From antecedent conditions to violent actions: A general affective aggression model (original) (raw)
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Effects of violent movies and trait hostility on hostile feelings and aggressive thoughts
Aggressive Behavior, 1997
suggests that violent movies may increase aggression by increasing hostile feelings and the accessibility of aggressive thoughts. It also suggests that trait hostility may similarly influence affect and cognition. Experiment 1 explored the effects of viewing violent movie clips on affect and cognition. Participants who viewed a violent movie clip later reported higher levels of state hostility than did those who viewed a nonviolent clip. Experiment 2 added trait hostility to the design as a potentially important individual difference variable. The state hostility results of Experiment 1 were replicated. In addition, the relative accessibility of aggressive thoughts was increased by the violent clip, but only for low irritable participants. Discussion focused on the relevance to aggressive behavior.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1996
A general framework for studying affective aggression, integrating many insights from previous models (e.g., those of Baron, Berkowitz, Geen, and Zillmann), is presented. New research examining effects of extreme temperatures and photos of guns on arousal, cognition, and affect is reported. Hostile cognition was assessed using an automatic priming task (i.e., Stroop interference). Hostile affect was assessed with the State Hostility Scale. Positive and negative affect, hostile attitudes, perceived comfort, and perceived arousal were also assessed. As expected, hot and cold temperatures increased state hostility and hostile attitudes, and viewing guns did not. As expected, viewing guns primed hostile cognitions and extreme temperatures did not. Theoretical imPlications of these results and societal implications of the general framework are discussed. The United States experienced 23,760 murders, 109,062 forcible rapes, and 1,126,974aggravated assaults in 1992 (U.S. Department of Justice, 1993). That breaks down to a murder every 22 min, a rape every 5 min, and an assault every 28 s. Of murders for which the precipitating event was known, 50% more resulted from an argument than from the commission of a felony (e.g., robbery, narcotics offenses, sex offenses). In other words, many violent behaviors occur when people who know (and often love) each other get into serious arguments. They get angry and lash out. Sometimes they "merely" assault; at other times they kill. This type of aggression, characterized by anger and intent to harm, is known as affective aggression (e.g., Geen, 1990), though sometimes it is called impulsive or emotional aggression.
Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
The social information processing (SIP) model is an important element in theoretical accounts of aggressive behavior. Recently, several authors have suggested the integrations of emotions in the SIP model. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the revised SIP model of aggression with Japanese young people. In Study 1, 130 male Japanese students were given three scenarios depicting social conflicts and asked to rate the variables comprising the model. Structural equation analysis showed that hostile intent, anger and positive evaluation of aggressive behavior increased aggressive behavior, on the other hand, adaptive emotion regulation strategies decreased aggressive behavior. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the revised model was significantly better in the prediction of aggression than the original model. In study 2, 82 male Japanese delinquents were given the same materials as study1. The results substantially replicated the results of Study 1, although emotion regulation did not work in this sample. There appear to be two possible interpretations. One possibility is that juvenile delinquents may be likely to engage in aggression because they tend to feel strong anger, and the uncontrolled anger distorts social perception to produce aggressive motivations. The other interpretation is that the research procedures adopted by the study 2 influenced the results. Both studies further indicated that the levels of variables of the revised model were significantly different between high aggressive and low aggressive participants.
Three experiments examined the effect of aggression-evoking cues on aggressive cognitions related to physical, verbal, and relational aggression and internal states (anger and hostility). In Experiment 1 (n = 40), the priming effect of masculinity threat on four categories of aggressive cognitions was investigated among males; Experiment 2 (n = 46) tested whether exposure to images stimulating negative and sexual arousal induced higher accessibility of aggressive constructs in men; in Experiment 3 (n = 95), female participants completed a self-report questionnaire measuring aggressive behavior, administered so as to activate their aggressive cognitions. All three studies revealed that, when the concept " aggression " is activated, the accessibility of physically aggressive thoughts increases regardless of the participant's sex or the sorts of stimuli used to evoke aggressive cognitions. Thoughts related to verbal and relational aggression, anger, and hostility were not activated. The findings are discussed in terms of the cognitive-neoassociationistic model of aggression in which physical aggression may play the role of the core of an aggression cognition network that is easily activated without spreading that effect on associated constructs.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2022
Research on cognitive processes has primarily focused on cognitive control and inhibitory processes to the detriment of other psychological processes, such as defense mechanisms (DMs), which can be used to modify aggressive impulses as well as self/other images during interpersonal conflicts. First, we conducted an in-depth theoretical analysis of three socio-cognitive models and three psychodynamic models and compared main propositions regarding the source of aggression and processes that influence its enactment. Second, 32 participants completed the Hostile Expectancy Violation Paradigm (HEVP) in which scenarios describe a hostile vs. non-hostile social context followed by a character's ambiguous aversive behavior. The N400 effect to critical words that violate expected hostile vs. non-hostile intent of the behavior was analyzed. Prepotent response inhibition was measured using a Stop Signal task (SST) and DMs were assessed with the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-60). Result...
Effect of trait and state approach motivation on aggressive inclinations
Journal of Research in Personality, 2008
Research has suggested that individual differences in behavioral approach sensitivity (BAS) are related to state and trait anger . Negative affects deriving from the behavioral approach system. Emotion, 4, 3-22; Harmon-Jones, E. (2003a). Clarifying the emotive functions of asymmetrical frontal cortical activity. Psychophysiology, 40, 838-848;. Anger and the behavioural approach system. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 995-1005]. The present research sought to extend this past work by testing whether individual differences in BAS would relate to aggressive inclinations, particularly when approach motivation was situationally primed. Results supported predictions, and thus suggest, contrary to several perspectives (e.g., . Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition.
Affective and predatory violence: A bimodal classification system of human aggression and violence
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2004
The etiology of violent and aggressive behavior has been studied for several decades. Observations in the 1920s of human patients who manifested aggressive behavior after incurring neurological insults led researchers to explore a biological basis for the behavior. Animal research soon followed and provided the foundation for understanding this complex behavior. Efforts to use animal models of adaptive aggressive behavior to explain pathological aggression in a subgroup of the human population has proven to be a daunting task. The research has produced a vast database encompassing several distinct disciplines. Predatory and affective aggression garners support as a classification system from clinical, social, biopsychological and forensic databases. This article draws together this vast research and delivers an argument for a bimodal classification system of aggressive and violent behavior.