Investigation the Strength of Magnetic Fields Emitted From Home Electrical Devices (original) (raw)
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2010
In 2002, the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority, SSI (Statens strålskyddsinstitut) appointed an international independent expert group (IEG) for electromagnetic fields (EMF) and health. The Swedish government has reorganized the radiation protection work and the task of the IEG lie now under the newly formed Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM). The task is to follow and evaluate the scientific development and to give advice to the SSM. With major scientific reviews as starting points the IEG in a series of annual reports consecutively discusses and assesses relevant new data and put these in the context of already available information. The result will be a gradually developing health risk assessment of exposure to EMF. The group began its work in the fall of 2002 and presented its first report in December 2003. The present report is the seventh in the series. The composition of the group during the preparation of this report has been:
2014
Background: The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority's (SSM) Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields monitors current research on potential health risks with a correlation to exposure to electromagnetic fields, and provides the Authority with advice on assessing possible health risks. The Council gives guidance when the Authority must give an opinion on policy matters when scientific testing is necessary. The Council is required to submit a written report each year on the current research and knowledge situation. Objective: The report has the objective of covering the previous year's research in the area of electromagnetic fields (EMF). The report gives the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority an overview and provides an important basis for risk assessment. Results: The present annual report is the twelfth in this series and covers studies published from October 2015 up to and including March 2017. The report covers different areas of EMF (static, low frequency, intermediat...
”Influence of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health of People.Limits for Exposure to EMF”
In the article, sources of electromagnetic radiation, their intensity and the frequency ranges in which they are manifested are discussed. Moreover, on the basis of international recommendations and regulations, specific safety measures are proposed that should be implemented by all the participants in the process of creating electromagnetic pollution.Threshold power densities of electromagnetic fields in accordance with the standards of individual countries are presented. Standards in the field of protection against electromagnetic radiation are related to the regulations, recommendations and limit values which determine the maximum allowed radiation exposure in order to protect human health
2018
Background The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority's (SSM) Scientific Council on Electromagnetic Fields monitors current research on potential health risks with a correlation to exposure to electromagnetic fields, and provides the Authority with advice on assessing possible health risks. The Council gives guidance when the Authority must give an opinion on policy matters when scientific testing is necessary. The Council is required to submit a written report each year on the current research and knowledge situation. Objective The report has the objective of covering the previous year's research in the area of electromagnetic fields (EMF). The report gives the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority an overview and provides an important basis for risk assessment. Results The present annual report is the twelfth in this series and covers studies published from October 2015 up to and including March 2017. The report covers different areas of EMF (static, low frequency, intermediate, and radio frequency fields) and different types of studies such as biological, human and epidemiological studies.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016
We aimed to review the findings of exposure assessment studies done in European countries on the exposure of the general public to low frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) of various frequencies. The study shows that outdoor average extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) in public areas in urban environments range between 0.05 and 0.2 µT in terms of flux densities, but stronger values (of the order of a few µT) may occur directly beneath high-voltage power lines, at the walls of transformer buildings, and at the boundary fences of substations. In the indoor environment, high values have been measured close to several domestic appliances (up to the mT range), some of which are held close to the body, e.g., hair dryers, electric shavers. Common sources of exposure to intermediate frequencies (IF) include induction cookers, compact fluorescent lamps, inductive charging systems for electric cars and security or anti-theft devices. No systematic measurement surveys or personal exposimetry data for the IF range have been carried out and only a few reports on measurements of EMFs around such devices are mentioned. According to the available European exposure assessment studies, three population exposure categories were classified by the authors regarding the possible future risk analysis. This classification should be considered a crucial advancement for exposure assessment, which is a mandatory step in any future health risk assessment of EMFs exposure.
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Science, 2008
Domestic and office electric appliances are the main source of electromagnetic emissions within houses and offices. In this study magnetic flux was estimated for 49 electric devices. The electric field was also measured for a number of electric devices at different distances. The variation in distance was 10 cm. The maximum reading measured (400,000 nT) was for an electric shaving device; and it was 200,000 nT at 10 cm away from the same device. It was much higher than limits recommended by ICNIRP. The maximum reading for the electric field (1500 V/m) was from fluorescent lights. At 10 cm away from these lights, the reading was 300 V/m, which is much less than limits recommended by ICNIRP. The electric and magnetic fields of various electric devices were compared with both the Swedish standards and limits recommended by ICNIRP. However, safe distances were recommended as well.
Measurement, 2018
Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) are emitted by electrical household appliances, wiring, meter boxes, conductive plumbing, power lines and transformers. Some of the studies investigating the link between ELF-MFs and health problems have not adequately characterized the magnetic field exposure of subjects, as they did not always measure residential magnetic fields or measure in locations where residents are most exposed. Considering this, there is a need for good quality assessments of residential ELF-MFs in different geographical regions to collect general public exposure data and to identify high sources of magnetic fields. Such studies have the potential to add significant scientific knowledge about residential exposure and appropriate precautions to reduce exposure, improve the quality of life and substantially reduce health care costs. Subject and methods: In this work, we analyzed the ELF-MFs from 3163 datasets collected from 100 houses in Australia. Measurements were carried out in different geographical locations and were assessed for compliance with the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) Guidelines. Then we compared our measurements with another twenty-three peer-reviewed studies, published 1987-2015, reporting magnetic field measurements in residences. Results: The observed average (geometric mean) magnetic field values were; bed 0.85, bedroom 1.39 mG, baby cot 0.39 mG, children's play area 0.47 mG, and family room 0.30 mG. Our results show considerable variation in the fields to which residents are typically exposed, particularly in beds (21.83%) and bedrooms (33.33%) where the percentage of measurements greater than 4 mG was considerable. Some emissions exceeded the general public exposure levels of the ICNIRP Guidelines, with the potential for residents to be exposed above these levels. However, away from electrical appliances, the average field in all rooms was 0.30-1.39 mG. We show that simple precautions can be applied to reduce exposure to ELF-MFs in residences and thereby minimize potential risks to health and wellbeing. Conclusion: Our investigation provides a new data collection model for future surveys, which could be conducted with larger samples to verify our observations. Additionally, this data could be useful as a reference for researchers and those members of the general public who do not have access to the necessary measuring equipment.
This paper analyzes the sources of time-varying electrical and magnetic fields of industrial frequency. Therefore, very low frequency electromagnetic fields in our environment are analyzed. This refers to the power system, overhead power lines, transformer stations, electrical installations and household electrical appliances. The results of magnetic induction measurements of electrical household appliances (hair dryer, vacuum cleaner, water heater, electric cooker, aspirator, mixer, coffee grinder, mobile charger) are given, depending on the distance from the device.
Risk Assessment of Magnetic Field Pollution in Average Home
In our homes and offices, all electrical appliances/devices produce magnetic field, even when they are "off", as long as it is plugged into the electric supply and drawing on the power. These appliances radiate magnetic field that when it exceeds 0.65mG might lead to health hazard in Human being. This paper examined the magnetic field pollution from these appliances and fixtures using Trifield meter in residential area of Bauchi metropolis in Nigeria as a case study. The result showed that most of the appliances examined need to be kept at a distance of around 20cm from human body to avoid health risk.