans (9.21 [8.38–10.12]) and Chinese (8.25 [7.4...
Ethnic differences in adiponectin levels
Metabolism, 2004
Adiponectin levels were measured in African American and Caucasian women of varying body mass index (BMI). Plasma adiponectin levels were compared and the relationship between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity was assessed. Adiponectin levels were similar in the Caucasian obese (7.0 ؎ 0.8 g/mL), African American obese (7.3 ؎ 3.5 g/mL), and African American non-obese women (7.1 ؎ 1.2 g/mL), but were significantly higher in Caucasian non-obese women (12.2 ؎ 1.4 g/mL). Correlational analyses demonstrated that BMI, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) correlated significantly with adiponectin levels in only the Caucasian women. These results provide support for the notion that what applies to other ethnic populations might not apply to the African American population, and that the association between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity needs to be clarified in the African American population.
Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2013
Adiponectin-an adipose tissue-derived protein-may provide a molecular link between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC), but evidence from large prospective studies is limited. In particular, no epidemiological study explored high-molecular weight (HMW) and non-HMW adiponectin fractions in relation to CRC risk, despite them being hypothesized to have differential biological activities, i.e. regulating insulin sensitivity (HMW adiponectin) versus inflammatory response (non-HMW adiponectin). In a prospective, nested case-control study, we investigated whether prediagnostic serum concentrations of total, HMW and non-HMW adiponectin are associated with risk of CRC, independent of obesity and other known CRC risk factors. A total of 1206 incident cases (755 colon and 451 rectal) were matched to 1206 controls using incidencedensity sampling. In conditional logistic regression, adjusted for dietary and lifestyle factors, total adiponectin and non-HMW adiponectin concentrations were inversely associated with risk of CRC [relative risk (RR) comparing highest versus lowest quintile 5 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5 0.53-0.95, P trend 5 0.03 for total adiponectin and RR 5 0.45, 95% CI 5 0.34-0.61, P trend < 0.0001 for non-HMW adiponectin]. HMW adiponectin concentrations were not associated with CRC risk (RR 5 0.91, 95% CI 5 0.68-1.22, P trend 5 0.55). Non-HMW adiponectin was associated with CRC risk even after adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference (RR 5 0.39, 95% CI 5 0.26-0.60, P trend < 0.0001), whereas the association with total adiponectin was no longer significant (RR 5 0.81, 95% CI 5 0.60-1.09, P trend 5 0.23). When stratified by cancer site, non-HMW adiponectin was inversely associated with both colon and rectal cancer. These findings suggest an important role of the relative proportion of non-HMW adiponectin in CRC pathogenesis. Future studies are warranted to confirm these results and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Differences and similarities regarding adiponectin investigated in African and Caucasian women
European journal of …, 2007
Objective: Concentrations of adiponectin, an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing actions, may vary according to ethnic group. This study aimed to determine whether fasting adiponectin levels of Caucasian and African women differ. A second objective was to determine which components of the metabolic syndrome are more closely related to adiponectinemia in both groups. Design: A cross-sectional study including 102 urban African and 115 Caucasian women with a wide range of obesity aged 20-55 years. Methods: Anthropometric measurements were taken, namely weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Cardiovascular measurements included blood pressure and arterial compliance. Fasting blood samples were taken to determine glucose, insulin, C-peptide, leptin, adiponectin, and lipid levels. Results: Mean adiponectin levels of the whole groups did not differ, but normal weight African women (NZ38) showed marginally lower adiponectin levels than their Caucasian counterparts (NZ41; PZ0.047). No differences in adiponectin were shown for overweight and obese women. Separate multiple regression analyses for ethnic groups showed that only homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) significantly contributed to the variance in adiponectin levels of African women, whereas leptin, triacylglycerol levels and HOMA-IR contributed significantly to adiponectin variance in Caucasian women. An additional multiple regression analysis in a combined ethnic group (NZ217) showed ethnicity to be a significant contributor to variances in adiponectin levels. Conclusions: Even though adiponectin levels of these ethnic groups are similar, different associations of adiponectin with leptin and triacylglycerol levels might indicate that there are ethnic differences regarding the mechanistic functions of adiponectin within the scope of the metabolic syndrome.
ISRN Endocrinology, 2013
Aim. Adiponectin has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitising properties, and low circulating levels may be an important risk factor for diabetes. We examined levels of adiponectin and its insulin-sensitising HMW isoform and their relationship with metabolic parameters in Tongans, a population prone to type II diabetes. Methods. Adiponectin and its HMW isoform were quantitated by Elisa in specimens from a randomly recruited, multistage cluster population survey of Tongans and from a group of Caucasians. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical data were collected on each subject. Results. Both male and female Tongans had lower levels of total and HMW adiponectin than their Caucasian counterparts. Levels of total and HMW adiponectin were higher in females than males in each group. Adiponectin levels were inversely related to BMI, weight, and HOMA in Tongan males and females, as well as to dyslipidemia in both sexes. Conclusion. Tongans had lower levels of both total and HMW adiponectin than Caucasians population, even after matching Tongans to their Caucasian counterparts based on BMI, age, and sex. These findings may reflect differences in body composition between the populations not adequately assessed by BMI, lifestyle factors, or a genetic variant likely in a genetically homogenous population.
Frontiers in Genetics, 2014
Background: Compared with European Americans, African Americans (AAs) exhibit lower levels of the cardio-metabolically protective adiponectin even after accounting for adiposity measures. Because few studies have examined in AA the association between adiponectin and genetic admixture, a dense panel of ancestry informative markers (AIMs) was used to estimate the individual proportions of European ancestry (PEA) for the AAs enrolled in a large community-based cohort, the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). We tested the hypothesis that plasma adiponectin and PEA are directly associated and assessed the interaction with a series of cardio-metabolic risk factors. Methods: Plasma specimens from 1439 JHS participants were analyzed by ELISA for adiponectin levels. Using pseudo-ancestral population genotype data from the HapMap Consortium, PEA was estimated with a panel of up to 1447 genome-wide preselected AIMs by a maximum likelihood approach. Interaction assessment, stepwise linear and cubic multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to analyze the cross-sectional association between adiponectin and PEA. Results: Among the study participants (62% women; mean age 48 ± 12 years), the median (interquartile range) of PEA was 15.8 (9.3)%. Body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.04) and insulin resistance (p = 0.0001) modified the association between adiponectin and PEA. Adiponectin was directly and linearly associated with PEA (β = 0.62 ± 0.28, p = 0.03) among non-obese (n = 673) and insulin sensitive participants (n = 1141; β = 0.74 ± 0.23, p = 0.001), but not among those obese or with insulin resistance. No threshold point effect was detected for non-obese participants. Conclusions: In a large AA population, the individual proportion of European ancestry was linearly and directly associated with plasma adiponectin among non-obese and non insulin-resistant participants, pointing to the interaction of genetic and metabolic factors influencing adiponectin levels.
Serum adiponectin: A biomarker of ethnic heterogeneity in Libyan subjects?
Journal of Clinical & Experimental Research, 2014
Objectives: Ethnic heterogeneity is reported to be one of the causes of variation regarding the effect of obesity risk of chronic diseases. Libyans with their unique ethnic background may prove to be good subjects of study to demonstrate whether serum adiponectin level could act as a marker of ethnic diversity. Materials and Methods: Among the 1500 Local Libyan subjects who came for medical check-up, Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya during 2013-2014, 300 subjects were taken for the study. They were divided into 2 groups: Group I-control subjects (n=150) and Group II-obese subjects (n=150). Serum adiponectin, leptin and resistin were measured by ELISA method. Results: In this preliminary study it was demonstrated that serum levels of adiponectin did not show marked difference between the two groups, controls and obese subjects (p=0.28). But the serum leptin level and resistin levels are higher in obese subjects (p<0.001) compared to control subjects. The serum adiponectin levels are comparatively lower for Libyan subjects when compared to western population. Conclusion: The result suggests that serum leptin and resistin levels are increased in obese subjects. The serum adiponectin level in Libyan subjects is comparatively lower than those reported for western population. Therefore it appears that serum adiponectin may be considered as a marker of ethnic heterogeneity for obesity risk of metabolic disorders.
International Journal of Obesity, 2012
OBJECTIVE: Diabetes in Asia constitutes approximately half of the global burden. Although insulin resistance and incidence of type 2 diabetes differ substantially between ethnic groups within Asia, the reasons for these differences are poorly understood. We evaluated to what extent body fatness, adiponectin levels and inflammation mediate the relationship between ethnicity and insulin resistance in an Asian setting. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based study. SUBJECTS: In total, 4136 adult Chinese, Malays and Asian Indians residing in Singapore. MEASUREMENTS: Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and systemic inflammation by C-reactive protein (CRP). Data were analyzed using path analysis. RESULTS: HOMA-IR was highest in Asian Indians, intermediate in Malays and lowest in Chinese (Po0.001). The difference in HOMA-IR between Malays and Chinese disappeared after adjusting for body mass index (BMI). For the comparison of Asian Indians with Chinese, the association between ethnicity and HOMA-IR was mediated by BMI (men: 32.9%; women: 48.5%), BMI-adjusted waist circumference (men: 6.1%; women: 3.5%), and CRP (men: 5.1%; women: 5.6%), and unidentified factors (men: 47.2%; women: 26.5%). Part of the mediating effects of body fatness was indirect through effects of body fatness on CRP and adiponectin concentrations. CONCLUSION: Mediators of ethnic differences in insulin resistance differed markedly depending on the ethnic groups compared. General adiposity explained the difference in insulin resistance between Chinese and Malays, whereas abdominal fat distribution, inflammation and unexplained factors contributed to excess insulin resistance in Asian Indians as compared with Chinese and Malays. These findings suggest that interventions targeting excess weight gain can reduce ethnic disparities in insulin resistance among Asian Indians, Chinese and Malays.